The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors
                    The Oxford English Dictionary Department


 CONTENTS Table of Contents
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  Title Page    TITLE

  Edition Notice    EDITION

  Security Notice    SECURITY

  Notices    NOTICES

  Table of Contents    CONTENTS

  Figures    FIGURES

  Conventions used in the Dictionary    FRONT_1

  Abbreviations    FRONT_2

  Proprietary terms    FRONT_3

  Plates    FRONT_4

  A    1.0
  A...    1.1
  AA...    1.2
  AB...    1.3
  AC...    1.4
  AD...    1.5
  A.E....    1.6
  AF...    1.7
  AG...    1.8
  AH...    1.9
  AI...    1.10
  Ajaccio...    1.11
  AK...    1.12
  AL...    1.13
  AM...    1.14
  AN...    1.15
  AO...    1.16
  AP...    1.17
  aqua...    1.18
  AR...    1.19
  AS...    1.20
  AT...    1.21
  AU...    1.22
  AV...    1.23
  a/w...    1.24
  ax....    1.25
  ay...    1.26
  AZ...    1.27

  B    2.0
  B...    2.1
  BA...    2.2
  BB...    2.3
  BC...    2.4
  BD...    2.5
  BE...    2.6
  b.f....    2.7
  BGC    2.8
  Bhagavadgita...    2.9
  Bi...    2.10
  Bk...    2.11
  BL...    2.12
  BM...    2.13
  bn....    2.14
  BO...    2.15
  BP...    2.16
  Bq    2.17
  BR...    2.18
  BS...    2.19
  Bt....    2.20
  BU...    2.21
  BV...    2.22
  BWI...    2.23
  by...    2.24
  bzw.    2.25

  C    3.0
  C...    3.1
  CA...    3.2
  CB...    3.3
  CC...    3.4
  CD...    3.5
  CE...    3.6
  CF...    3.7
  CG...    3.8
  CH...    3.9
  CI...    3.10
  CJ    3.11
  Cl...    3.12
  CM...    3.13
  CNAA...    3.14
  CO...    3.15
  CP...    3.16
  CR...    3.17
  CS...    3.18
  CT...    3.19
  CU...    3.20
  cv....    3.21
  Cwlth...    3.22
  cybernetics...    3.23
  CZ...    3.24

  D    4.0
  D...    4.1
  DA...    4.2
  DB...    4.3
  DC...    4.4
  DD...    4.5
  DE...    4.6
  DF...    4.7
  DG...    4.8
  Dhaka...    4.9
  DI...    4.10
  DJ...    4.11
  DL...    4.12
  DM...    4.13
  DN...    4.14
  do...    4.15
  DP...    4.16
  DR...    4.17
  DS...    4.18
  Du....    4.19
  DV...    4.20
  d.w....    4.21
  Dy...    4.22
  dzho...    4.23

  E    5.0
  E...    5.1
  each...    5.2
  EB...    5.3
  EC...    5.4
  ed....    5.5
  EE...    5.6
  effect...    5.7
  e.g....    5.8
  eh...    5.9
  ei...    5.10
  ejector...    5.11
  El...    5.12
  EM...    5.13
  en...    5.14
  EO...    5.15
  EP...    5.16
  eq....    5.17
  ER...    5.18
  ES...    5.19
  ET...    5.20
  Eu...    5.21
  eV...    5.22
  Ew....    5.23
  ex...    5.24
  Eyck...    5.25
  Ezekiel...    5.26

  F    6.0
  F...    6.1
  FA...    6.2

  G    7.0
  G...    7.1
  GA...    7.2
  GB...    7.3
  GC...    7.4
  GD...    7.5
  Ge...    7.6
  GFS...    7.7
  GG...    7.8
  Ghadames...    7.9
  GI...    7.10
  Gk.    7.11
  glace...    7.12
  GM...    7.13
  gn....    7.14
  GO...    7.15
  GP...    7.16
  GR...    7.17
  GS...    7.18
  GT...    7.19
  gu....    7.20
  Gwalior...    7.21
  Gy...    7.22

  H    8.0
  H...    8.1
  HA...    8.2
  HB...    8.3
  HC...    8.4
  hd....    8.5
  HE...    8.6
  HF...    8.7
  HG...    8.8
  HH...    8.9
  HI...    8.10
  HJ...    8.11
  HK    8.12
  HL...    8.13
  HM...    8.14
  HNC, HND    8.15
  HO...    8.16
  HP...    8.17
  HQ    8.18
  HR...    8.19
  HS...    8.20
  ht....    8.21
  HU...    8.22
  h.w....    8.23
  Hy...    8.24
  Hz    8.25

  I    9.0
  I...    9.1
  IA...    9.2
  IBA...    9.3
  IC...    9.4
  ID...    9.5
  ie...    9.6
  IF...    9.7
  IG...    9.8
  i.h....    9.9
  II...    9.10
  IJ...    9.11
  ikon    9.12
  IL...    9.13
  IM...    9.14
  IN...    9.15
  I/O...    9.16
  IP...    9.17
  IQ...    9.18
  IR...    9.19
  IS...    9.20
  It....    9.21
  IU...    9.22
  IV...    9.23
  IW...    9.24
  IX    9.25
  Izaak...    9.26

  J    10.0
  J...    10.1
  JA...    10.2
  Jb.    10.3
  JC...    10.4
  JD    10.5
  je...    10.6
  Jg.    10.7
  Jhelum...    10.8
  jib...    10.9
  JJ.    10.10
  Jno....    10.11
  JO...    10.12
  JP    10.13
  JR...    10.14
  jt....    10.15
  Juan...    10.16
  j'y suis, j'y reste    10.17

  K    11.0
  K...    11.1
  Kaaba...    11.2
  KB...    11.3
  KC...    11.4
  KD    11.5
  KE...    11.6
  KG...    11.7
  Khachaturyan (Aram Ilyich)...    11.8
  kiak...    11.9
  Kk....    11.10
  kleistogamic...    11.11
  km....    11.12
  KN...    11.13
  KO...    11.14
  KP...    11.15
  KR...    11.16
  KS...    11.17
  KT...    11.18
  Ku...    11.19
  kV...    11.20
  kW...    11.21
  KY...    11.22

  L    12.0
  L...    12.1
  LA...    12.2
  lb....    12.3
  LC...    12.4
  LD...    12.5
  øE...    12.6
  LF    12.7
  LG...    12.8
  l.h....    12.9
  LI...    12.10
  LJ...    12.11
  LL...    12.12
  LM...    12.13
  ln...    12.14
  LO...    12.15
  LP...    12.16
  lr....    12.17
  LS...    12.18
  Lt....    12.19
  Lu...    12.20
  LV...    12.21
  Lw...    12.22
  lx...    12.23
  Lyadov...    12.24

  M    13.0
  M...    13.1
  MA...    13.2
  MB...    13.3
  MC...    13.4
  MD...    13.5
  ME...    13.6
  MF...    13.7
  MG...    13.8
  MH...    13.9
  MI...    13.10
  MJI    13.11
  Mk....    13.12
  ML...    13.13
  MM...    13.14
  MN...    13.15
  MO...    13.16
  MP...    13.17
  MR...    13.18
  MS...    13.19
  MT...    13.20
  mucus...    13.21
  MV...    13.22
  MW...    13.23
  Mx    13.24
  MY...    13.25

  N    14.0
  N...    14.1
  NA...    14.2
  NB...    14.3
  NC...    14.4
  ND...    14.5
  NE...    14.6
  NF...    14.7
  NG...    14.8
  NH...    14.9
  NI...    14.10
  NJ    14.11
  NKGB...    14.12
  NL...    14.13
  NM...    14.14
  nn....    14.15
  NO...    14.16
  NP...    14.17
  NR...    14.18
  NS...    14.19
  NT...    14.20
  n.u....    14.21
  NV...    14.22
  NW...    14.23
  NY...    14.24
  NZ    14.25

  O    15.0
  O...    15.1
  o/a...    15.2
  OB...    15.3
  OC...    15.4
  OD...    15.5
  OE...    15.6
  OF...    15.7
  O.Gael....    15.8
  OH...    15.9
  oidium...    15.10
  Ojibwa...    15.11
  OK...    15.12
  OL...    15.13
  OM...    15.14
  ON...    15.15
  Oodeypore...    15.16
  OP...    15.17
  OR...    15.18
  OS...    15.19
  OT...    15.20
  OU...    15.21
  ovenware...    15.22
  Owens College...    15.23
  Ox....    15.24
  oyez!    15.25
  oz....    15.26

  P    16.0
  P...    16.1
  PA...    16.2
  PB...    16.3
  PC...    16.4
  PD...    16.5
  PE...    16.6
  PF...    16.7
  PG...    16.8
  pH...    16.9
  PI...    16.10
  PJ    16.11
  PK...    16.12
  PL...    16.13
  PM...    16.14
  p.n....    16.15
  PO...    16.16
  PP...    16.17
  PQ    16.18
  PR...    16.19
  PS...    16.20
  PT...    16.21
  Pu...    16.22
  PVC    16.23
  Pwllheli...    16.24
  pyaemia...    16.25

  Q    17.0
  Q...    17.1
  QAB...    17.2
  QB...    17.3
  QC    17.4
  q.e....    17.5
  QF    17.6
  qibla    17.7
  QKt    17.8
  q.l....    17.9
  QM...    17.10
  QN...    17.11
  Qom    17.12
  QP...    17.13
  QR...    17.14
  QS...    17.15
  qt....    17.16
  qu....    17.17
  q.v.    17.18
  qwerty keyboard    17.19
  qy    17.20

  R    18.0
  R...    18.1
  RA...    18.2
  Rb...    18.3
  RC...    18.4
  RD...    18.5
  RE...    18.6
  RF...    18.7
  RGS    18.8
  RH...    18.9
  RI...    18.10
  RL...    18.11
  RM...    18.12
  RN...    18.13
  RO...    18.14
  RP...    18.15
  RQMS    18.16
  RRC...    18.17
  RS...    18.18
  RT...    18.19
  RU...    18.20
  RV    18.21
  RW...    18.22
  Rx.    18.23
  Ry....    18.24

  S    19.0
  S...    19.1
  SA...    19.2
  Sb...    19.3
  SC...    19.4
  SD...    19.5
  SE...    19.6
  SF...    19.7
  S.-G....    19.8
  sh....    19.9
  SI...    19.10
  SJ...    19.11
  Skagerrak...    19.12
  SL...    19.13
  SM...    19.14
  Sn...    19.15
  SO...    19.16
  Sp....    19.17
  sq....    19.18
  SR...    19.19
  SS...    19.20
  St...    19.21
  Suabia...    19.22
  SV...    19.23
  SW...    19.24
  SY...    19.25
  Szczecin...    19.26

  T    20.0
  T...    20.1
  TA...    20.2
  TB...    20.3
  Tc...    20.4
  TD    20.5
  Te...    20.6
  t.g....    20.7
  Th...    20.8
  Ti...    20.9
  TKO    20.10
  Tl...    20.11
  TM...    20.12
  TN...    20.13
  TO...    20.14
  Tpr.    20.15
  Tr....    20.16
  TS...    20.17
  TT...    20.18
  TU...    20.19
  TV...    20.20
  TWA...    20.21
  TX    20.22
  TYC...    20.23
  tzar...    20.24

  U    21.0
  U...    21.1
  UAE...    21.2
  U-boat    21.3
  UC...    21.4
  Udaipur...    21.5
  UEA...    21.6
  UFAW...    21.7
  Uganda...    21.8
  UHF...    21.9
  u.i....    21.10
  UJD    21.11
  UK...    21.12
  Ullswater...    21.13
  Umbala...    21.14
  UN...    21.15
  UP...    21.16
  uraemia...    21.17
  US...    21.18
  UT...    21.19
  UU    21.20
  UV    21.21
  U/W...    21.22
  uxor    21.23
  Uzbekistan    21.24

  V    22.0
  V...    22.1
  VA...    22.2
  vb.    22.3
  VC...    22.4
  VD...    22.5
  VE...    22.6
  v.f.    22.7
  VG...    22.8
  VHF    22.9
  v.i....    22.10
  VJ    22.11
  v.l....    22.12
  v.M....    22.13
  v.n.    22.14
  VO...    22.15
  VP    22.16
  VR...    22.17
  VS...    22.18
  VT...    22.19
  vudu...    22.20
  vv....    22.21
  VW    22.22
  v.y....    22.23

  W    23.0
  W...    23.1
  WA...    23.2
  Wb...    23.3
  WC...    23.4
  WD    23.5
  w/e...    23.6
  WFEO...    23.7
  W.G....    23.8
  Wh...    23.9
  WI...    23.10
  wk.    23.11
  W. long.    23.12
  Wm....    23.13
  WNW    23.14
  WO...    23.15
  WP...    23.16
  WR...    23.17
  WS...    23.18
  WT...    23.19
  wunderkind...    23.20
  WV...    23.21
  w/w    23.22
  WY...    23.23

  X    24.0
  X...    24.1
  Xanthippe...    24.2
  XC...    24.3
  x.d.    24.4
  Xe...    24.5
  x-height...    24.6
  x.i.    24.7
  XL...    24.8
  Xmas    24.9
  Xn....    24.10
  XP    24.11
  X-ray    24.12
  Xt.    24.13
  XX...    24.14
  xylography...    24.15

  Y    25.0
  Y...    25.1
  yacht...    25.2
  YB...    25.3
  YC...    25.4
  yd.    25.5
  Yeames (William Frederick)...    25.6
  Yggdrasil    25.7
  YHA    25.8
  Yiddish...    25.9
  ylang-ylang    25.10
  YMCA...    25.11
  Ynca...    25.12
  yobbo...    25.13
  Ypres    25.14
  Yquem    25.15
  yr....    25.16
  Ysaye (Eugëne)...    25.17
  YT    25.18
  YucatÁn...    25.19
  Yvetot    25.20
  YWCA    25.21

  Z    26.0
  Z...    26.1
  zabaglione...    26.2
  z.B.    26.3
  Zealand...    26.4
  zho...    26.5
  zibet...    26.6
  zloty    26.7
  Zn    26.8
  zo...    26.9
  ZPG    26.10
  Zr    26.11
  Zs    26.12
  zucchetto...    26.13
  Zwingli (Ulrich)    26.14

 FIGURES Figures
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     1.  Meters in English Poetry.   FRONT_4
     2.  Apothecaries signs.   FRONT_4
     3.  Planetary and zodiacal signs.   FRONT_4
     4.  Crosses and ecclesiastical signs.   FRONT_4
     5.  Reference marks.   FRONT_4

 FRONT_1 Conventions used in the Dictionary
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

    The reader will appreciate that in a work of this size a number of special
    conventions are adopted in the interests of saving space. The most
    important of these are listed below.

    1.  highlighting:  Contrasting highlighting has been applied to headwords
        normally to be printed in italics.

    2.  oblique stroke: An oblique stroke (/) is used to mark the end of that
        part of the headword to which highlighted elements introduced with a
        dash or a hyphen later in the same entry should be attached. Thus the
        entry collegi/um, ...pl -a shows that the plural form should be
        collegia, and the inflexions given as gallop/, ...-ed, -er, ing are to
        be understood as galloped, galloper, and galloping

    3.  dash: A dash (--) is used to stand for the repetition of a single word
        already given, and the oblique stroke again marks the end of a common
        element. Use of more than one dash indicates the repetition of a
        corresponding number of words.

    4.  hyphen:  In headwords the hyphen (-) serves two purposes: to indicate
        that a compound is normally hyphenated whenever used, and to introduce
        a further second element to form a compound with a first element
        marked off earlier in the entry by means of an oblique stroke

    5.  Being a dictionary and not a descriptive handbook, this book is
        designed to provide information whenever possible at the point in the
        alphabetical sequence to which the reader may be expected to refer
        with a particular word in mind. The compilers have thought it useful
        however to include general entries on broader aspects of usage,
        especially where this has enabled them to group together
        representative examples of words and uses of which total coverage in
        their respective places in the dictionary is precluded for reasons of
        space. Appended below is a list of longer entries which deal with the
        broader aspects of usage:

            abbreviations and contractions
            -able
            Acts of Parliament
            Arabic
            Assemblies
            astronomy
            authorities
            book sizes
            botany
            BSI
            capitalization
            Chinese
            creole
            date
            decimal currency
            decimal fractions
            diphthongs
            division of words
            Dutch
            edition
            -ei-
            elision
            ellipsis
            footnotes
            fractions
            French
            German
            Greek
            headlines or running titles
            Hebrew
            -ie-
            impression
            imprint
            Italian
            italic
            -ize and -ise
            Japanese
            Latin
            ligature
            -like
            Mac
            manuscript
            mathematics
            names of persons and places
            neo-
            non-
            numerals
            pagination
            poetry
            Polish
            possessive case
            preliminary matter
            proof
            proof-correction marks
            punctuation
            quotation marks
            quotations
            re-
            reference marks
            Russian
            Saint
            SI
            Swedish
            Syriac
            titles (cited)
            US spellings
            well-
            Welsh
            -yse
            zoology

    All dates given in the dictionary are after Christ unless otherwise
    specified.

 FRONT_2 Abbreviations
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

    Abbreviations used regularly in the rulings and explanations are listed
    below; others are given in the dictionary itself. Abbreviations of
    subjects (anthropology, botany, etc.) are also valid for their
    corresponding adjectival forms (anthropological, botanical, etc.).

    abbr.          abbreviation
    absol.         absolute, (used) absolutely
    adj.           adjective
    adv.           adverb
    Afr.           Africa(n)
    Afrik.         Afrikaans
    anat.          anatomy
    anc.           ancient
    anthrop.       anthropology
    apos.          apostrophe
    Arab.          Arabic
    arch.          archaic
    archaeol.      archaeology
    archit.        architecture
    astr.          astronomy
    attrib.        attributive, (used) attributively
    b.             born
    bacteriol.     bacteriology
    bibliog.       bibliography
    bind.          binding
    bot.           botany
    Brit.          British
    c.             century
    c. (italic)    circa
    campan.        campanology
    Can.           Canada, -ian
    cap.           capital
    cc.            centuries
    Ch.            Church
    chem.          chemistry, chemical
    Chin.          China, Chinese
    class.         classical
    collect.       collective(ly)
    colloq.        colloquial(ly)
    comb.          combination, combining
    comp.          computer typesetting
    cook.          cookery
    d.             died
    Dan.           Danish
    dau.           daughter
    d÷p.           d÷partement (Fr.)
    derog.         derogatory
    dress.         dressmaking
    Du.            Dutch
    dyn.           dynamics
    eccl.          ecclesiastical
    elec.          electrical
    esp.           especially
    exclam.        exclamation
    f., fem.       feminine
    fam.           family
    fig.           figurative(ly)
    Fl.            Flemish
    foot.          football
    Fr.            French
    gen.           general
    geog.          geography
    geol.          geology
    geom.          geometry
    Ger.           German
    Gr.            Greek
    gram.          grammar
    her.           heraldry
    hist.          history
    hort.          horticulture
    hunt.          hunting
    Ind.           India(n)
    indep.         independent
    Ins.           Insurance
    Ir.            Irish
    It.            Italian
    ital.          italic
    joc.           jocular(ly)
    Lat.           Latin
    lit.           literary
    liturg.        liturgical, liturgy
    m.             masculine
    mag.           magnetism
    math.          mathematics
    mech.          mechanics
    med.           medicine
    meteor.        meteorology
    mfr.           manufacture
    mil.           military
    mod.           modern
    mt.            mountain
    mus.           music
    myth.          mythology
    n., neut.      neuter
    naut.          nautical
    obs.           obsolete
    off.           official
    orig.          original(ly)
    ornith.        ornithology
    Parl.          Parliament(ary)
    partic.        participle, participial
    path.          pathology
    philos.        philosophy
    photog.        photography
    phys.          physics, physical
    physiol.       physiology
    pl.            plural
    poet.          poetical
    polit.         political
    Port.          Portuguese
    predic.        predicative (used) predicatively
    prep.          preposition
    pron.          pronounced
    propr.         proprietary
    pseud.         pseudonym
    psych.         psychology
    RC(C)          Roman Catholic (Church)
    relig.         religion
    rhet.          rhetoric(al)
    Rom.           Roman
    Russ.          Russian
    s.             small
    S. Afr.        South Africa(n)
    S. Amer.       South America(n)
    Sc.            Scottish
    Scan.          Scandinavian
    sci.           science
    Scrip.         Scripture
    sig.           signature
    sing.          singular
    Skt.           Sanskrit
    Sp.            Spanish
    spec.          specifically
    Swed.          Swedish
    techn.         technical
    theat.         theatre
    theol.         theology
    trop.          tropical
    Turk.          Turkish
    typ.           typography
    US             United States, America(n)
    usu.           usually
    zool.          zoology

 FRONT_3 Proprietary terms
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

    This dictionary includes some words which are or are asserted to be
    proprietary names or trade marks.

    Their inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposes
    a non-proprietary or general significance, nor is any other judgement
    implied concerning their legal status.

    In cases where the compilers have some evidence that a word is used as a
    proprietary name or trade mark this is indicated by the words 'propr.
    term', but no judgement concerning the legal status of such words is made
    or implied thereby.

 FRONT_4 Plates
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

    Figure 5. Reference marks.

 1.0 A
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



 1.1 A...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    A         Advanced (Level examination), ampere, avancer (on timepiece
              regulator), the first in a series; film-censorship
              classification

    A.        Academician, Academy, Acting (rank), alto, amateur, anna,
              answer, artillery, Associate

    a         are (unit of area) (no point in scientific and technical work),
              atto-, year

    a.        accepted (Fr. accept÷, Ger.  acceptiert), on bills of exchange;
              acre, active (in grammar), adjective, anna, area, arrive, (Lat.)
              ante (before)

    a         not an, before all words beginning with a consonant (except
              silent h: e.g. a horse, a hotel; but an heir, an hour) or with a
              vowel that is pronounced with the sound of w or y: e.g. a one, a
              European, a union. Similarly with abbreviations: e.g. an FA Cup
              match, a Unesco post

    ï, ä      in German, Swedish, etc., may not be replaced by Ae, ae (except
              in some proper names), A, a, or ligatured Ae, ae. The first only
              of two vowels takes the umlaut sign, as äu

    ð         öngstræm

    ö         the "Swedish a", used in Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish

    @         at, the "commercial a" used in calculating from prices

    A0        ("A nought" or "A zero"), paper size. See DIN

    A1        first class; see Lloyd's

 1.2 AA...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AA        Advertising Association, Alcoholics Anonymous, anti-aircraft,
              Architectural Association, Associate in Arts, Automobile
              Association; film-censorship classification

    AAA       Amateur Athletic Association, American Automobile Association

    AAC       anno ante Christum (in the year before Christ) (s. caps.)

    Aachen    W. Germany; cf. Aix-la-Chapelle

    AAF       Auxiliary Air Force (till 1957), (US) Army Air Force

    AAG       Assistant Adjutant-General

    AAIA      Associate of the Association of International Accountants

    AAMI      Association of Assistant Mistresses, Incorporated (usu.  called
              AAM). See also IAAM

    A. & M.   (Hymns) Ancient and Modern

    A. & N.   Army and Navy (Stores, Club)

    a.a.O.    (Ger.), am angefâhrten Orte (at the place quoted)

    AAR       against all risks (Ins.)

    aard/vark, -wolf
              different animals (one word)

    Aarhus    Denmark.

    AAS       Academiae Americanae Socius (Fellow of the American Academy of
              Arts and Sciences), Acta Apostolicae Sedis (Acts of the
              Apostolic See), Agnostics' Adoption Society

    AAU       (US), Amateur Athletic Union

 1.3 AB...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AB        Artium Baccalaureus (US Bachelor of Arts); able-bodied (seaman)

    ab        (Lat.), from

    ABA       Amateur Boxing Association, American Bankers' Association,
              American Bar Association, Antiquarian Booksellers' Association,
              Association of British Archaeologists

    ABAA      Associate of British Association of Accountants and Auditors

    abac/us   pl. -uses, counting-frame, (archit.) plate at top of columns

    abalone   shellfish å bas (Fr.), down with

    abattoir  slaughter-house Abb.  (Ger.), Abbildung

    abb.      abbess, abbey, abbot

    Abbasid   Baghdad caliphs, not Abassid

    abb÷      (Fr. m.) eccl. title (not ital.)

    Abbildung/
              (Ger. typ. f.), an illustration (cap.); pl. -en; abbr.  Abb.

    Abbotsinch Airport
              Glasgow

    abbr.     abbreviat/ed, -ion

    abbreviat/e, -or


    abbreviations and contractions
              See the many instances in this book for rulings in individual
              cases.  Subject to these, the following leading types may be
              noted for guidance:

              (a)  Abbreviations with several even full or even small
                   capitals, and acronyms in initial capitals and lower case,
                   take no points (BBC, TUC, MA, QC, NW, OHG, OED, BC, AD,
                   Aslef, Sogat); similarly the numerical abbreviations 8vo,
                   4to, etc., 1st, 2nd, etc., but not initials of personal
                   names (H. G. Wells, G.B.S.).

              (b)  Abbreviations having a single capital letter take full
                   points (J. Austen, five miles S.); but C, F (of
                   temperature) and chemical symbols do not.

              (c)  Abbreviations and contractions in a mixture of upper and
                   lower case take full points (A. & M., M.o.D., B.Litt., Kt.,
                   Sun., Jan., Yorks.); Dr, Revd, Mr, Mrs, Ms, Mme, Mlle, St
                   (Saint), Hants, Northants do not.

              (d)  Single-letter lower-case abbreviations take the full point
                   (l. 5, p. 7, don't be a b. fool); but p (new pence) does
                   not (price 50p).

              (e)  Measures of length, weight, time, etc. take the full point
                   except when used in specialist scientific or technical
                   writing (cm., min., lb.)

    ABC       the alphabet, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, Associated British
              Cinemas, Audit Bureau of Circulations, Australian Broadcasting
              Commission

    ABCA      Army Bureau of Current Affairs, now BCA, Bureau of Current
              Affairs

    ABC Guide

    abdicat/e, -ion, -or


    abecedarian
              (adj.), arranged alphabetically; (noun), person learning
              alphabet

    å Becket (Thomas)
              ?1118-70, Abp.  (one t)

    Abendlied (Ger.), evening song (cap.)

    Aberdeen Angus
              (two caps.)

    Aberdeen terrier
              (one cap.)

    Aberdonian
              (native) of Aberdeen

    Abergavenny
              Gwent

    Abernethy biscuit
              (one cap.)

    Aberystwyth
              Dyfed, not -ith

    abest     (Lat.), he, she, or it, is absent; pl. absunt

    abett/er  in law -or

    ab extra  (Lat.), from outside

    abgk., abk., abgekârzt
              (Ger.) = abbreviated

    Abhandlungen
              (Ger. f. pl.), Transactions (of a Society); abbr.  Abh.

    Abidjan   Ivory Coast

    abigail   lady's maid

    Abilene   Kan., Tex., US

    ab incunabulis
              (Lat.), from the cradle

    Abingdon  Oxon. and Va., US

    Abington  Cambs., Northampton, Strathclyde, Limerick, and Mass., US

    ab/ initio
              (Lat.), from the beginning, abbr. ab init.; -- intra, from
              within

    Abl.      (Sp.), abril (April)

    abl.      ablative

    ablaut    variation in root vowel of a word (e.g. sing, sang, sung)

    -able     (the suffix). Words ending in silent -e tend to drop the e
              before-able, as conceivable, debatable. It is retained when it
              serves to prevent the modification of the preceding consonant,
              as changeable, peaceable. In practice the following words also
              often retain the e: blameable, giveable, hireable, likeable,
              liveable, nameable, rateable, saleable, sizeable, tameable,
              timeable, tuneable, unshakeable. Many verbs of more than two
              syllables ending in -ate drop this ending before -able, as
              alienable, calculable, tolerable. See the list in Hart's Rules,
              p. 83

    able-bodied
              (hyphen)

    ABM       anti-ballistic-missile missile

    A-bomb    atomic bomb (no point, hyphen)

    aboriginal
              (adj.), indigenous (with init. cap., in techn. sense in
              Australia); aborigin/es (pl. noun, for sing. use -al) also with
              init.  cap. in Australia

    ab origine
              (Lat.), from the beginning

    aboul/ia  loss of will-power, not abulia; adj. -ic

    above/-board, -mentioned, -named
              (hyphens)

    ab ovo    (Lat.), from the beginning

    Abp.      Archbishop

    abr.      abridged, abridgement

    abr÷g÷    (Fr. m.), abridgement

    abr÷viation
              (Fr. f.), abbreviation

    abridgement
              abbr. abr.

    abs.      absolute(ly), abstract

    abscess

    Abschnitt/
              (Ger. typ. m.), section, part, chapter, or division (cap.)  pl.
              -e

    absciss/a (math.), pl. -ae

    absente reo
              (Lat.), the defendant being absent; abbr. abs. re.

    absenter  not -or

    absent-minded/
              (hyphen), -ly, -ness

    absinth/  the plant; -e, the liqueur

    absit/    (Lat.), let him, her, or it be absent; -- omen, let there be no
              (ill) omen

    absolute(ly)
              abbr. abs.

    absorption
              not -btion

    abs. re.  absente reo, q.v.

    abstract  abbr. abs.

    absunt    see abest

    Abt.      (Ger.), Abteilung (division)

    abt.      about

    ABTA      Association of British Travel Agents

    Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

    abulia    use aboulia

    ab/ uno disce omnes
              (Lat.), from one (sample) judge the rest; -- urbe condita, AUC
              (but A.U.C. in printing classical Latin texts), from the
              foundation of Rome, 753 BC

    Abu Simbel
              site of Egyptian rock-temples

    abut/, -ment, -ted, -ter
              (law), -ting

    abys/s    deep cavity, -mal

    abyssal   deep in sea; (geol.)  plutonic

    Abyssinia now Ethiopia

 1.4 AC...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AC        Alpine Club, (or A/C) Aircraftman, Assistant Commissioner,
              Athletic Club, Companion of the Order of Australia

    A/C       (current) account; in printing use acct.

    AC        ante Christum (before Christ) (s. caps.)

    Ac        actinium (no point)

    a.c.      alternating current (elec.), author's correction

    ACA       Associate of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England
              and Wales; (or Ireland)

    Academician
              abbr. A.

    Acad÷mie franúaise
              (one cap.)

    Academy   a learned body; abbr. A. or Acad. (cap.)

    Academy (the)
              the Platonic school of philosophy

    Acadian   of Nova Scotia (Fr. Acadie)

    a cappella
              (It.) (mus.), unaccompanied, not alla cappella

    ACAS      Advisory, Conciliation, and Arbitration Service

    ACC       Army Catering Corps

    acc.      acceptance (bill), accusative

    Acca      Israel, use Acre

    Accademia (It.), Academy

    Accadian  use Akkadian

    acced/e, -er


    accedence a giving consent

    accelerando/
              (mus.), accelerating; as noun, pl. -s; abbr. accel.

    accelerat/e, -or


    acceptance
              abbr. acc.

    accept/er in law and science -or

    accessary use accessory

    accessible


    access/it (Lat.), he, she or it, came near; pl. -erunt

    accessory (noun and adj.), use now in all senses, not -ary

    access time
              (computing)

    acciaccatura
              (mus.), a grace-note

    accidence inflexions of words

    accidental
              (mus.)

    accidentally
              not -tly

    accidie, acedia
              listlessness

    acclimatize
              not -ise

    ACCM      Advisory Council for the Church's Ministry (formerly CACTM)

    Acco      Israel, use Acre

    accolade

    accommodat/e, -ion
              (two cs, two ms)

    accompanist
              not -yist

    accouche/ment, ur, -use
              (not ital.)

    account   abbr. A/C; in printing use acct.

    Accountant-General
              abbr. A.-G.

    Accra     Ghana, not Akkra

    acct.     account, or account current

    accumulat/e
              (two cs), -or

    accusative
              abbrs. acc., accus.

    ACE       after Christian (or Common) era (non-Christian usage in place of
              AD)

    ACF       Army Cadet Force

    ACGB      Arts Council of Great Britain

    ACGBI     Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland

    ACGI      Associate of the City and Guilds of London Institute

    Achaemenid
              not Achai-

    Acheson (Dean Gooderham)
              1893-1971, US diplomat

    å cheval  (Fr.), on horseback

    Achilles/' heel
              (apos.); -- tendon (no apos.)

    Achin     Sumatra, Indonesia, not Atchin

    Achnashellach
              Highland

    achy      (adj.), not achey

    ACI       Army Council Instruction

    ACIA      Associate of the Corporation of Insurance Agents

    ACIB      Associate of the Corporation of Insurance Brokers

    acid rain (two words)

    ACII      Associate of the Chartered Insurance Institute

    ACIS      Associate of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and
              Administrators

    acknowledgement
              not -ledgment

    ACMA      Associate of the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants

    acolyte   not -ite

    acoustics (noun sing.) the science of sound, (noun pl.) acoustic
              properties

    ACP       Associate of the College of Preceptors; Association of Clinical
              Pathologists; Association of Correctors of the Press, now part
              of NGA, q.v.

    acquit/, -tal
              (verdict), -tance (settlement of debt)

    Acre      Israel, not Acca, Acco

    acre      abbr. a.

    acriflavine
              an antiseptic, not -n

    Acrilan   propr. term (cap.)

    acronym   word formed from initials, as Anzac, q.v.

    acrylic   (chem.)

    ACS       Association of Commonwealth Students

    ACSA      Associate of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and
              Administrators

    ACT       Australian Capital Territory

    act.      active

    Actaeon   a mythical hunter

    ACTH      adrenocorticotrophic hormone

    actini/a  (zool.), pl. -ae

    actinium  symbol Ac

    actinomy/ces
              (bot.), pl. -cetes

    actionnaire
              (Fr. m.), a shareholder

    active    abbrs. a., act.

    actor     (person), but one-acter (play)

    acts of a play
              (typ.), cap. A only when number follows, as Hamlet, Act I, sc.
              ii. See also authorities

    Acts of Parliament
              (cap. A), cited thus: Factory and Workshop Act, 1891; use arabic
              numerals for chapter numbers in Public (General) and Private
              Acts (e.g. 3 & 4 Geo.  V, c. 12, ss. 18, 19) and lower-case
              roman numerals in Public (Local) Acts (e.g. 3 & 4 Geo. V, c.
              xii, ss. 18, 19). See also Hart's Rules, p. 53

    Acts of Sederunt
              (Scots law)

    Acts of the Apostles
              abbr. Acts

    ACTT      Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians

    actualit÷ (Fr. f.), present state

    actuel/   (Fr.), fem. -le, present

    ACW       Aircraftwoman

 1.5 AD...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AD        (anno Domini) should always be placed before the numerals; BC
              after (s. caps.)

    ad        advertisement (no point)

    ad.       adapted, adapter

    a.d.      after date

    a.d.      ante diem (before the day)

    adagio/   (mus.), slow; as noun, pl.  -s

    Adams (John)
              1735-1826, US statesman, President 1797-1801; -- (John Quincy),
              his son, 1767-1848, President 1825-9

    Adam's Peak
              Sri Lanka

    adapt/able, -er
              (person), -or (device)

    a dato    (Lat.), from date

    ADC       aide-de-camp

    ad captandum vulgus
              (Lat.), to catch the rabble, claptrap

    Addams (Charles Samuel)
              1912-88, US cartoonist; -- (Jane), 1860-1935, US social worker
              and writer

    addend/um something to be added; pl. -a (not ital.)

    addio     (It.), goodbye

    Addis Ababa
              capital of Ethiopia

    additive  (something) in the nature of an addition

    addorsed  (her.), not adorsed, adossed

    Addressograph
              propr. term for addressing-machine (cap.)

    adducible not -eable

    Adelie/ Land
              Antarctica; -- penguin

    Adenauer (Konrad)
              1876-1967, German statesman, Chancellor of W. Germany 1949-63

    ad eundem (gradum)
              (Lat.), to the same degree at another university

    å deux/   (Fr.), of (or between) two; -- -- temps (see valse)

    ad/ extra (Lat.), in an outward direction; -- extremum, to the last; --
              finem, near the end, abbr.  ad fin.; -- hanc vocem, at this
              word; -- hoc, for this (purpose); -- hominem, to the (interests
              of the) man, personal; -- hunc locum, on this passage, abbr.
              a.h.l.; -- idem, to the same (point)

    adieu/    pl. -s (not ital.)

    ad/ infinitum
              (Lat.), to infinity; -- interim, meanwhile, abbr. ad int.

    adi×s     (Sp.), goodbye

    Adirondack Mountains
              (US), not -dac

    Adj.      Adjutant

    Adj.-Gen. Adjutant-General

    adjectiv/e
              abbr. a., adj.; -al, -ally

    adjudicator
              not -er

    adjutage  a nozzle, not aj-

    Adjutant/ abbr. Adj. (rank, cap.); ---General, abbr. A.-G. or Adj.  Gen.

    adjuvant

    Adler (Alfred)
              1870-1937, Austrian psychologist

    ad lib    (adv., noun, and verb)

    ad/ libitum
              (Lat.), at pleasure; -- litem, appointed for a lawsuit

    ad locum  (Lat.), at the place, abbr.  ad loc. (not ital.)

    Adm.      Admiral, Admiralty

    adman     (one word)

    admin     short for administration (no point)

    administrable
              not -atable

    administrat/or
              abbr. admor.; -rix, abbr. admix.

    Admiral   in Fr. amir/al, pl. -aux; abbr. Adm.

    Admiralty, the
              abbr. Adm.; see M.o.D.

    admiration (note of)
              exclamation mark, ! See punctuation VII

    ad misericordiam
              (Lat.), appealing to pity

    admiss/ible
              not -able, but admittable

    admix.    administratrix

    ad modum  (Lat.), after the manner of

    admonitor/
              not -er; -y

    admor.    administrator

    ad nauseam
              (Lat.), to a sickening degree

    ado       work, trouble (one word)

    adobe      (Sp.), sun-dried brick

    Adonai    (Heb.), the Lord

    Adonais   Keats, in Shelley's elegy, 1821

    Adonis    (myth.), beloved of Venus

    adopter   not -or

    adorable  not -eable

    adorsed, adossed
              use addorsed

    ADP       automatic data processing

    ad/ personam
              (Lat.), personal; -- referendum, for further consideration; --
              rem, to the point

    adrenalin not -ine

    adresse   (Fr. f.), address

    Adrianople
              now Edirne

    å droite  (Fr.), to the right

    adscriptus glebae
              (Lat.), bound to the soil (of serfs)

    adsorb, adsorption
              condensing, condensation, of gases etc. on surface of solid;
              adsorbent

    adsum     (Lat.), I am present

    adulator  not -er

    ad/ unguem
              (Lat.), perfectly; -- unum omnes, all, to a man; -- usum,
              according to custom, abbr. ad us.

    adv.      adverb, -ially, advocate

    adv.      adversus (against)

    ad valorem
              (Lat.), according to value; abbr. ad val.

    adverb/, -ially
              abbr. adv.

    ad verbum (Lat.), to a word, verbatim

    adversus  (Lat.), against; abbr. adv.

    advertise not -ize

    advertisement
              abbr. ad, or advt., pl. ads, or advts.advis/e, not -ize; -able,
              not eable

    advis/er  not -or; -ory

    ad/ vitam aut culpam
              (Lat.), for lifetime or until fault; -- vivum, lifelike

    advocaat  liqueur

    advocate  abbr. adv.

    Advocates (Faculty of)
              the Bar of Scotland

    advocatus diaboli
              (Lat.), devil's advocate (q.v.) (not ital.)

    advt/., -s.
              advertisement, -s

 1.6 A.E....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    A.E.      or AE, pseud. of George Russell (1867-1935)

    ô         in numismatics = copper

    AEA       Atomic Energy Authority

    AEC       Army Educational Corps (now RAEC), (US) Atomic Energy Commission
              (since 1975 ERDA)

    aedile    not e-

    AEF       Amalgamated Union of Engineering and Foundry Workers

    Aegean Sea
              the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey

    aegis     a shield, protection, not e-

    aegrot/at he, she, is ill (certificate that exam. candidate is ill, or
              degree thus awarded); pl. -ant

    AEI       Associated Electrical Industries

    Aemilius

    Aeneas;   Aeneid

    Aeolian, Aeolic
              (caps.), not E-

    aeon      not eon

    aepyornis (zool.), not epi-, epy-

    aequales  (Lat.) equal (pl. adj.), (pl. noun) equals (in age or
              performance); abbr. aeq.

    AERA      Associate Engraver, Royal Academy

    aer/ate   etc., -ial, -ify,-obic, -onaut, not aê-

    AERE      Atomic Energy Research Establishment

    aerie     use eyrie

    aerodrome (US and increasingly Brit., airfield)

    aerodynamics
              (one word)

    aero/-elastic, -engine
              (hyphens)

    aerofoil  (one word)

    aeronaut/, -ical


    aeroplane tending to be superseded by aircraft in some contexts

    aerosol

    aerospace (one word)

    Aeschylus 525-456 BC, Greek playwright

    Aesculapi/us
              Latin form of the Greek god Asclepius (q.v.); -an, not E-

    Aesop     6th c. BC, Greek fable-writer

    aesthete  etc., not e-

    aestiv/al, -ation
              not e-

    aet. or aetat.
              anno aetatis suae (of age, aged)

    aetheling use atheling

    aether    in all meanings use e-

    aetiology not e-

    Aetna     use Etna

    AEU       Amalgamated Engineering Union

 1.7 AF...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AF        audio frequency

    AFA       Associate of the Faculty of Actuaries

    Afars and Issas (French Territory of the)
              formerly Fr. Somaliland, now Jibuti

    AFAS      Associate of the Faculty of Architects and Surveyors

    AFC       Air Force Cross, Association Football Club

    aff.      affirmative, affirming

    affaire/ d'amour
              (Fr. f.), love-affair; -- (de coeur), affair of the heart; --
              d'honneur, duel

    affair÷   (Fr.), busy (accent)

    affenpinscher
              dog (not ital.)

    affettuoso
              (mus.), with feeling

    affidavit abbr. afft.

    affranchise
              not -ize

    afft.     affidavit

    Afghan    (hound); afghan (blanket or shawl)

    Afghanistan
              abbr. Afghan.

    aficionado/
              (Sp.), enthusiast for sport or hobby; pl. -s

    afield    (one word)

    AFM       Air Force Medal

    å fond/   (Fr.), thoroughly; -- de train, at full speed

    aforethought
              (one word)

    a fortiori
              (Lat.), with stronger reason, not å -- (ital.)

    Afr.      Africa, -n

    A.F.R.Ae.S.
              Associate Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society

    Africander
              use Afrikander or Afrikaner

    Afridi    tribe of Cent. Asia

    Afrikaans S. African Dutch language, abbr. Afrik.

    Afrikander
              S. African breed of cattle or sheep

    Afrikaner Afrikaans-speaking white S. African; formerly Africander

    afterbirth
              (one word)

    after/-care, -effect
              (hyphens)

    afternoon abbr. aft. or p.m.

    aftershave
              (one word)

    afterthought
              (one word)

    AFV       armoured fighting vehicle

 1.8 AG...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AG        Air Gunner, (Ger.)  Aktiengesellschaft (joint-stock company)

    A.-G.     Accountant-General, Adjutant-General, Agent-General (of
              Colonies), Attorney-General

    Ag        argentum (silver) (no point)

    Agadah    use Haggadah

    Aga Khan  leader of Ismaili Muslims

    agape     love-feast, divine love

    å gauche  (Fr.), to the left

    age-group (hyphen)

    ageing    not agi-

    agend/a   "things to be done", freq.  list of items for consideration: in
              this sense pl. -as

    agent     abbr. agt.

    Agent-General
              abbr. A.-G.

    agent provocateur
              (Fr.) (ital.); pl.  -ts -rs

    ages      (typ.), to be printed in numerals; but "he died in his fortieth
              year", and, in literary contexts, "a man of forty"

    aggiornamento
              (It.), bringing up to date

    aggrandize
              not -ise

    agitato   (mus.), hurried

    agitat/or not -er

    AGM       Annual General Meeting

    agnostic/, -ism
              (not cap.)

    agonize   not -ise

    agouti    S. American rodent, not -y, aguti

    AGR       advanced gas-cooled reactor

    agreeable in Fr. agr÷able

    agric.    agricultur/e, -al,-ist

    agriculturist
              not -alist

    agrimony  (bot.)

    agronomy  rural economy

    AGSM      Associate of the Guildhall School of Music

    agt.      agent

    Agulhas   Cape (S. Africa), not L'A-

    aguti     use agouti

 1.9 AH...
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    AH        anno Hegirae, the Muslim era (s.  caps.). See also hegira

    ah        when it stands alone, takes an exclamation mark (!). When it
              forms part of a sentence it is usually followed by a comma, the
              ! being placed at the end of the sentence:  as "Ah, no, it
              cannot be!"

    AHA       Area Health Authority

    aha       exclam. of surprise. See also haha

    ahimsa    (Skt.), non-violence

    a.h.l.    ad hunc locum (on this passage)

    Ahmad/abad, -nagar
              India, not Ahmed-, Amed-

    Ahmadu Bello University
              Nigeria

    AHMI      Association of Headmistresses, Incorporated. See also IAHM

    å huis clos
              (Fr.), in private

    Ahura-Mazda
              use Ormuzd

    a.h.v.    ad hanc vocem (at this word)

 1.10 AI...
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    AI        American Institute, Anthropological Institute, artificial
              insemination

    AIA       Associate of the Institute of Actuaries, American Institute of
              Architects

    AIAA      Architect Member of the Incorporated Association of Architects
              and Surveyors

    AIAC      Associate of the Institute of Company Accountants

    AIAS      Surveyor Member of the Incorporated Association of Architects
              and Surveyors

    AIB       Associate of the Institute of Bankers

    AICC      All India Congress Committee

    AICS      Associate of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers

    AID       Army Intelligence Department; artificial insemination by donor

    Aida      opera by Verdi, 1871 (no diaeresis)

    aide-de-camp
              abbr. ADC; pl. aides -de-camp

    aide-m÷moire
              (Fr. m.), aid to memory; pl. aides---

    Aids      acquired immune deficiency syndrome

    aigrette  a spray, not ei-, -et (see also egret)

    AIH       artificial insemination by husband

    Ailesbury (Marquess of)
              (see also Ayl-)

    A.I.Loco.E.
              Associate of the Institute of Locomotive Engineers

    A.I.Mech.E.
              Associate of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers

    A.I.Min.E.
              Associate of the Institution of Mining Engineers

    AIMM      Associate of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy

    AIMTA     Associate of the Institute of Municipal Treasurers and
              Accountants

    Ain       d÷p. France

    aín/÷     (Fr.), fem. -÷e, elder, senior; opposed to puín÷, fem.  puín÷e,
              or cadet/, -te, younger

    A.Inst.P. Associate of the Institute of Physics

    AIQS      Associate of the Institute of Quantity Surveyors

    air/-bed, -blast
              (hyphens)

    airborne  (one word)

    airbus    (one word)

    Air Commodore
              abbr. Air Cdre. See also Commodore

    air-conditioning
              (hyphen)

    aircraft/ sing. and pl. (one word); -carrier (hyphen)

    aircraft/man, -woman
              not aircrafts- (one word)

    Airedale/ W. Yorks., and terrier; -- (Baron)

    air/field, -flow
              (one word)

    Air Force see Navy

    airgun    (one word)

    Air Gunner
              abbr. AG

    airlift, airline, airmail
              (no hyphens)

    Air Ministry
              see M.o.D.

    Air (Point of)
              Clwyd. See also Ayre

    airport   (one word)

    air raid  (two words)

    airship, airsick, airspace, airtight
              (one word)

    air-to-air
              (adj., hyphens)

    airworthy (adj.), of aircraft (one word)

    AISA      Associate of the Incorporated Secretaries Association

    Aisne     d÷p. France

    ait       islet, not eyot (cap. when part of name)

    aitchbone (one word), not H-, edge-

    Aix-la-Chapelle
              (hyphens), properly Aachen

    Aix-les-Bains
              (hyphens)

 1.11 Ajaccio...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Ajaccio   Corsica

    Ajax      pl. Ajaxes

    ajutage   use adj-

 1.12 AK...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AK        Alaska (off. postal abbr.), Knight of the Order of Australia

    AKC       Associate of King's College (London)

    akimbo    (one word)

    Akkadian  not Acc-

    Akkra     Ghana, use Accra

    Aktiengesellschaft
              (Ger. f.), joint-stock company; abbr. AG

 1.13 AL...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AL        Alabama (off. postal abbr.), autograph letter

    Al        aluminium (no point)

    ALA       Associate of the Library Association

    Ala.      Alabama (off. abbr.)

    å la carte
              (a meal) that must be ordered from a wide range of available
              dishes (not ital.). See also table d'hõte

    Aladdin   not Alladin

    å la mode in fashion (not ital.)

    Alanbrooke (Viscount)
              (one word)

    ðland Islands
              Baltic Sea

    å la page (Fr.), up to date

    alarm/    not alarum except in alarums and excursions; -- clock (two
              words)

    å la russe
              in the Russian style (not cap.)

    Alas.     Alaska

    alas      when it stands alone, takes an exclamation mark (!). When it
              forms part of a sentence it is usually followed by a comma, the
              ! being placed at the end of the sentence:  as "Alas, it is
              true!"

    Alaska (baked)
              (cap.)

    Alb.      Albanian

    Alba.     Alberta, use Alta.

    Alban.    formerly signature of Bp. of St Albans (full point); now St
              Albans: (colon)

    albedo/   fraction of radiation reflected; pl. -s

    Albee (Edward)
              b. 1928, US playwright

    Albigens/es
              Manichaean sect; adj.  -ian

    albin/o   pl. -os, fem. -ess; -ism, not -oism; -otic (adj.)

    Albrighton
              Shropshire

    album/en  natural white of egg; -in, its chief constituent; adj. -inous

    Albuquerque
              New Mexico, US

    Albury    Herts., Oxon., Surrey

    Alcaeus of Mytilene
              (b. c.620 BC), Greek lyric poet

    alcaic    metre

    alcalde   (in Spain) magistrate, mayor

    Alcatraz  US prison, San Francisco Bay, Calif.

    alcayde   (Sp. alcaide), governor, gaoler

    alcÁzar   (Sp.), palace, fortress, bazaar

    Alceste   opera by Gluck, 1767

    Alcestis, Alcibiades
              not Alk-

    ALCM      Associate of the London College of Music

    Alcoran   use Koran

    Alcyone   (myth.), not Hal-

    Aldborough
              Norfolk, N. Yorks.

    Aldbrough Humberside

    Aldbury   Herts.

    Aldeburgh Suffolk

    al dente  (It.), cooked but not soft

    Alderbury Wilts.

    Alderman  abbr. Ald.

    Aldermaston
              Berks.

    Alderney  Channel Islands; in Fr.  Aurigny

    Aldine    (adj.), printed by Manutius, q.v., who introduced italic type

    Aldis lamp
              a hand lamp for signalling

    Aldsworth Gloucester, W. Sussex

    Aldus Manutius
              printer, see Manutius

    Aldworth  Berks.

    Alecto    (myth.), one of the Furies

    alehouse  (one word)

    Alenúon lace
              (ú)

    aleph     (Heb.), see accents

    Aleutian Islands
              Bering Sea

    A level   examination (no hyphen)

    alexandrine
              metre

    ALF       Automatic Letter Facer

    Alfa-Romeo
              Italian make of car

    Alford    Grampian, Lincs., Som.

    Alfred    abbr. A. or Alf.

    alfresco  (adj. and adv.), one word

    Alfreton  Derby.

    Alg.      Algernon, Algiers

    alg/a     (bot.), pl. -ae (not ital.)

    Algarve (the)
              Portugal

    algebra   abbr. alg. See also mathematics

    ALGOL     (comp.), Algorithmic Language

    algology  (hot.)

    Algonqui/an
              of a large group of N.  Amer. Indian tribes; -n, of one people
              in this group; not -nki-

    alguazil  (in Spain) a constable

    Alhambra  Moorish palace at Granada; adj. Alhambresque

    alia      (Lat. pl.), other things

    alias/    (noun), pl. -es; also adv.

    alibi/    (noun), pl. -s

    alienator not -er

    Aligarh   Uttar Pradesh, India

    Alighieri family name of Dante

    align/, -ment
              not aline

    alii      (Lat. pl.), other people

    alimentative/, -ness
              not alimentive, -ness

    aline     use align

    alin÷a    (Fr. m.), paragraph

    Alipore   India

    Alipur    India and Pakistan

    Alitalia  Italian airline

    ali/us    (Lat. m.), another person; pl. -i

    Aliwal    E. Punjab, India, also S.  Africa

    alkali/   pl. -s

    alkalize  not -ise

    Alkestis, Alkibiades
              use Alc-

    Alkoran   use Koran

    alla breve
              (mus.), 2 or 4 minims in bar

    alla cappella
              (mus.), use a cappella

    Alladin   use Aladdin

    Allahabad Uttar Pradesh, India

    Allah il Allah
              corruption of Arab.  la ilaha illa'llah, There is no god but God
              (Muslim prayer and war-cry)

    Allan-a-Dale
              minstrel hero

    allargando
              (mus.), broad, spread out

    all÷e     (Fr. f.), alley, avenue

    Allegheny mountains and river, US; but Allegany, Pittsburgh, Pa.

    allegretto/
              (mus.), fairly brisk; as noun, pl. -s

    allegro/  (mus.), brisk, merry; as noun, pl. -s

    allele    alternative genetic character, not -l

    alleluia  Lat. form (also liturgical) for Heb. (and biblical) hallelujah

    allemande Ger. dance

    Allendale Northumb.

    Allen (George) & Unwin, Ltd.
              publishers

    Allen (W. H.) & Co., Ltd.
              publishers

    allerg/y, -ic
              sensitive(ness) to certain foods, pollens, etc.

    alleviator
              not -er

    Alleynian member of Dulwich College

    All Fools' Day
              (caps., no hyphen)

    allg., allgm., allgemein
              (Ger.), general (adj.)

    All-Hallows
              All Saints' Day, 1 Nov.  (caps., hyphen)

    Allhallows
              Kent (one word)

    allineation
              not alin-

    Allingham (Margery)
              1904-66, English novelist

    allodium  estate held in absolute ownership, not alo-

    allons!   (Fr.), let us go!, come!

    allot/, -ment, -table, -ted, -ting


    all' ottava
              (mus.), an octave higher than written; abbr. all' ott.

    all right not alright, all-right

    all round ("all round the Wrekin"), prep.

    all-round ("an all-round man"), adj.

    All/ Saints' Day
              1 Nov.; -- Souls College, Oxford (no apos.); -- Souls' Day, 2
              Nov.; -- Souls' Eve, 1 Nov. (caps., no hyphens)

    allspice  (one word)

    all together
              (in a body); but altogether (entirely)

    alluvi/um pl. -a

    Alma-Ata  cap. of Kazakh Rep., USSR

    Alma Mater
              fostering mother, one's school or university

    almanac   but "Oxford", also "Whitaker's", Almanack

    Alma-Tadema (Sir Lawrence)
              1836-1912, Dutch-born English painter

    Almighty (the)
              (cap.)

    Almondbury
              W. Yorks.

    Almondsbury
              Avon

    Alnmouth  Northumb.

    Alnwick   Northumb.

    alodium   use allodium

    A.L.O.E.  A Lady of England (Charlotte M. Tucker, 1821-93)

    å l'outrance
              should be å outrance, to the bitter end

    ALP       Australian Labor Party

    Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
              d÷p. France (hyphens)

    Alpes-Maritimes
              d÷p. France; abbr.  A.M.

    Alphaeus  Apostle James's father

    alphanumeric
              (comp.), of instructions containing alphabetic, numerical, and
              other characters (one word)

    alpha/ particle, -- ray
              (two words)

    alright   use all right

    ALS       Associate of the Linnean Society; autograph letter signed

    Alsace-Lorraine


    Alsirat   (Arab.), bridge to paradise

    alt       (mus.), high note

    alt.      alternative, altitude

    Alta.     Alberta, Canada, not Alba.

    alter/ ego
              (Lat.), one's second self, pl. -- egos; -- idem, another self

    Altesse   (Fr. f.), Altezza (It.), Highness

    Althing   the Icelandic parliament

    Althorpe  Humberside

    Althorp Library
              and Park (Northants)

    altitude  abbr. alt.

    alto/     (mus.), pl. -s; abbr. A.

    altogether
              see all together

    alto-relievo/
              high relief; pl. -s; Anglicized version of It. alto rilievo

    aluminium symbol Al (no point); US aluminum

    alumn/us  pl. -i, fem. -a, pl. -ae; abbr. alum.

 1.14 AM...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AM        Air Ministry, Albert Medal, amplitude modulation, Artium
              Magister (US Master of Arts); Ave Maria (Hail, Mary!) (caps.):
              Member of the Order of Australia

    A.-M.     d÷p. France, Alpes-Maritimes

    AM        anno mundi (in the year of the world) (s. caps.)

    Am        americium (no point)

    Am.       American

    a.m.      (Lat.), ante meridiem (before noon) (lower case, points)

    AMA       Assistant Masters' Association, officially IAAM; American
              Medical Association

    amah      child's nurse (in Far East)

    Amalek    not -ech, -eck

    amanuens/is
              pl. -es

    amateur   abbr. A.

    Ambala    India, not Umbal(l)a

    ambassad/or
              fem. -ress

    ambassy   use embassy

    ambergris waxy substance used in perfumery

    ambiance  French spelling of ambience (q.v.), used in English esp. of
              accessory details in a work of art

    ambidextrous
              not -erous

    ambienc/e the surroundings (not -y). See also ambiance

    ambivalen/t, -ce


    amblyop/ia
              impaired vision; adj.  -ic

    Amboina   Indon., properly Ambon, not Amboyna

    amboyna   (wood)

    ambry     use aumbry

    AMDG      ad majorem Dei gloriam (for the greater glory of God)

    çme damn÷e
              (Fr.), a "cat's paw", devoted adherent

    Amedabad  Amednagar, India, use Ahmad-

    Ameer     use Amir for Arabic, Emir for Turkish and Indian titles

    amend     to correct an error, make minor improvements. See also emend

    amende honorable
              (Fr. f.), honourable reparation

    a mensa et toro
              (Lat.), from bed and board, a legal separation, not -- -- --
              thoro

    Amer.     American

    Americanize
              not -ise

    American spellings
              see US spellings

    America's Cup (the)
              yachting trophy

    americium symbol Am

    Amerindian
              American Indian

    Á merveille
              (Fr.), perfectly, wonderfully

    AMG(OT)   Allied Military Government (of Occupied Territory) (Second World
              War)

    Amharic   official lang. of Ethiopia

    amicus curiae
              (Lat.), a friend of the Court, a disinterested adviser; pl.
              amici --

    amidships not -ship (one word)

    amino acid
              (chem., two words)

    Amir      Arab. title, not Ameer. See also Emir

    Amis (Kingsley)
              b. 1922, English writer

    Ammal     (Ind.), suffix used to indicate that a name belongs to a woman,
              e.g. Dr E. K. Janaki Ammal

    Amman     Jordan

    Ammergau  Bavaria

    ammeter   for measuring electric current

    amoeb/a   pl. -as (not ital.)

    å moiti÷  (Fr.), half

    amok      not amuck

    Amoor     use Amur

    amortize  not -ise

    amour propre
              (Fr.), self-respect, proper pride

    amp       ampere

    Ampëre (Andr÷ Marie)
              1775-1836, French physicist (accent)

    ampere    elec. unit of current (no accent), abbr. A (sing. and pl.) or
              amp (no point)

    ampersand = &, may be used in names of firms as Smith & Co., and in Acts
              of Parliament, q.v. In general use and. For &c. use etc.

    amphetamine
              (med.)

    amphibian (zool.) member of the Amphibia; vehicle adapted for land and
              water

    amphor/a  a jar; pl. -ae

    ampoule   glass container for hypodermic dose

    Amritsar  India, not Umritsur

    amt.      amount

    amuck     use amok

    Amundsen (Roald)
              1872-1928, Norwegian explorer; S. Pole, 1911

    Amur      Siberia, not -oor

    amygdalin/
              not -e

 1.15 AN...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AN        Anglo-Norman, autograph note

    an        see a, not an

    an        (arch. or dial.), if (so spelt)

    ana/      sayings, collective pl.; or sing. with pl. -s

    -ana      suffix denoting anecdotes or other publications concerning, as
              Shakespeariana, Victoriana

    anacoluth/on
              (gram.), pl. -a, not -outhon,-kolouthon, -koluthon

    Anacreon/ 6th c. BC, Greek poet; abbr. Anacr.

    anacreontic
              metre

    anaemi/a, -c


    anaerob/e,-ic


    anaesthetize
              not -ise

    anal.     analog/y, -ous, analys/e, -er, -is, analytic, -al

    analogous abbr. anal.

    analys/e, -er, -is
              pl. -es; abbr.  anal.

    analystanalytic/, -al;
              abbr. anal.

    Anam      use Annam

    anamorphos/is
              pl. -es

    anapaest  foot of three syllables (See Figure 1 in topic FRONT_4)

    anastase  use anatase

    anastomos/is
              communication by cross-connections; pl. -es;-ist

    anat.     anatom/y, -ical

    anatase   a mineral, not anastase

    anathema/ a curse, pl. -s;-tize

    anatomize dissect, not -ise

    anatom/y, -ical, -ist;
              abbr. anat.

    anatta    (bot.), use annatto

    anc.      ancient

    ancest/or fem. -ress, not -rix

    anchor/ite
              hermit, not -et; adj.  -etic

    anchylosis
              use ank-

    ancien r÷gime
              (Fr. m.), the old order of things

    ancient   abbr. anc.

    Ancient Mariner (Rime of the)
              by S. T. Coleridge, 1798

    Ancient Order of Druids
              abbr. AOD; -- -- -- Foresters, AOF; -- -- -- Hibernians, AOH

    and       (gram.). Where and joins two or more subjects in the singular
              number the verb must be in the pl., e.g. Jack and Jill are
              going. Where and joins two single words the comma is generally
              omitted. Where and joins the last two words of a list a comma
              should precede it; e.g. black, white, and green. See also
              ampersand

    Andalusia Spain; in Sp. AndalucÂa

    andante   (mus.), moving easily, steadily

    andantino/
              (mus.), rather quicker (formerly slower) than andante; as noun,
              pl. -s

    Andersen (Hans Christian)
              1805-75, Danish story-teller

    Andhra Pradesh
              Indian state

    and/or    signifying either or both of the stated alternatives

    Andrea del Sarto
              1486-1531, Italian painter

    Androcles not -kles

    aneurysm  not -ism

    Angeles (Victoria de los)
              b. 1923, Spanish soprano

    Angelico (Fra)
              1387-1455, Italian painter

    anglais/  (Fr.), fem. -e, English (not cap.); but Anglais/, -e,
              Englishman, Englishwoman

    Anglesey  Wales, not -ea; in Welsh Ynys Mon

    Anglesey (Marquess of)


    anglice   in English (no accent); abbr. angl.

    Anglicize not -ise (cap.)

    Anglo/-French
              abbr AF; ---Norman, abbr. AN; ---Saxon, abbr. AS

    Angora    Turkey, now Ankara

    ðngstrom (A. J.)
              1814-74, Swedish physicist

    öngstræm  unit of length; abbr. ð

    Angst     (Ger. f.), fear, anxiety

    aniline   source of dyes. Also adj.

    animalcule/
              pl. -s, not -ae

    animalcul/um
              pl. -a

    anim÷     W. Ind. resin (not ital.)

    anim÷     (Fr., mus.), animated

    anion     (elec.), ion carrying negative charge of electricity

    Ankara    Turkey, formerly Angora

    ankylos/is
              fusion of bones, not anch-; pl. -es

    Anmerkung/
              (Ger. f.), a note (cap.); pl. -en; abbr. Anm.

    ann.      annals, anni (years), anno, annual

    anna/     pl. -s, formerly 16 to rupee, now replaced by decimal coinage
              (Ind. and Pak.); abbr. a.

    annales   (Fr. pl. f), annals; abbr.  ann.

    annals    abbr. ann.

    Annam     not Anam, formerly kingdom within Fr. Indo-China, now merged in
              Vietnam

    Annan     Dumfries & Galloway

    Ann Arbor Mich., US

    annatto   (bot.), orange-red dye, not an-, -a

    Anne of Cleves
              1515-57, fourth wife of Henry VIII of England

    Anne of Geierstein
              by Sir W. Scott, 1829

    Anne (Queen)
              1702-14, b. 1665

    Anne (Saint)


    annex     verb; annexe, noun

    anno/     (Lat.), in the year, abbr.  ann.; -- aetatis suae, aged, abbr.
              aet., or aetat.; -- Hegirae (Muslim era), abbr. AH (s. caps.);
              -- mundi, in the year of the world, abbr. AM (s. caps.); all
              three abbrs. to be placed before the numerals

    Anno Domini
              abbr. AD (s. caps.)

    annonce   (Fr. f), advertisement

    annotat/ed, -or
              not -er; abbr.  annot.

    annual    abbr. ann.

    annul/ar  ringlike; -ate,-ated, -et, -oid

    ann/us    (Lat.), year; pl. -i; -us mirabilis, remarkable year

    anonymous abbr. anon.

    Anouilh (Jean)
              1910-88, French playwright

    anschluss union (cap. A in Ger.)

    answer    abbr. A. or ans.

    Ant.      Anthony, Antigua

    ant.      antonym

    Antaeus

    antagonize
              not -ise

    Antananarivo
              Madagascar

    Antarctic/, -a


    ante      (not ital.), stake in card-game

    ante/     (Lat.), before; -- bellum, before the war

    antechamber
              not anti-

    ante diem (Lat.), before the day; abbr. a.d.

    antediluvian
              (one word)

    antemeridian
              (one word)

    ante meridiem
              (Lat.), before noon; abbr. a.m.

    ante-mortem
              (adj., hyphen)

    antenatal (one word)

    antenn/a  (zool.), pl. -ae; (US) radio, pl. -as

    ante-post in racing (hyphen)

    ante-room (hyphen)

    Anthony   Anglicized from Lat.  Antonius (NB Antony and Cleopatra); abbr.
              Ant.

    anthropolog/y, -ical;
              abbr. anthrop.

    anthropomorphize
              not -ise

    anthropophag/us
              (noun), cannibal; pl. -i; adj. -ous

    antichamber
              use ante-

    Antichrist
              (cap.), but antichristian

    anticline (geol.)

    anticlockwise
              (one word)

    antifreeze
              (one word)

    Antigua   abbr. Ant.

    anti-hero principal character lacking traditional heroic qualities

    antilogarithm
              (one word), abbr.  antilog

    antimatter
              (one word)

    antimony  symbol Sb

    antinomy  conflict of authority

    antiparticle
              (one word)

    antipathize
              not -ise

    antiq.    antiquar/y, -ian

    antiqs.   antiquities

    Antiqua   (Ger. typ. f.), roman type (cap.)

    antique paper
              a moderately bulky, opaque book paper with roughish surface

    antisabbatarian


    anti-Semit/e
              (hyphen, one cap.); adj. -ic; noun -ism

    antistrophe
              stanza corresponding to the strophe in Greek dramatic chorus

    antistrophon
              (rhetoric), a retort

    antitetanus
              (adj., one word)

    antithes/is
              pl. -es

    antithesize
              not -ise

    antitoxin (one word)

    antitype  not ante-; that which corresponds to the type

    Antony    see Anthony

    antonym   a word of opposite meaning; abbr. ant.

    antrycide (against tsetse fly), not -tri-

    Anvers    Fr. for Antwerp, Belgium, in Fl. Antwerpen

    Anwick    Lincs.

    anybody   any person

    any body  any group of persons

    any/how, -one, -thing, -where
              (one word)

    any one   (person, thing), when each word to retain its meaning (see
              Hart's Rules, p. 77)

    anyway    one word in conventional sense, but note you can do it any way
              you like (two words)

    Anzac     Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (First World War)

    Anzeige/  (Ger. f.), notice, advertisement; pl. -n

 1.16 AO...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AO        Accountant Officer, Army Order, Officer of the Order of
              Australia

    A.O.C.-in-C.
              Air Officer Commanding in Chief

    AOD       Army Ordinance Department, Ancient Order of Druids

    AOF       Ancient Order of Foresters

    AOH       Ancient Order of Hibernians

    aorist    abbr. aor.

    aort/a    (anat.), pl. -ae

    aoãt      (Fr. m.), August (not cap.)

    å outrance
              (Fr.), to the bitter end, not å l'outrance

 1.17 AP...
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    AP        Associated Press

    Ap.       Apostle

    a.p.      above proof, author's proof

    Apache    (US) Indian tribe; apache, Paris ruffian

    apanage   not app-

    å part    (Fr.), apart

    apartheid (Afrik.), segregation

    ap/e, -ed, -ing, -ish


    Apelles   4th c. BC, Greek painter

    Apennines Italy (one p, three ns), in It. Appennini

    aperúu    (Fr. m.), outline

    aperitif/ an alcoholic appetizer, pl. -s (not ital., no accent)

    APEX      Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical, and Computer
              Staff

    apex/     pl. -es; adj. apical

    apfelstrudel
              baked apples in pastry (not ital., not cap.)

    aphaere/sis
              removal of a sound from the beginning of a word; adj. -tic

    apheli/on (astr.), pl. -a

    aphid/    pl. -s

    aphi/s    pl. -des

    apical    see apex

    ap. J.-C. (Fr.), AD

    å plaisir (Fr.), at pleasure

    Apocalypse
              (NT), abbr. Apoc.

    Apocrypha (cap. A) abbr. Apocr. (for abbrs. of books see under names);
              adj. apocryphal

    apodictic clearly established; not -deictic

    apodos/is (gram.), pl. -es

    apog/ee   (astr.), abbr. apog.; adj.  -ean

    Apollinaire (Guillaume)
              1880-1918, French poet

    Apollinaris (water)
              mineral water from Ahr Valley, Germany

    Apollin/arius
              (sometimes -aris), Christian heretic, c.310-c.390; -arianism

    Apollo/   Greek god; -- Belvedere, statue in Vatican; adj.  -nian

    Apollonius Rhodius
              Greek poet, c.25O BC

    Apollos   Acts 18:24, follower of St Paul

    Apollyon  the Devil

    apologize not -ise

    apophthegm
              pithy maxim

    a-port    (hyphen)

    apostasy  not -cy

    apostatize
              not -ise

    a posteriori
              (reasoning) from effects to causes

    Apostle   abbr. Ap., pl. App.

    Apostles' Creed
              (caps.)

    Apostroph/
              (Ger. m.), apostrophe; pl. -e (cap.)

    apostrophe
              see possessive case, punctuation VIII, quotations

    apostrophize
              not -ise

    apothecaries' weight, signs
              (See Figure 2 in topic FRONT_4) Print quantities in lower case
              letters close up behind symbol:  final i becomes j, as vij = 7,
              j = 1

    apothegm  use apophthegm

    apotheos/is
              pl. -es

    apotropaic
              averting ill luck

    App.      Apostles

    app.      appendix

    appal/, -led, -ling


    Appalachian Mts.
              E. North America

    appanage  use apa-

    apparatus/
              pl. -es, not -ati (but use an alternative, e.g.  appliances,
              when possible)

    apparatus criticus
              variant readings; abbr. app. crit.

    apparel/, -led, -ling


    apparitor officer of ecclesiastical court, not -er

    app. crit.
              apparatus criticus

    appeal/, -ed, -ing


    appeasement
              not -sment

    appell/ant, -ate, -ation, -ative


    append/ix abbr. app.; pl. -ices, zool. and general, abbr. apps.

    appetiz/e not -ise; -er, -ing

    appliqu÷  Eng. noun, adj., and verb; past partic. appliqu÷d

    appoggiatura
              (mus.), type of grace-note, leaning note

    appreciat/or
              not -er; adjs. -ive, -ory

    apprentice
              abbr. appr.

    apprise   (to inform)

    apprize   (to value)

    appro     (on) approval (no point)

    appro.    approbation

    approver  one who turns Queen's evidence

    approximat/e, -ely, -ion;
              abbr.  approx.

    appurts.  appurtenances

    Apr.      April

    APRC      anno post Romam conditam (in the year after the building of Rome
              in 753 BC) (s. caps.); but use AUC, q.v.

    aprës/    (Fr.), after; -- coup, after the event; ---midi, afternoon
              (hyphen); -- moi (or nous) le d÷luge, after me (or us) the
              deluge; -- ski, (of) time after day's skiing

    April     abbr. Apr.; in Fr. avril (not cap.)

    a/ primo  (Lat.), from the first; -- principio, from the beginning

    a priori  (reasoning) from causes to effects (not ital.)

    apriorism doctrine of a priori ideas (one word, not ital.)

    apropos (of);
              å propos de bottes (Fr.), beside the mark

    APS       Associate of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

    apse/     semicircular recess, esp. in church; pl. -s

    apsi/s    in an orbit, point of greatest or least distance from central
              body; pl. -des

    apud      (Lat.), according to, in the work, or works, of

    Apuleius (Lucius)
              2nd c. AD, Roman satirist

    Apulia    Italy; in It. Puglia

 1.18 aqua...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    aqua/ fortis, -- regia
              (chem.), -- vitae (two words, not ital.)

    aquarium/ pl. -s

    å quatre mains
              (Fr. mus.), for two performers

    Aquinas (St Thomas)
              1225-74, Italian theologian

 1.19 AR...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AR        Arkansas (off. postal abbr.)

    AR        anno regni (in the year of the reign) (s. caps.)

    Ar        argon (no point)

    a/r       all risks

    ARA       Associate of the Royal Academy, London

    Arabi/a, -an, -c;
              abbr. Arab.

    Arabian Nights' Entertainments (The)


    Arabic    (typ.), 28 letters (all consonants, each with several forms
              according to position) and many accents (representing vowel
              sounds and other phonetic features). It is read from right to
              left; hence if any passage is divided, the right-hand words must
              go in the first line, and the left-hand words in the second
              line. See also BSI

    arabic numerals
              numerals used in ordinary computation, as, 1, 2, 3 (not cap.).
              See also numerals

    arach.    arachnology

    arachnid  (zool.) member of the Arachnida

    arachnoid (bot.) having long hairs, (anat.) one of meninges

    ARAD      Associate of the Royal Academy of Dancing

    Aragon    not Arr-; in Sp. Arag×n

    Araldite  propr. term (cap.)

    ARAM      Associate of the Royal Academy of Music

    Aramaic   Semitic language; abbr.  Aram.

    Aran, Island of
              Donegal, Ireland.  See also Arran

    Aran Islands
              Galway Bay, Ireland.  See also Arran

    ARAS      Associate of Royal Astronomical Society

    ARB       Air Registration Board, Air Research Burcati

    ARBA      Associate of the Royal Society of British Artists

    arbit/er, -rary, -ration
              abbr. arb.

    arbiter elegantiae
              (Lat.), a judge of taste

    arbitr/ament
              not -ement

    arbitrator
              legal or official word for arbiter

    arbor     spindle, axis

    arboretum (bot.), tree-garden; pl.  -a

    arboriculture
              abbr. arbor.

    arbor vitae
              conifer

    arbour    bower

    ARBS      Associate of the Royal Society of British Sculptors

    ARC       Aeronautical Research Council, Agricultural Research Council,
              Architects' Registration Council

    ARCA      Associate of the Royal College of Art

    Arcades ambo
              (Lat.), two with like tastes

    arcan/um  pl. -a

    Arc de Triomphe
              Paris

    arced     (elec.), not arck-

    arc-en-ciel
              (Fr. m.), rainbow; pl.  arcs-en-ciel

    arch.     archa/ic, -ism, archery, archipelago, architect,-ural, -ure

    archaeolog/y, -ical;
              abbr. archaeol.

    archangel (one word)

    Archangel USSR; in Russ.  Arkhangel'sk

    Archbishop
              abbr. Abp.

    Archd.    Archdeacon, Archduke

    archetype not archi-

    archidiaconal
              not archide-

    archiepiscopal


    Archimed/ean
              not -ian

    archipelago/
              pl. -s; abbr. arch.

    architect/, -ural, -ure;
              abbr.  arch., archit., archt.

    architype use archetype

    arcing    (elec.), not arck-

    ARCM      Associate of the Royal College of Music

    ARCO      Associate of the Royal College of Organists

    ARCS      Associate of the Royal College of Science

    arctic    (not cap.), cold

    Arctic Circle
              (two caps.); Arctic regions (one cap.)

    Ardleigh  Essex

    Ardley    Oxon.

    ARE       Associate of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers,
              Arab Republic of Egypt

    are       unit of square measure, 100 square metres

    aren't    to be printed close up

    areol/a   a small area; pl. -ae (not ital.)

    Arequipa  Peru

    aréte     mountain ridge

    argent    (her.), silver, abbr. arg.

    Argentina the country, or Argentine Republic

    Argentine (adj.); also (noun) the inhabitant. See also Argentinian

    Argentinian
              (adj.); also (noun) the inhabitant; tending to replace
              Argentine; not -ean

    argentum  silver, symbol (chem.) Ag

    argon     symbol Ar

    argot     slang (not ital.)

    arguable  not -eable

    argumentum ad/ crumenam
              (Lat.), argument to the purse; -- -- hoc, -- for this (purpose);
              -- -- hominem, -- to the man's interests; -- ignorantiam, --
              based on the adversary's ignorance; -- -- invidiam, -- to men's
              hatreds or prejudices; -- -- rem, -- to the purpose; --
              verecundiam, appeal to modesty; argumentum baculinum, or -- ad
              baculum, -- of the stick, club-law; argumentum e silentio, --
              from silence

    argy-bargy
              dispute, wrangle, not argle-bargle (hyphen)

    Argyle    Minnesota, US

    Argyll/and Bute District; -- and Sutherland Highlanders; -- and the Isles
              (Bp. of); -- (Duke of)


    Argyllshire
              (former county of) Scotland

    Arian     (theol.), a follower of Arius; (one) born under Aries

    ARIBA     Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects.  See
              also RIBA

    ARICS     Professional Associate of the Royal Institution of Chartered
              Surveyors

    Ariëge    d÷p. France

    Aristotel/ian
              not -ean

    Arius     c.250-c.336, Christian heretic

    Ariz.     Arizona (off. abbr.)

    Ark.      Arkansas (off. abbr.)

    Arlay     d÷p. Jura, France

    Arle      Glos.

    Arles     d÷p. Bouches-du-Rhõne, France

    Arm.      Armenian, Armoric

    armadillo/
              pl. -s

    armchair  (one word)

    Armenia   ancient country, now in part a Soviet Socialist Republic; adj.
              Armenian (geog., ethnic, or eccl.). See also USSR

    armes blanches
              (Fr.), side-arms (bayonet, sabre, sword)

    armful/   pl. -s

    armhole   (one word)

    Arminians followers of Arminius

    Arminius (Jacobus)
              Latinized form of Jacob Harmen, 1560-1609, Dutch theologian

    armory    heraldry

    armoury   collection of arms

    armpit    (one word)

    ARMS      Associate of the Royal Society of Miniature Painters

    arm's length
              (two words)

    Army      see Navy

    Army/ Dental Corps
              now RADC; -- Nursing Service, ANS; -- Order, AO; -- Ordnance
              Corps, now RAOC; -- Service Corps, later RASC, now RCT; --
              Veterinary Department, AVD, now RAVC

    Arnold (Edward)
              (Publishers), Ltd.

    Arnold (E. J.) & Son, Ltd.
              publishers

    arnotto   use annatto

    Arola     Piedmont, Italy

    Arolla    Switzerland

    Arolo     Lombardy, Italy

    Aroostook War
              1842, settled border of Maine and New Brunswick

    ARP       air-raid precautions

    arpeggio/ (mus.), striking of notes of chord in (usu. upward) succession;
              pl. -s

    ARPS      Associate of the Royal Photographic Society

    arquebus  use harq-

    ARR       anno regni Regis or Reginae (in the year of the King's or
              Queen's reign) (s. caps.)

    arr.      arranged, arriv/e, -ed,-es, -als

    Arragon   use Aragon

    Arran (Earl of)


    Arran (Isle of)
              Scotland. See also Aran

    arrét     (Fr. m.), decree

    Arrhenius (Svante August)
              1859-1927, Swedish scientist

    arriëre/-garde
              (Fr. f.), rearguard; ---pensee/, a mental reservation, pl. -s

    arrivis/me
              (Fr. m.), ambitious behaviour; -te, one who behaves thus

    arrondissement
              (Fr. m.), division of department

    arrowhead (one word)

    Arrows of the Chace
              by Ruskin, not Chase

    ARSA      Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy, ditto Royal Society of
              Arts

    ARSCM     Associate of the Royal School of Church Music

    arsenic   symbol As

    ars est celare artem
              (Lat.), the art is to conceal art

    ARSL      Associate of the Royal Society of Literature

    ARSM      Associate of the Royal School of Mines

    ARSS      Antiquariorum Regiae Societatis Socius, Fellow of the Royal
              Society of Antiquaries

    ARSW      Associate of the Royal Scottish Society of Painting in Water
              Colours

    art.      article, artillery, artist

    art deco  decorative art-style of 1920s

    artefact  not arti-

    arteriosclerosis
              hardening of the arteries (one word)

    arthropod/
              member of Arthropoda, animals with jointed body and limbs; pl.
              -s

    article   abbr. art.

    articles of roup
              (Sc. law), conditions of sale (by auction)

    articles (titles of)
              (typ.), when cited, to be roman quoted

    artifact  use artefact

    artillery abbr. A. or art.

    artisan   not -zan

    artiste   (either sex), professional singer, dancer, or other performer

    artizan   use artisan

    art nouveau
              (Fr.), 19th-c.  ornamental art-style

    art paper a high quality coated paper used for illustrations

    artwork   (one word); abbr. a/w

    Arundel   W. Sussex

    Arundell of Wardour (Baron)
              title now extinct

    Arva      Cavan, not Arvagh

    ARWS      Associate of the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours

    Aryan     Indo-European, not -ian

 1.20 AS...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AS        Anglo Saxon

    As        arsenic (no point)

    As.       Asia, -n, -tic

    ASA       Amateur Swimming Association; Associate Member, Society of
              Actuaries

    asafoetida
              (med.), ill-smelling gum resin; not the many variants

    Asante    mod. form of Ashanti, q.v.

    a.s.a.p.  as soon as possible

    Asbjærnsen (Peter Christian)
              1812-85, Norwegian writer

    ascendan/ce
              not -ence; -cy, -t

    ascender  (typ.), top part of letters such as b d f h k l

    Ascension/ Day
              (caps., two words); -- Island, S. Atlantic

    ascetic   austere

    Ascham (Roger)
              1515-68, English writer

    ascites   (sing. and pl.), abdominal dropsy

    Asclepiad metre, not Ask-

    Asclepius the Greek god, not Asklepios, except in Gr. contexts.  See also
              Aesculapius

    a/s de    (Fr.), aux soins de, c/o

    ASDIC     Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee; used for a
              form of hydrophone (Asdic, now officially Sonar, q.v.)

    ASE       Amalgamated Society of Engineers

    ASEAN     Association of South East Asian Nations

    as follows:
              (use colon only, not :--)

    Asgard    the heaven of Norse mythology

    ash       Old-English letter ligatured ae, also used in phonetic script,
              Danish, and Norwegian

    Ashant/i  Ghana; not -ee; also Asante

    Ashby de la Zouch
              Leics. (no hyphens)

    Ashkenazim
              pl., East-European Jews, as distinct from Sephardim

    Ashkhabad cap. of Turkmenistan, USSR

    ashlar    (archit.), not -er

    Ashmolean Museum
              Oxford

    Ashtar/oth, -eth
              Bib. and Sem., otherwise use Astarte

    Ashton/-in-Makerfield, ---under-Lyne
              Gr. Manchester (hyphens), not -Lyme; Ashton upon Mersey, Gr.
              Manchester

    ashtray   (one word)

    Ash Wednesday
              first day of Lent (two words)

    Asian     (adj. and noun), (native) of Asia; not Asiatic, which is now
              freq. pejorative

    asinin/e  like an ass, not ass-; noun -ity

    Asir      ("the inaccessible"), see Saudi Arabia

    Asklepiad use Asclepiad; Asklepios, see Asclepius

    Aslef     Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen

    Aslib     Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux

    ASM       air-to-surface missile

    Asniëres  Paris suburb

    Asola     Lombardy, Italy

    Asolo     Venetia, Italy

    asper     Greek rough breathing

    asperges  (noun sing.), sprinkling with blessed water

    asphalt   not ash-, -e

    asphodel  immortal flower in Elysium

    asphyxia  interruption of breathing

    aspic     a poisonous serpent, a savoury jelly

    ASR       (comp.), answer send and receive

    ass.      assistant

    assafoetida
              use asa-

    assagai   use assegai

    assai     (mus.), very

    assailant

    assassin

    assegai   spear, not assa-

    Assemblies, National and Federal.
              In addition to titles in English (Parliament, Assembly, Senate,
              Diet, etc.) in English-speaking countries and translation of
              foreign titles (National Assembly for Assembl÷e Nationale,
              etc.), the following titles are correct for particular
              countries:

              Bulgaria--Subranie.
              Denmark--Folketing.
              Finland--Eduskunta.
              Germany, Federal Republic
               of--Bundesrat (Upper House)
               and Bundestag (Lower House).
              Germany, Democratic Republic
               of--Volkskammer (not recognized
               by Western countries).
              Iceland--Althing.
              India--Rajya Sabha (Council of
               States) and Lok Sabha (House of
               the People).
              Iran--Senate and Majlis.
              Ireland, Republic of--Seanad
               òireann (Senate) and DÁil òireann
               (House of Representatives)
              Israel--Knesset.
              Netherlands--Staten Generaal,
               comprising Eerste Kamer (First
               Chamber) and Tweede Kamer (Second
               Chamber).
              Norway--Storting, comprising
               Lagting (Upper Council) and
               Odelsting (Lower Council).
              Poland--Sejm.
              Spain--Cortes.
              Sweden--Riksdag (or Diet).
              Switzerland--Nationalrat/Conseil
               National and Ständerat/Conseil des
               òtats

    Assembly  (Church of Scotland) (cap.  A), properly General Assembly (also
              in other Presbyterian Churches).  See also Church Assembly

    assent/er one who assents; -or, one who subscribes to a nomination paper

    assert/er one who asserts; -or, an advocate

    assess/able, -or


    ASSET     Association of Supervisory Staffs, Executives, and Technicians

    assign/ee one to whom a right or property is assigned; -or, one who
              assigns

    Assiniboine
              Canada, not Assinn-

    Assisi    Italy

    assistant abbr. ass. or asst.

    assizer   officer with oversight of weights and measures; not -ser, -sor,
              -zor

    assoc.    associat/e, -ion

    ASSR      Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

    asst.     assistant

    Assuan    use Aswan

    assurance insurance of life (the technical term). See also life insurance

    assymmetry
              use asymmetry

    Assyr.    Assyrian

    a-starboard
              (hyphen)

    Astarte   Syrophoenician goddess; not Ashtar/oth, -eth

    astatine  symbol At

    Asterabad Iran

    asterisk  see reference marks

    Asti      Italian white wine

    ASTMS     Association of Scientific, Technical, and Managerial Staffs

    astr.     astronom/y, -er

    astrakhan lambskin from Astrakhan, USSR

    astrol.   astrolog/y, -er

    Astronomer Royal
              (caps., no hyphen)

    astronomy abbr. astr.  (See Figure 3 in topic FRONT_4)

    astrophysic/s
              (one word); -al, -ist

    Asturias  Spain, not The --

    Asunci×n  Paraguay

    ASVA      Associate of the Incorporated Society of Valuers and Auctioneers

    Aswan     Egypt; not the many variants

    asymmetry not ass-

    asymptote line approaching but not meeting a curve

    asyndeton omission of conjunction

    Asyut     Egypt

 1.21 AT...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AT        (Ger.), Altes Testament (the Old --)

    At        astatine (no point)

    at.       atomic

    Atahualpa the last Inca

    Atalanta  (Gr. myth.)

    atar      use attar

    Atatârk (Kemal)
              1881-1938, Turkish statesman

    ATC       Air Traffic Control, Air Training Corps

    Atchin    Sumatra, Indonesia, use Ach-

    ATCL      Associate of Trinity College of Music, London

    atelier   studio (not ital.)

    a tempo   (mus.), in time; indicates that, after a change in time, the
              previous time must be resumed

    Athabasca Canada, not -ka

    Athanasi/us (St)
              d. 373, Greek Father; adj. -an

    atheling  not aeth-

    Athenaeum London club

    Athol     Canada, New Zealand

    Atholl (Duke of)


    Atl.      Atlantic

    Atlanta   Ga., US

    atmosphere
              gaseous envelope around the earth, the pressure exerted by it;
              abbr. atm.

    atoll     ring-shaped coral reef surrounding lagoon

    atomize   not -ise

    atonable  not -eable

    atri/um   hall of Roman house, cavity in heart; pl. -a or -ums

    Atropos   (Gr. myth.), the Fate that cuts the thread of life

    ATS       Auxiliary Territorial Service (superseded by WRAC)

    attach÷/  pl. -s (not ital.)

    attar     (as of roses), not atar, Otto, ottar

    Att.-Gen. Attorney-General

    Attic salt
              delicate wit (cap. A)

    Attila    c.406-43, king of the Huns

    attitudinize
              not -ise

    Attlee (Clement Richard, Earl)
              1883-1967, British politician, Prime Minister 1945-51

    attn.     for the attention of

    atto-     (as prefix) ten to the power of minus eighteen; abbr. a

    attorn    (law), to transfer

    Attorney-General
              abbr. A.-G. or Att.-Gen.

    attractor not -er

    ATV       Associated Television

    Atwood's machine
              (physics), not Att-

    at. wt.   atomic weight

 1.22 AU...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AU        öngstræm unit, astronomical unit

    Au        aurum (gold) (no point)

    aubade    (Fr. f.), dawn-piece

    auberge   (Fr. f.), an inn; aubergiste (m. or f.), innkeeper

    aubergine fruit of egg-plant

    Aubign÷   d÷p. Deux-Sëvres, France

    Aubigny   d÷p. Nord, France

    aubr/ietia
              dwarf perennial, not -etia

    AUC       anno urbis conditae (in the year from the building of the city
              of Rome in 753 BC) (s. caps.; no points except in Latin
              composition); also ab urbe condita, from the foundation of the
              city

    Auchinleck (Field-Marshal Sir Claude John Eyre)
              1884-1981, British soldier

    Auchnashellach
              Highland, use Ach-

    au/ contraire
              (Fr.), on the contrary; -- courant de, fully acquainted with

    Audenarde see Oudenarde

    Audi      German make of car

    audio/ frequency, -- typist
              (two words), -visual adj. (hyphen)

    Auditor-General
              abbr. Aud.-Gen.

    auditori/um
              pl. -ums

    Audubon (John James)
              1785-1851, US ornithologist

    AUEW/     Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers, -- (TASS), ditto
              (Technical and Supervisory Section)

    au fait   (Fr.), thoroughly conversant

    Aufklärung
              (Ger. f.), enlightenment, esp. the eighteenth-century
              intellectual movement

    Auflage/  (Ger. f.), edition, impression; pl. -n (cap.); abbr.  Aufl.;
              unveränderte --, reprint; verbesserte und vermehrte --, revised
              and enlarged edition

    au fond   (Fr.), at the bottom

    auf Wiedersehen
              (Ger.), till we meet again

    Aug.      August

    aug.      augmentative

    Augean    (stables), filthy (cap.)

    auger     tool for boring

    aught     anything. See also nau-

    au/ grand serieux
              (Fr.), in all seriousness; -- gratin, browned with cheese etc.

    augur     Roman soothsayer; (verb) foresee, portend

    August    abbr. Aug.

    Augustan  of Augustus or an era compared to his

    Augustine Augustinian monk; St --, 354-430, Bp. of Hippo; St --, d.  604,
              first Abp. of Canterbury

    Augustinian
              monk of order following St Augustine of Hippo

    au jus    (Fr.), in gravy

    auk       diving bird, not awk

    auld lang syne
              (caps. for song title)

    Auld Reekie
              Old Smoky, that is, Edinburgh

    Aumale (duc d')


    aumbry    closed recess in wall of church, not ambry

    Aumerle, Duke of
              (in Shakespeare's Richard II)

    au/ mieux (Fr.), very intimate; -- naturel, in its natural state, plainly
              cooked

    aunty     not -ie

    au/ pair  (Fr.), at par, on mutual terms; au pair girl (not ital.); --
              pied de la lettre, literally

    Aurangzeb 1618-1707, Mogul emperor, not the many variants

    aurar     pl. of eyrir, q.v.

    aurea mediocritas
              (Lat.), the golden mean

    aureola   a saint's halo

    au/ reste (Fr.), besides; -- revoir, till we meet again

    Aurigny   Fr. for Alderney

    auror/a austral/is
              pl. -ae -es; -- boreal/is, pl. -ae -es

    aurum     gold, symbol (chem.) Au (no point)

    Aus.      Austria, - n

    Auschwitz German concentration camp in Poland in Second World War

    au s÷rieux
              (Fr.), seriously

    Ausgabe   (Ger. f.), edition; abbr.  Ausg. (cap.). See also compounds
              Buch-, Pracht-, Volks-

    Austen (Jane)
              1775-1817, English writer

    Austin    English form of the name Augustine; -- (Alfred), 1835-1913, Poet
              Laureate 1896-1913; -- (John Langshaw), 1911-60, English
              philosopher; --, Tex., US

    Austral/ia, -ian
              abbr. Austral.; -asia, -asian

    Australian Capital Territory
              abbr.  ACT

    Austrasia Frankish Kingdom of 6th- 8th cc.

    Austria   abbr. Aus.

    Austria-Hungary
              (but Austro-Hungarian); in Ger.  ýsterreich-Ungarn

    autarchy  absolute sovereignty

    autarky   self-sufficiency

    Auteuil   Paris suburb

    auteur    (Fr. m.), author

    auth.     authentic, author, -ess, -ity, -ized

    authorities
              at the end of quotations, or in notes:

              I.   In scientific and technical work use the Harvard system,
                   giving:

                   1.  Name of author in roman.
                   2.  Date of publication.
                   3.  a, b, c, etc. close up after date to distinguish
                       between works of same author and date.
                   4.  A full alphabetical list in the style of II below at
                       the end of the work, or of each chapter.

              II.  In general setting give:

                   1.  Name of author in roman.
                   2.  Name of book in italic, and, if necessary, the series
                       title in roman.
                   3.  Title of article roman in quotation marks, name of
                       journal in italic.

                   For detailed examples see Hart's Rules, pp. 50-4.

                   Act, scene, and line                          III. iii. 45
                   Book                                                   iii
                   Book and line (long poems)                         iii. 25
                   Canto and line                                     xvi. 25
                   Chapter and page                                   xiv. 25
                   Chapter and verse (biblical)                         2: 34
                    (formerly                                         ii. 34)
                   Chapter, section, and paragraph
                    (some scientific and philosophical works)         22.2.25
                   Paragraph                                              ˆ68
                   Section                                                 ˆ5
                   Volume, chapter, and page                       IV. vi. 97


                   Quote the minimum number of divisions consistent with
                   clarity; the smallest in arabic numerals, the next in lower
                   case roman, and so on

    authorize not -ise

    Authorized Version
              (of Bible) (caps.); abbr. AV

    autis/m   morbid absorption in fantasy, or mental condition obstructing
              response to environment; adj. -tic

    autobahn/ German arterial road (not cap., not ital. in Anglicized form);
              pl. -s

    autochthon/
              original inhabitant; pl. -s; adj. -ous

    autocracy absolute government

    auto/-da-f÷
              (Port.), pl. autos-da-f÷; (Sp.) -- de fe; "act of the faith",
              burning of heretic by Inquisition

    autogiro  not -gyro

    autolithography
              (typ.), printing by lithography from stones or plates prepared
              by the artist personally

    automaton/
              pl. -s (but automata when used collectively)

    autonomy  self-government

    autonym   a book published under author's real name

    auto/pista
              Spanish arterial road; -route, French ditto

    autore    (It.), author; abbr. aut.

    autostrad/a
              Italian arterial road; pl. -e

    autres temps, autres moeurs
              (Fr.), other times, other manners

    autumn    (not cap.)

    Auvergne  (Fr.), not The --

    Auvers    d÷p. Seine-et-Oise, France

    Auverse   d÷p. Maine-et-Loire, France

    auxiliary abbr. aux. or auxil.

    Auxiliary Forces
              (caps.)

 1.23 AV...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AV        Authorized Version (of Bible)

    a/v       ad valorem

    av.       average

    avant/-courier
              in Fr. m. -courrier or -cour/eur, fem. -euse, a forerunner;
              ---propos (m.), preface, pl. same (hyphens)

    avant-garde
              the advanced guard, the innovators

    av. C.    (It.), avanti Cristo (BC)

    avdp.     avoirdupois

    Ave.      Avenue

    ave atque vale
              (Lat.), hail and farewell

    Ave Maria (Hail, Mary!); abbr. AM

    Avenue    abbr. Ave.

    average   abbr. av.

    Averroês  1126-98, Muslim philosopher, not -oes

    avertible not -able

    avertissement
              (Fr. m.), notice, warning

    aviculture
              rearing of birds

    Avignon   d÷p. Vaucluse, France

    a vinculo matrimonii
              (Lat.), full (divorce)

    avis au lecteur
              (Fr.), notice to the reader

    avizandum (Sc. law), judge's consideration of case in private

    av. J.-C. (Fr.), BC

    AVM       Air Vice-Marshal

    avocad/o  pl. -os

    avocet    a bird, not -set

    Avogadro (Amedeo),
              1776-1856, Italian scientist, not Avro-

    avoirdupois
              abbr. avdp.

    å/ volont÷
              (Fr.), at pleasure, at will; -- votre sant÷! (here's) to your
              health!

    Avon/     county of England, and name of several English rivers; -- (Earl
              of)

    avril     (Fr. m., not cap.), April

 1.24 a/w...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    a/w       (typ.) artwork

    awesome   not aws-

    awhile    (adv.), but for a while

    awing     (partic. of awe), not aweing

    awk       use auk

    AWOL      absent without official leave

    AWRE      Atomic Weapons Research Establishment

 1.25 ax....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    ax.       axiom

    axe       not ax

    axel      jumping movement in skating

    ax/is     pl. -es; (cap., hist.) the German alliance formed in 1939

 1.26 ay...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    ay/       yes: "Ay, ay, sir"; pl. -es:  "The ayes have it"

    ayah      Indian nursemaid

    ayatollah Iranian religious leader (cap. when used as title)

    Aycliffe  Co. Durham, "new town", 1947

    aye       ever: "For ever and for aye"

    Aylesbury Bucks. See also Ail-

    Ayr       Strathclyde

    Ayre (Point of)
              Isle of Man

 1.27 AZ...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    AZ        Arizona (off. postal abbr.)

    az.       azure

    Azerbaijan/
              a Soviet Socialist Republic, see USSR, and province of NW Iran;
              -ian, the language

    Azores Islands;
              in Port. Aúores

    Azov (Sea of)
              not -off, -of

    Azrael    (Muslim), the angel of death

    Aztec     one of a people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest;
              adj. Aztec/, -ian

 2.0 B
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



 2.1 B...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    B         bel, boron, (chess) bishop, (pencils) black (see also BB, BBB),
              (mus.) B flat in German system, the second in a series

    B.        Bachelor, Baron, bass, basso, Bay, Blessed (Beat/us, -a),
              British

    b         (phys.), barn; (compass), by

    b.        base, billion, book, born, (cricket) bowled, (cricket) bye,
              (meteor.) blue sky

 2.2 BA...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BA        Bachelor of Arts, Booksellers Association, British Academy, --
              Airways (combining BEA and BOAC 1973), -- America, --
              Association

    Ba        barium (no point)

    BAA       British Airports Authority, -- Astronomical Association

    Baalbek   Syria

    baas      (Afrik.), master, boss

    Ba'ath    Iraqi and Syrian political party

    Babbitt   by Sinclair Lewis, 1922 (rom. in allusive use)

    Babcock & Wilcox
              engineers

    babiroussa
              a wild hog, not baby-, -russa

    babu      Indian title, not baboo

    BAC       British Aerospace Corporation

    baccalaureate
              university degree of bachelor

    baccarat  a card-game; in Fr. m.  baccara

    Bacchanalia/
              festival of Bacchus, strictly pl. but used in Eng. as sing.; -n
              (not cap.), riotous or drunken

    Bacchant/ male or female follower of Bacchus; -e, female only

    Bach/     German musical family, more than fifty in number in seven
              generations, of whom the greatest was -- (Johann Sebastian),
              1685-1750 (of the fifth generation), composer of orchestral,
              instrumental, and choral music; also important were his father's
              cousin, -- (Johann Christoph), 1642-1703, composer; and of J. S.
              B.'s twenty children, -- (Wilhelm Friedemann), 1710-84; -- (Carl
              Philipp Emanuel, usu. referred to as C. P. E.), 1714-88,
              developer of sonata and symphony form; -- (Johann Christoph
              Friedrich), 1732-95; -- (Johann Christian), 1735-82, "the
              English Bach"

    Bacharach small Rhineland town (wine-producing); -- (Burt), b.  1929, US
              composer

    Bachelier ës/ lettres
              (Fr.), Bachelor of Letters, abbr. B. ës L.; -- -- sciences,
              ditto Science, B. ës S. (no hyphens)

    Bachelor/ abbr. B.; -- of Agriculture, B.Agr. (US); -- -- Architecture,
              B.Arch.; -- -- Arts, BA; -- -- Canon and Civil Law, BUJ; -- --
              Civil Engineering, BCE; -- -- Civil Law, BCL; -- -- Commerce,
              B.Com.; -- -- Dental Surgery, BDS or B.Ch.D.; -- -- Divinity,
              BD; -- -- Education, B.Ed.; -- -- Engineering, BE or B.Eng. or
              B.A.I.  Dub. (Dublin); -- -- Law, BL: -- -- Laws, B LL; -- --
              Letters, B.Litt.  or Litt.B., in Fr. B. ës L.; -- -- Medicine,
              BM or MB; -- -- Metallurgy, B.Met.; -- -- Mining Engineering,
              BME; -- -- Music, B.Mus. or Mus.B.; -- -- Obstetrics, BAO; -- --
              Philosophy, B.Phil.; -- -- Science, B.Sc., or BS (US), in Fr. B.
              ës S.; -- -- Surgery, BC, B.Ch., BS, or Ch.B.; -- -- Technical
              Science, B.Sc. Tech.; -- -- Theology, B.Th.

    bacill/us pl. -i (not ital.)

    back      (typ.), see margins

    back-bench(er)
              (Parl.) (hyphen)

    Backhuysen (Ludolf)
              1631-1708, Dutch painter, not Bakhuisen

    backing up
              (typ.), printing on the second side

    backwoodsman
              (one word)

    Bacon (Sir Francis)
              (often incorrectly Lord), 1561-1626, Baron Verulam and Viscount
              St Albans

    Baconian  pertaining to Roger Bacon, died c.1292; or to Sir Francis Bacon;
              or to the theory that Sir Francis Bacon wrote Shakespeare's
              plays

    bacshish  use baksheesh

    bacteri/um
              microscopic organism; pl. -a; -cide

    bade      see bid

    Baden-Baden
              W. Germany (hyphen)

    Baden-Powell (Robert Stephenson Smyth, Baron)
              1857-1941, Founder of Boy Scouts, 1908 (hyphen)

    badinage  (Fr. m.), humorous ridicule

    Baedeker (Karl)
              1801-59, guidebook publisher

    Baffin/ Bay
              island, NE America, not -ns, -n's

    BAFU      Bakers', Food, and Allied Workers' Union

    bagarre   (Fr. m.), brawl

    Bagehot (Walter)
              1826-77, English writer

    Baghdad   Iraq, not Bagd-

    Bagnëres/ de Bigorre
              d÷p. Hautes-Pyrenees; -- de Luchon, d÷p Haute-Garonne, France

    bagnio/   bathing-house, oriental prison, brothel; pl. -s

    Bagnoles  d÷p. Orne, France

    Bagnols   d÷p. Gard, France

    bagpip/e(s), -er
              (one word)

    B.Agr.    (US), Bachelor of Agriculture

    Baha'/i   religion initiated by BahÁ'u'llÁh (1817-92); -ism

    Baham/as  W. Indies, indep. 1973; adj. -ian

    Bahrain   islands, Persian Gulf, not -ein

    Baiae     Naples

    B.A.I. Dub.
              Bachelor of Engineering, Univ. of Dublin

    baignoire (Fr. f.), theatre box at stalls level

    Baikal (Lake)
              USSR

    bail      (noun) security for appearance of prisoner, cross-piece over
              stumps in cricket, (hist.) outer line of fortifications; (verb)
              to deliver goods in trust, (naut.) to scoop water out of; to
              secure release on bail. See also bale

    bailee    one to whom goods are entrusted for a purpose

    bailer    (naut.), one who bails water out, scoop used for bailing. See
              also bailor, bale

    bailey    outer wall of castle; Old Bailey, London's Central Criminal
              Court

    bailie    (Sc.), an alderman; bailiery, jurisdiction of a bailie, not
              -iary

    bailiwick office or jurisdiction of a bailiff

    Baillie (Joanna)
              1762-1851, Scottish poet

    Bailliëre, Tindall, Ltd.
              publishers

    bailor    (law), one who entrusts goods to a bailee. See also bailer

    Baily's/ Magazine; -- Directory


    bain-marie
              double saucepan; pl.  bains-

    Baireuth  Bavaria, use Bay-

    Bairut    Lebanon, use Beirut

    baklava   Turkish pastry with nuts and honey

    baksheesh (Arab., Turk.), a gratuity, not the many variants

    bal.      balance

    Balaclava not -klava

    balalaika Russian stringed instrument

    balanceable
              not -cable

    Balbriggan
              Co. Dublin; also knitted cotton goods

    bale/, -s abbr. bl. or bls.

    bale      (noun) a package, (arch.)  destruction, woe; (verb) to make into
              a package; -- out, to escape from an aircraft by parachute. See
              also bail

    Bçle      Fr. for Basle

    Balfour/ (Baron, of Burleigh); --
              (Baron, of Inchrye); -- (Earl of).  (Three distinct titles)

    Bali/     Indonesia; adj. -nese

    Baliol    an Anglo-Norman family, not the Oxford College, Balliol

    balk      (verb), not baulk

    Balkan Mts.
              Bulgaria

    Balkhan Mts.
              Transcaspia

    Ballaarat Victoria, Australia, use -larat

    ballade   medieval French poem, also its imitation

    Ballantine (James)
              1808-77, artist and poet; -- (William), 1812-86, serjeant-at-law

    Ballantyne (James)
              1772-1833, and -- (John), 1774-1821, Sir W.  Scott's printers
              and publishers; -- Press, founded by them in 1796; -- (Robert
              Michael), 1825-94, Scottish writer for boys

    Ballarat  Victoria, Australia, not -aarat

    ballet-dancer
              (hyphen)

    ball game (two words)

    Balliol College
              Oxford. See also Baliol

    ballistic/
              (adj.); -s, pl., the science (two ls)

    ballon d'essai
              (Fr. m.), a "feeler" of any kind

    ballot/, -ed, -ing


    ballroom  (one word)

    Ballsbridge
              Co. Dublin (one word)

    ballyhoo  vulgar publicity

    baloney   use boloney

    BALPA     British Air Line Pilots' Association

    Baluchi   a native of Baluchistan, not Be-, Bi-

    baluster  upright supporting a rail, commonly of stone and outdoors, tbe
              whole structure being a balustrade.  See banister

    Balzac (Honor÷ de)
              1799-1850, French writer; -- (Jean Louis Guez de), 1596-1654,
              French writer

    Bamberg   W. Germany, not -burg

    Bamburgh  Northumberland

    banal     commonplace

    Banaras   Hindi for Benares

    Band      (Ger. m.), a volume, pl. Bände; abbr. Bd., pl. Bde.

    bandanna  a handkerchief, not -ana

    b. & b.   bed and breakfast

    B. & F.B.S.
              British and Foreign Bible Society

    bandit/   pl. -s

    bandoleer a belt for cartridges, not -olier, -alier

    bandolero Spanish brigand

    Bandung   Indonesia, not Bandoeng

    bang      Indian hemp, use bh-

    Bangalore Mysore, India

    Bangkok   Thailand, not Bankok

    Bangladesh
              "Land of the Bengalis", formerly E. Pakistan; indep. 1972

    banister  upright supporting a rail; commonly of wood, indoors, on
              staircase, the whole structure being banisters (pl.). See
              baluster

    banjo/    pl. -s

    bank      abbr. bk.

    banking   abbr. bkg.

    banknote  (one word)

    Bankok    use Bangkok

    bank paper
              a thin, strong paper

    banlieue  (Fr. f.), precinct, suburb

    banneret  (law), a knight made on the field of battle

    bannerette
              small banner

    banns     not bans

    banquet/, -ed, -ing
              (one t)

    banquette a raised way behind firing-rampart; seat

    Bantu     designating a group of Central, E., and S. African native
              peoples and languages

    BAO       Bachelor of Art of Obstetrics

    BAOR      British Army of the Rhine

    bap.      baptized

    Baptist   abbr. Bapt.

    baptistery
              not -try

    baptize   not -ise

    Bar       called to the (cap.); bar, unit of pressure, 1/10 megapascal

    bar.      barley-corn, baromet/er, -ric, barrel

    Barbad/os not -oes, indep. 1966, abbr. Barb., adj. -ian

    barbarize not -ise

    Barbary   N. Africa

    barbecue  open-air roasting (party) (not -que)

    barberry  shrub of genus Berberis, not ber-, -ery

    barbet    tropical bird

    barbette  gun platform

    Barbirolli (Sir John)
              1899-1970, English conductor

    barcarole Venetian gondolier's song; in Fr. barcarolle

    B.Arch.   Bachelor of Architecture

    Barclays Bank, Ltd.
              (no apos.)

    Bareilly  Uttar Pradesh, India, not -eli

    Barenboim (Daniel)
              b. 1942, Argentinian-born Israeli musician

    Barents Sea
              north of Norway and USSR, not -'s, -'z

    bargain/er
              a haggler; -or (law), the seller

    Bar Harbor
              Maine, US

    Baring-Gould (Revd Sabine)
              1834-1924, English author (hyphen)

    baritone  (mus.), not bary-

    barium    symbol Ba

    bark      vessel (arch. and poet.); in techn. sense use barque

    Barkston  Lincs., N. Yorks.

    barleycorn
              (one word), abbr. bar.

    bar/maid, -man
              (one word)

    Barmecide one who offers illusory benefits, not -acidc

    bar mitzvah
              Jewish initiation rite

    Barmston  Humberside

    barn      (phys.), unit of area, abbr. b

    Barnaby Bright
              St. Barnabas' Day, 11 June; longest day, Old Style

    Barnard (Dr Christiaan)
              b. 1922, S.  African surgeon

    Barnardo (Dr Thomas John)
              1845-1905, British philanthropist

    baro/graph
              a recording barometer; -gram, the record; -logy, science of
              weight; -meter, -metric, abbr.  bar.

    baron     member of lowest order of British nobility; cap. when with name
              (but Lord more common); l.c. with foreign name (but in Ger.
              cap.); abbr. B.

    baron/    (Fr.), Baron; fem. -ne (not cap.)

    baron and feme
              (law), husband and wife regarded as one

    baronet/  member of lowest hereditary titled British order; cap. when with
              name; abbr. Bt.; baronetage, baronets collectively, book about
              them; baronetcy, patent or rank of baronet

    Barons Court
              London (no apos.)

    baroque   exuberant archit. style of seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,
              applied also to music and other arts (not ital., not cap.)

    barouche  four-wheeled carriage, not baru-

    barque    vessel with aftermost mast fore-and-aft rigged and remaining
              masts square rigged, not bark

    barquentine
              three-masted vessel with foremast only square-rigged, not
              -antine, barke-

    barr.     barrels, barrister

    barrac/uda
              large W. Indian sea-fish; -outa only with reference to Thyrsites
              atun (Austral. and NZ)

    barrator  (law), malicious litigant, not -ater, -etor

    barratry  (law), vexatious litigation; (marine law) master's or crew's
              fraud or negligence

    Barrault (Jean-Louis)
              b. 1910, French actor, director, producer

    barrel/, -s
              abbr. bar., barr., bl., bls.

    barrel/led, -ling


    barrico/  a small cask, pl. -es

    Barrie (Sir James Matthew)
              1860-1937, Scottish novelist and playwright

    Barrie & Jenkins, Ltd.
              publishers

    barrister abbr. barr.

    Barrow-in-Furness
              Cumbria (hyphens)

    Bart.     Baronet, use Bt.

    bartender (one word)

    Barth (Heinrich)
              1821-65, German explorer; -- (John), b. 1930, US novelist; --
              (Karl), 1886-1968, Swiss theologian

    Bartholomew Day
              24 Aug. (caps., two words, for London local terminology but St
              Bartholomew's Day for the massacre, 1572)

    Bart×k (Bela)
              1881-1945, Hungarian composer

    Bartolommeo (Fra)
              1475-1517, Italian painter

    Bartolozzi (Francesco)
              1727-1813, Italian engraver

    Bart's    St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London

    Baruch    (Apocr.), not to be abbr.

    baruche   use barouche

    barytone  use bari- except for the Greek accent

    bas bleu  (Fr. m.), a "bluestocking"

    base      abbr. b.

    baseball  US national game played by two teams of nine; ball used in it

    Basel     Ger. for Basle

    bashaw    use pasha

    bashi-bazouk
              (hyphen), Turkish mercenary

    Bashkirtseff (Marie K.)
              properly Marya Bashkirtseva, 1860-84, Russian diarist

    BASIC     (comp.), Beginners' All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

    Basic English
              (two caps.), "debabelized" language proposed by C. K. Ogden,
              1929

    Basildon  Essex, "new town", 1949

    basinet   light steel headpiece, not bass-

    bas/is    pl. -es

    Baskerville (John)
              1706-75, typefounder and printer; designer of Baskerville type

    Basle     Switz., in Fr. Bçle; in Ger.  Basel

    Basra     Iraq, not -ah

    bas-relief
              not bass-

    Bas-Rhin  d÷p. E. France (hyphen)

    bass      a fish, not -e

    bassinet  cradle, perambulator, not basi-, -ette, berceaunette

    basso/    (mus.), abbr. B.; -- profundo (It. mus.), lowest male voice

    bass/o-riliev/o
              (It.), bas-relief, pl. -i -i, Anglicized to basso- relievo, pl.
              -os

    bastaard  (S. Afr.), person of mixed white and coloured parentage, whether
              legitimate or not

    bastardize
              not -ise

    bastard/  size (typ.), a non-standard size; -- title, see half-title

    Bastille  (Fr. f.). Paris prison

    bastille  a fortified tower, not -ile

    bastinado/
              not basto-; pl. -s

    Basuto/, -land
              S. Africa. See Lesotho

    bateau/   (Fr. m.), a boat, not batt-; pl. -x

    Bath: et Well:
              sig. of Bp. of Bath and Wells (two colons)

    Bath/     brick, -- bun, -- chair, -- chap (not chop), -- Oliver, -- stone
              (cap. B) (two words)

    baton     music conductor's stick

    battalion abbr. battn. or bn.

    battels   account for provisions etc., at Oxford University

    batter    (typ.), a damaged letter

    batterie de cuisine
              (Fr. f.), a set of cooking utensils

    battery   abbr. batt. or bty.

    battleaxe (one word)

    battle-cry
              (hyphen)

    battle/dress, -field, -ground, -ship
              (one word)

    battue    (Fr. f.), shooting

    Batum     Georgia, USSR, not -oum

    Baudelaire (Charles)
              1821-67, French poet, not Beau-

    Bauhaus   20th c. Ger. archit. school

    baulk     of timber; area on billiard-table; as verb use balk

    Bavaria/, -n
              abbr. Bav.; in Ger.  Bayern

    bawbee    (Sc.), halfpenny, not bau-

    bayadëre  Hindu dancing girl

    Bayard (Pierre de Terrail, Chevalier de)
              1475-1524, "The Knight without fear and without reproach"

    Bayern    Ger. for Bavaria

    bayonet/, -ed, -ing; -- fitting
              plug (elec.), two words

    bayou     tributary creek

    Bayreuth  Bavaria, not Bai-. See also Beirut

    bazaar

 2.3 BB...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BB        (pencils), double black; also 2B

    BBB       (pencils), treble black; also 3B

    BBC       British Broadcasting Corporation

 2.4 BC...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BC        Bachelor of Surgery, Board of Control, British Columbia (Canada)

    BC        before Christ (s. caps.), should always be placed after the
              numerals

    b.c.      (meteor.), partly cloudy sky

    BCA       Bureau of Current Affairs

    BCC       British Copyright Council, -- Council of Churches, Crown Colony

    BCD       (comp.), binary coded decimal

    BCE       Bachelor of Civil Engineering; before Christian (or Common) Era
              (see ACE)

    BCG       bacillus of Calmette and Gu÷rin (anti-TB inoculation)

    B.Ch., B.Chir.
              Bachelor of Surgery

    B.Ch.D., BDS
              Bachelor of Dental Surgery

    BCL       Bachelor of Civil Law

    B.Com., B.Comm., B.Com.Sc.
              Bachelor of Commerce

    BCP       Book of Common Prayer

 2.5 BD...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BD        Bachelor of Divinity

    Bd.       (Ger.), Band (a volume)

    bd.       board, bond, bound

    BDA       British Dental Association

    Bde.      (Ger.), Bände (volumes)

    Bde. Maj. Brigade Major

    bdg.      binding

    bdl., bdls.
              bundle, -s

    Bdr.      Bombardier

    BDS       Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Bomb Disposal Squad

    bds.      (bound in) boards

 2.6 BE...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BE        B.Eng., Bachelor of Engineering

    Be        beryllium (no point)

    b.e.      bill of exchange

    BEA       British Epilepsy Association, -- Esperanto Association, --
              European Airways (see BA)

    beach-la-mar
              pidgin English of W.  Pacific

    bear      (Stock Exchange), speculator for a fall

    beard     (typ.), the space between the bottom of the x-height (q.v.) and
              the upper edge of the shank

    beargarden
              (one word)

    B÷arnaise rich white sauce

    bearskin  military cap (one word)

    beastings use bee-

    beasts of the chase
              (law), buck, doe, fox, marten, roe; ditto forest (law), boar,
              hare, hart, hind, wolf; ditto warren (law), cony and hare; ditto
              of venery (law) are "beasts of the forest"

    beatae memoriae
              (Lat.), of blessed memory; abbr. BM

    Beata/ Maria
              or -- Virgo (Lat.), the Blessed Virgin; abbr. BM or BV (no
              points). See also BMV, BVM

    Beatles (the)
              pop group, fl. 1960s

    beatnik   member of "beat" generation

    beau      (pl. beaux), not ital.

    Beauclerc sobriquet of Henry I

    Beauclerk fam. name of Duke of St Albans

    Beaudelaire
              use Bau-

    beau-fils (Fr. m.), son-in-law, stepson; without hyphen, beautiful son

    Beaufort scale
              of wind force (one cap.); for details see under wind

    beau ideal
              model of excellence (not ital.)

    beauidealize
              not -ise (one word)

    Beaujolais
              a burgundy

    Beaulieu  Hants

    beau monde
              the fashionable world

    Beaune    a burgundy

    beau-përe (Fr. m.), father-in-law, stepfather; without hyphen, beautiful
              father

    beaux-arts
              (Fr. pl. m.), fine arts

    beaux/ esprits
              (Fr. pl. m.), brilliant wits, sing. bel esprit; -- yeux, good
              looks

    beccafico/
              small edible Italian bird, not beca-; pl. -s

    b÷chamel  (Fr. cook.), white sauce named after B÷chamel, steward of Louis
              XIV

    béche-de-mer
              sea-slug, a Chinese delicacy

    Bechstein (Friedrich Wilhelm Carl)
              1826-1900, German pianoforte maker; -- (Johann Matthäus),
              1757-1822, German naturalist

    Bechuana/, -land
              S. Africa. See Botswana

    Becket (å)
              see å Becket

    Beckett (Samuel)
              1906-89, Irish writer

    becquerel unit of radioactivity, abbr. Bq

    Becquerel French family of physicists: -- (Antoine C÷sar), 1788-1878,
              father of -- (Alexandre Edmond), 1820-91, father of -- (Antoine
              Henri), 1852-1908, discoverer of radioactive -- rays, now gamma
              rays

    bed       (typ.), the part of the press on which the forme lies

    B.Ed.     Bachelor of Education

    bedaw/een, -i, -in
              use bedouin

    bed/bug, -clothes
              (one word)

    Beddgelert
              Gwynedd, not Beth-

    bedeguar  mosslike excrescence on roses

    bedel     Oxford official form of beadle; at Cambridge and London, bedell

    Bedfordshire
              abbr. Beds.

    bedouin   a desert Arab, not the many variants; pl. same

    bed/owy   use -ouin

    bed/pan, -post, -ridden, -room
              (one word)

    Beds.     Bedfordshire

    bed/-sitter, -sitting-room
              (hyphens)

    bed/sore, -time
              (one word)

    bed/uin   use -ouin

    beefsteak (one word)

    beehive   (one word)

    beerhouse (law), where beer is sold to be drunk on or off the premises

    beer-mat  (hyphen)

    beershop  (law), where beer is sold to be drunk off the premises

    beestings first milk from a mammal, not bea-, bie-

    beeswax   (noun and verb)

    Beethoven (Ludwig van not von)
              1770-1827, German composer; divide Beet-hoven

    BEF       British Expeditionary Force

    be/fall   not -fal; past -fell

    Beggar's Opera
              not -s'

    behemoth  biblical animal (book of Job), thought to be the hippopotamus

    behoof    (noun), benefit

    behove    (verb), to be incumbent on

    Behring (Emil von)
              1854-1917, German bacteriologist

    Behring Isle, Sea
              and Strait, use Bering

    beignet   (Fr. m.), a fritter

    Beijing   Pinyin form of Peking

    Beinn Bhuidhe
              near Inveraray, Strathclyde. See also Ben Buie

    Beirut    Lebanon, not Ba-, Bai-, Beyrout(h). See also Bayreuth

    bel       unit of ten decibels (decibel is more often used); abbr. B

    Belalp    Switz. (one word)

    Bel and the Dragon
              (Apocr.), abbr.  Bel & Dr.

    beldam    (arch.), a hag, not -e

    Bel÷m     Brazil, formerly ParÁ

    bel/ esprit
              (Fr. m.), a brilliant wit, pl. beaux esprits; -- ÷tage, the
              first floor, not belle --

    Belgique  (Fr. f.), Belgium; belge, Belgian (not cap., unless used as a
              noun)

    Belg/ium, -ian, -ic
              abbr. Belg.

    Belgrade  Yugoslavia

    believable
              not -eable

    Belitung  Indonesia, not Billiton

    Belize/   Cent. America, formerly British Honduras; adj. -an

    Bell (Acton, Currer, Ellis)
              see Brontê

    belladonna
              (bot.), deadly nightshade (one word)

    belle     (not ital.)

    belle/ amie
              (Fr. f.), female friend; ---de-jour (bot.), convolvulus; ---
              de-nuit (bot.), marvel of Peru; -- epoque, before 1914; --
              fille, daughter-in-law, stepdaughter; without hyphen, beautiful
              girl; -- laide, fascinatingly ugly woman

    Belle-íle-en-Mer
              d÷p. Morbihan, France (hyphens)

    Belle Isle (Straits of)
              between Newfoundland and Labrador

    Belleisle Co. Fermanagh

    belle-mëre
              (Fr. f.), mother-in-law, stepmother; without hyphen, beautiful
              mother

    belles-lettres
              literature, is pl.  (hyphen)

    belletrist/
              one devoted to belles- lettres; adj. -ic (not -ettr-)

    Bell Island
              off NE coast of Newfoundland

    Bell Rock North Sea. See also Inchcape Rock

    Bel/oochee, -uchi
              use Baluchi

    Belorussia
              White Russia, a Soviet Socialist Republic, not Bye-. See also
              USSR

    belvedere (It.), a raised building, not belvi- (not ital.)

    Belvedere Kent; Calif., US

    Belvidere Ill., US

    Belvoir   castle, Leics.

    BEM       British Empire Medal

    Benares   India, off. Varanasi; in Hindi Banaras

    Ben Buie  Mull, Strathclyde. See also Beinn Bhuidhe

    bench-mark
              (hyphen)

    Ben Day   (typ.), mechanical method for producing shading and stippling
              effects

    Benedic   canticle from Psalm 103

    Benedicite
              the "Song of the Three Children", from Apocr., as canticle

    benedick  confirmed bachelor newly married, not -ict (from a character in
              Shakespeare's Much Ado about Nothing)

    Benedictus
              the Canticle of Zacharias (Luke 1: 68 ff.), or a choral passage
              in the Mass, beginning Benedictus qui venit (Matt. 21: 9)

    benefactor
              not -er

    beneficent
              not -ficient

    benefit/, -ed, -ing


    Benelux   Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg

    Benet     English form of the name Benedict; used of St Benedict and
              institutions bearing his name, e.g.  St Benet's Church, -- --
              Hall

    Bene't Street
              Cambridge

    Ben÷t (Stephen Vincent)
              1898-1943, and -- (William Rose), 1886-1950, his brother, US
              poets

    B.Eng.    Bachelor of Engineering

    Bengali/  person born in, language of, (adj.) of Bengal, not -ee, pl.  -s;
              abbr. Beng.

    Benghazi  Libya, not -gasi

    Ben-Gurion (David)
              1886-1973, Israeli statesman

    Ben/ Lawers
              Tayside; -- Macdhui, Grampian

    Bennet    family name of Earl of Tankerville; family in Austen's Pride &
              Prejudice; -- (John), c.1600, English madrigalist

    Bennett (Enoch Arnold)
              1867-1931, English writer; -- (Richard Rodney), b. 1936, and --
              (William Sterndale), 1816-75, English composers

    benth/al  of ocean depths exceeding 6,000 feet; -os, the flora and fauna
              of the sea-bottom, as opp. to plankton

    Bentham (George)
              1800-84, botanist; -- (Jeremy), 1748-1832, English polit.
              philosopher

    ben trovato
              (It.), well invented

    Ben Venue Central (two words)

    ben venuto
              (It.), welcome

    Ben/ Vorlich, -- Vrackie
              Tayside

    Benzedrine
              (med.), propr. term for an inhalant or nerve stimlant, not -in
              (cap.)

    benzene   a substance obtained from coal-tar

    benzine   a spirit obtained from petroleum

    benzoin   aromatic resin of Japanese tree

    benzol    crude benzene, not -ole

    benzoline benzine

    Beowulf   Anglo-Saxon epic

    bequeather
              a testator

    B÷ranger (Pierre Jean de)
              1780-1857, French poet

    berberry  use bar-

    berceau   (Fr. m.), cradle

    berceaunette
              use bassinet

    berceuse  (Fr. f.), a cradle song

    Berg/     (Ger. m.), a mountain; pl. -e (cap.)

    berg      (Afrik.), a mountain

    Bergamask native of Bergamo, Lombardy; bergamasque, rustic dance
              attributed to them

    bergamot  tree (of citrus family; type of pear, not burg-

    Bergerac  d÷p. Dordogne, Erance; wine made there; -- (Savinien Cyrano de),
              1619-55, French writer

    Bergman (Ingmar)
              b. 1918, Swedish film and theatre director; -- (Ingrid),
              1917-82, Swedish actress

    Bergson (Henri)
              1859-1941, French philosopher

    beriberi  tropical disease, not -ria (one word)

    Bering (Vitus Jonassen)
              1680-1741, Danish navigator

    Bering Isle, Sea
              and Strait, not Beh-, -ings

    Berkeleian
              of the philosopher Berkeley

    Berkeley  Calif., US; -- (George, Bishop), 1685-1753, Irish philosopher;
              -- (Sir Lennox), 1903-89, English composer

    berkelium symbol Bk

    Berkhamsted
              Herts.

    Berks.    Berkshire

    Bernard (Claude)
              1813-78, French physiologist

    Bernardine
              Cistercian, from St Bernard of Clairvaux, 1091-1153

    Berne     Swiss canton and town, in Ger. Bern; -- Convention (1886 and
              later revisions) deals with copyright: there are now over sixty
              members (incl. UK but not US or USSR). Basically each
              member-nation extends benefit of its two copyright laws to works
              by citizens of other member-nations, and no registration of the
              book or claim to copyright is required. The author also has the
              "moral right" during his lifetime to object to any alteration of
              his work, regardless of copyright-ownership.  See also Universal
              Copyright Convention

    Berners (Gerald Hugh Tyrwhitt-Wilson, Baron)
              1883-1950, English composer; -- (John Bourchier, Baron),
              1467-1533, English translator; -- (Dame Juliana), wrote Boke of
              St Albans, first ed.  1486

    Bernhardt (Rosine called "Sarah")
              1845-1923, actress

    Bernoulli family of Swiss mathematicians, not -illi

    bernouse  Arab cloak, use burnous

    bersaglier/e
              (It.), a rifleman; pl.  -i

    Berthelot (Pierre Eugene Marcelin)
              1827-1907, French chemist and statesman

    Berthollet (comte Claude Louis)
              1748-1822, French chemist

    Berwickshire
              former county of Scotland

    beryllium symbol Be

    Berzelius (Jæns Jakob, baron)
              1779-1848, Swedish chemist

    B. ës A.  now B. ës L.

    Besanúon  d÷p. Doubs, France

    B. ës L.  (Fr.), Bachelier ës lettres (Bachelor of letters)

    beso/ las manos
              (Sp.), "I kiss the hands" (frequently said or written); -- los
              pies, "I kiss the feet"

    B. ës S.  (Fr.), Bachelier ës sciences (Bachelor of Science)

    Bessarabia
              district in Moldavia and Ukraine, ceded by Romania to USSR, 1940

    Bessbrook Co. Armagh

    Bessemer process
              in steel mfr. (one cap.)

    Besses o' th' Barn
              Greater Manchester

    bestialize
              not -ise

    beta/ particle, -- ray
              (two words)

    betatron  apparatus for accelerating electrons

    betel     leaf of betel-pepper, chewed in East

    betel-nut misnomer for areca-nut, chewed with betel

    Betelgeuse
              (astr.), red star in Orion, not -x

    béte noire
              (Fr. f.), one's pet aversion, not -- noir; pl. -es -es

    bethel    Nonconformist chapel (not cap.)

    bétise    (Fr. f.), stupidity

    Betjeman (Sir John)
              1906-84, English poet and writer on architecture; appointed Poet
              Laureate 1972

    betony    (bot.), not bett-

    better    one who bets, not -or

    Betws-y-coed
              Gwynedd (hyphens)

    Bevan (Aneurin)
              1897-1960, Welsh politician. See also Bevin

    bevel/, -led, -ling


    Beveridge (William Henry, Baron)
              1879-1963, English economist

    Beverley  Humberside

    Beverly   Miss., US

    Beverly Hills
              Calif., US

    Bevin (Ernest)
              1881-1951, English politician. See also Bevan

    bevy      proper word for a company of ladies, larks, maidens, quails, or
              roes; also in gen. use

    Bewick (Thomas)
              1753-1828, English engraver

    Bexleyheath
              London (one word)

    bey       (Turk.), a governor; Bey of Tunis, formerly ruler of Tunisia
              (cap.)

    beylic    jurisdiction of a bey, not -ik

    Beyrout(h)
              Lebanon, use Beirut

    bezant    gold coin first struck at Byzantium, not by-

 2.7 b.f....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    b.f.      bloody fool, brought forward, (typ.) bold face

    BFBS      British and Foreign Bible Society

    BFI       British Film Institute

    BFPO      British Forces' Post Office

 2.8 BGC
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BGC       bank giro credit

 2.9 Bhagavadgita...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Bhagavadgita
              philosophical dialogue in the Hindu epic Mahabharata

    B'ham     Birmingham

    bhang     Indian hemp, not ba-

    BHC       British High Commissioner

    b.h.p.    brake horsepower

    BHS       British Home Stores

    Bhutan/   protectorate of Rep. of India since 1949; adj. -ese

 2.10 Bi...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Bi        bismuth (no point)

    Biafra    portion of Nigeria, seceded 1967-70

    biannual  half-yearly, but biennial, two-yearly

    bias/, -ed, -ing


    Bib.      Bible

    bib.      biblical

    bibl.     bibliotheca (library)

    Bible     abbr. Bib. (cap., but three bibles = three copies of the Bible).
              See also authorities, quotation marks

    Biblia Pauperum
              medieval "Bible of the poor", in pictures (caps.)

    biblical  (not cap.), abbr. bib.

    bibliograph/er, -ic, -ical, -y;
              abbr. bibliog.

    bibliopeg/y
              bookbinding as a fine art; -ist

    biblio/theca
              (Lat.), a library; -thëcaire (Fr. m.f.), a librarian; -thëque
              (Fr. f.), a library

    Bibliothek/
              (Ger. f.), a library; -ar (Ger. m.), a librarian (caps.)

    bicameral with two legislative chambers

    Bickleigh Devon

    Bickley   Cheshire, London, N. Yorks.

    bid       past bade, partic. bidden, but bid is used for both in auction
              sense (I bid ø10 for it; ø10 was bid) and for partic. in some
              phrases, e.g. do as you are bid

    Biedermeier
              Ger. 19th-c.  conventional artistic and literary style

    biennial  two-yearly, but biannual, half-yearly

    bienni/um a two-year period; pl.  -ums

    biens÷ance
              (Fr. f.), propriety

    bienvenu/ (Fr.), fem. -e, welcome; -e (f.), a welcome

    BIF       British Industries Fair

    biff/÷    (Fr.), fem. -÷e, cancelled

    Bigelow (Erastus Brigham)
              1814-79, US inventor and industrialist; -- (John), 1817-1911, US
              journalist and diplomat

    Biglow Papers (The)
              anti-slavery poems 1848 and 1857-61, by James Russell Lowell

    bigot/, -ed


    bijou/    a "gem"; pl. -x

    Bilbao    Spain

    bilberry  not bill-

    bilbo/    Spanish sword or rapier; pl.  -s

    bilboes   pl., fetters

    Bildungsroman
              (Ger. m.), novel of early life

    bile-duct (hyphen)

    bill      (parliamentary) (cap. when part of title)

    billet/, -ed, -ing


    billet-doux
              a love letter; pl.  billets-doux (hyphens)

    billiard/-ball, -cue
              etc., not billiards- (hyphens)

    billion   in Britain, France (since 1948), and Germany, a million
              millions; in USA, and increasingly in British usage, a thousand
              millions; abbr. bn. See also trillion

    Billiton  Indonesia, use Belitung

    bill of/ exchange
              abbr. b.e.; -- -- lading, abbr. b.l; -- -- sale, abbr. b.s.

    biltong   (Afrik.), sun-dried meat

    Biluchi   use Bal-

    BIM       British Institute of Management

    bimetall/ic, -ism, -ist


    bimillenary
              (adj. and noun), (designating) a period of 2,000 years; a
              two-thousandth anniversary

    bi-monthly
              avoid as ambiguous; use (adj. or adv.) semi-monthly or (adv.)
              twice a month, every two months, as appropriate

    bindery   a bookbinder's establishment

    binnacle  (naut.), a compass-stand

    binocle   a field-glass

    binocular/
              (adj.), for two eyes; -s (pl. noun), field- or opera-glasses

    Binstead  IW

    Binsted   Hants, W. Sussex

    Binyon (Laurence)
              1869-1943, English poet

    biochemist/, -ry
              (one word)

    biodegradable
              (one word)

    biograph/er, -ic, -ical, -y;
              abbr.  biog.

    biological nomenclature:
              see Hart's Rules, pp. 6-7

    biolog/y, -ical;
              abbr. biol.

    bio/mathematics, -physics
              (one word)

    Bipont/, -ine
              books printed at Bipontium (Zweibrâcken), W. Germany

    bird-bath (hyphen)

    bird/cage, -seed
              (one word)

    birds-eye view
              (one Hyphen)

    bird/-song, -table
              (hyphens)

    Birmingham
              abbr. Birm., B'ham; -- Small Arms, BSA

    Birnam    Tayside, immortalized in Shakespeare's Macbeth

    Birstall  Leics., W. Yorks.

    birth certificate
              (two words)

    birth/-control, -rate
              (hyphens)

    birthmark (one word)

    birthplace
              abbr. bpl.

    birthright
              (one word)

    BIS       Bank for International Settlements

    bis       (Fr., It., Lat.), twice, encore

    bis.      bissextile

    Biscayan  abbr. Bisc., pertaining to Biscay, Spain; Basque

    bis dat qui cito dat
              (Lat.), he gives twice who gives quickly

    bise      (Fr. f.), cold N. wind in S.  France

    BISF      British Iron and Steel Federation

    Bishop    abbr. Bp., (chess) B

    Bishopbriggs
              Strathclyde

    Bishop in partibus infidelium
              RC bishop taking title from ancient see situated "in territory
              of unbelievers", now termed "Titular Bishop"

    Bishop Rock
              lighthouse, Scilly Is.

    Bishop's/ Castle
              Shropshire; -- Cleeve, Glos.; -- Frome, Hereford & Worc.; --
              Lydeard, Som. (apos.)

    bishop's signature
              usually consists of Christian name and diocese (John
              Birmingham). For special spellings and punctuation of certain
              signatures refer to individual entries in this book

    Bishop's Stortford
              Herts. (apos.)

    Bishopsteignton
              Devon (one word)

    Bishopston
              Avon, W. Glam.

    Bishopstone
              Bucks., Hereford & Worc., Kent, E. Sussex, Wilts.

    Bishop's Waltham
              Hants (apos.)

    Bishopthorpe
              residence of Abp. of York (one word)

    Bishopton Co. Durham, N. Yorks., Strathclyde

    bisk      use bisque

    Bismarck (Karl Otto Eduard Leopold Furst von)
              1815-98, German statesman, not -ark

    bismillah (Arab.), "in the name of God", not biz-

    bismuth   symbol Bi

    bisque    in tennis, croquet, golf; unglazed white porcelain; rich soup
              (not ital.)

    bissextile
              (noun and adj.), Latin leap year, abbr. bis.

    bistoury  surgeon's scalpel

    bit       (US), 12.5 cents; (comp.)  binary digit (see also byte)

    bitts     (naut., pl.) pair of posts on deck for fastening cables, etc.

    bitumin/ize, -ous


    bivouac/, -ked, -king


    bi-weekly avoid as ambiguous; use (adj. or adv.) semi-weekly or
              fortnightly, (adv.) twice a week or every two weeks, as
              appropriate

    bizarre   (not ital.)

    Bizet (Georges)
              1838-75, French composer

 2.11 Bk...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Bk        berkelium (no point)

    bk.       bank, book

    bkg.      banking

    bkt., bkts.
              basket, -s

 2.12 BL...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BL        Bachelor of Law, ditto Letters, ditto Literature, British
              Leyland, ditto Library

    bl.       bls., bale, -s, barrel, -s

    b.l.      bill of lading

    Black     a Negro (cap.)

    black     (typ.) a space inked in

    Blackburn:
              sig. of Bp. of Blackburn (colon)

    blackcock see black game

    Blackfoot (N. Amer. Indian), pl.  Blackfeet

    Blackfriars
              London

    black game
              (two words), black grouse; male, blackcock (one word), female
              grey-hen (hyphen)

    black letter
              (typ.) general term for Gothic or Old English (q.v) type.  See
              also Fraktur

    blacklist (noun and verb, one work)

    Black Maria
              prison van (two words, caps.)

    Blackmoor Hants

    Blackmore Essex, Shropshire; -- (Richard Doddridge), 1825-1900, English
              writer

    black-out (noun, hyphen)

    black out (verb, two words)

    Blackrock Co. Cork, Cornwall, Co.  Dublin, Gwent, Co. Louth

    Blackrod  Gr. Manchester

    Black Rod abbr. for "Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod"

    Blackshirt/
              a Fascist; -ed (one word)

    blaeberry Sc. and N. Eng. for bilberry

    Blaenau Ffestiniog
              Gwynedd (no hyphen)

    blague/   (Fr. f.), humbug; -ur (m.), hoaxer

    Blairadam Fife (one word)

    Blair Atholl
              Tayside (caps., no hyphen)

    Blairgowrie
              Tayside (one word)

    Blairs College
              Aberdeen (no apos.)

    blameable see -able

    blancmange
              (cook.) (one word, not ital.)

    Bland (Mrs)
              see Nesbit

    blanket/, -ed, -ing


    blanquette
              (Fr. cook. f.), white meat in white sauce

    Blantyre  Strathclyde, Malawi

    blas/÷    bored with enjoyment (not ital.); fem. -÷e

    Blatherwycke
              Northants, not wyck, -wick

    bldg., bldgs.
              building, -s

    bled, bleed
              (typ.) an illustration going to the trimmed edge

    bleed     (bind.), to overcut the margins and mutilate the printing

    blesbok   (Afrik.) an antelope, not -buck

    blind/ blocking
              or -- tooling (bind.), see blocking

    B.Lit.    Bachelor of Literature

    B.Litt.   Baccalaureus Literarum (Bachelor of Letters)

    blitzkrieg
              (Ger.), violent attack; Eng. colloq. blitz

    blk.      (typ.), block, -s

    B LL      Bachelor of Laws

    bloc      (Fr.), combination of nations or parties

    Bloch (Ernest)
              1880-1959, Swiss-American composer

    block     (typ.), letterpress printing plate for an illustration, (brass)
              stamp to impress book-cover

    blocking  (bind.), impressing lettering or a design into the case of book;
              blind --, without foil or colour; gold --, with gold foil

    Block (Maurice)
              1816-1901, French economist

    Blok (Alexander Alexandrovich)
              1880-1921, Russian poet

    blond/    fair-complexioned; light-coloured (of hair); fem. -e (not ital.)

    blood/ bank -- cell, -- count, --
              group (two words)

    blood/-pressure, -supply
              (hyphens)

    blood sport
              (two words)

    bloodstain/, -ed
              (one word)

    bloodstream
              (one word)

    blottesque
              painting with blotted touches (not ital.)

    blow      partic. blown, but blowed in sense "cursed" (well I'm blowed)

    blow-up   (noun), an enlarged picture (hyphen)

    blow up   (verb), to enlarge (two words)

    blowzy    coarse-looking, not blou-, -sy

    Blubberhouses
              N. Yorks. (one word)

    Blâcher (Gebhard Leberecht von)
              1742-1819, German field marshal

    bluebell  (one word)

    blue book Parliamentary or Privy Council report (two words)

    blueing   not blui-

    blueish   use bluish

    bluejacket
              RN sailor (one word)

    blueprint (one word)

    blue-printing
              a photog. process (hyphen)

    bluestocking
              but Blue Stocking Society

    bluey     bluelike

    bluing    use blueing

    bluish    not blue-

    Blundellsands
              Merseyside (one word)

    blurb     eulogy or r÷sum÷ of book, printed on jacket

    Blut und Eisen
              (Ger.), blood and iron

    Blyth     Northumberland

    Blyth Bridge
              Borders

    Blythebridge
              Staffs.

 2.13 BM...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BM        Bachelor of Medicine, ditto Music; Beata Maria (the Blessed
              Virgin), beatae memoriae (of blessed memory); bench-mark;
              British Museum

    BMA       British Medical Association

    BME       Bachelor of Mining Engineering

    B.Met.    Bachelor of Metallurgy

    BMJ       British Medical Journal

    BMR       basal metabolic rate

    B.Mus.    Bachelor of Music

    BMV       Beata Maria Virgo (Blessed Virgin Mary)

 2.14 bn....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    bn.       battalion, billion

    B'nai B'rith
              sons of covenant, Jewish fraternity (two apos.)

    BNB       British National Bibliography

    BNC       Brasenose College, Oxford

 2.15 BO...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BO        body odour

    b.o.      box-office, branch office, broker's order, brought over, buyer's
              option

    BOA       British Optical Association, -- Olympic Association

    Boabdil   last Moorish king of Granada, 1482-92; d. c.1533

    BOAC      British Overseas Airways Corporation (see BA)

    Boadicea  use Boudicca

    Boanerges sing. or pl., loud preacher(s)

    boarding/-house, -school
              (hyphens)

    Board of Trade
              abbr. B.o.T. or B.  of T., absorbed in Department of Trade and
              Industry, 1970

    boatswain contr. bos'n

    boat-yard (hyphen)

    Bobadil   braggart, from Bobadill in Jonson's Every Man in His Humour

    bobolink  N. American songbird

    bob-white American quail

    Boccaccio (Giovanni)
              1313-75, Italian writer (four cs)

    Boccherini (Luigi)
              1743-1850, Italian composer

    Bodhisattva
              in Buddhism and Hinduism, person able to reach nirvana

    Bodicote  Oxon.

    Bodleian Library
              abbr. Bod. Lib., Bodl., Bodley

    Bodoni (Giambattista)
              1740-1813, Italian printer and punch-cutter; designer of Bodoni
              type

    body      (typ.), the measurement from front to back of the shank of a
              piece of type; in the Anglo-American system 12 pt. = 0.166 in.
              See also Didot

    body-blow (hyphen)

    bodyguard (one word)

    body-weight
              (hyphen)

    Boeotia/  district of cent. Greece; -n, stupid

    Boerhaave (Herman), 1668-1738, Dutch naturalist

    Boethius  (Anicius), AD 470-525, Roman statesman and philosopher

    boeuf     (Fr. m.), beef

    B. of T.  Board of Trade, q.v.

    bogey     in golf

    bogie     wheeled undercarriage

    Bogota    NJ, US

    BogotÁ    Colombia, S. America

    bog/y     ghost, not -ey pi. -ies

    Bohemian  (noun and adj.), socially unconventional (person); bohemianism
              (not cap.)

    Bohr (Niels Hendrik David)
              1885-1962, and his son -- (Aage), b.  1922, Danish physicists

    Boìeldieu (Franúois Adrien)
              1775-1834, French composer

    boiler-room
              (hyphen)

    boiler suit
              (two words)

    boiling-point
              (hyphen), abbr. BP or b.p.

    Bokhara   river, NSW, Australia. See Bukhara for the town in Uzbekistan

    Bokmöl    see Riksmöl

    bold-face type, as this;
              indicated in copy by wavy underline; abbr.  b.f.

    bolero/   Spanish dance, woman's short jacket; pl. -s

    Boleyn (Anne)
              1507-36, 2nd wife of Henry VIII of England

    BolÂvar (Sim×n)
              1783-1830, S.  American patriot

    bolivar   Venezuelan monetary unit

    Bolivia/, -n
              abbr. Bol.

    Bæll (Heinrich)
              1917-85, German writer

    Bologna   Italy, in Lat. Bononia; adj. Bolognese, but spaghetti bolognese

    bolometer radiation measurer

    boloney   humbug, not bal-

    Bolshevik advocate of proletarian dictatorship by soviets; member of
              majority group of Russian Social Democratic Party, later the
              Communist Party, opp. to Menshevik

    bolts     (bind.), the three outer edges of a folded sheet before trimming

    Boltzmann constant
              (phys.), symbol k

    bolus/    large pill; pl. -es

    Bombardier
              cap. as title; abbr.  Bdr.

    bombazine a fabric, not -basine, -bazeen, -bycine

    bombe     (Fr. cook. f.), conical confection

    bona/ fide
              (Lat.), genuinely; -- fides, good faith (no accent)

    Bonaparte not Buonaparte, Corsican family

    bona/ peritura
              (Lat.), perishable goods; -- vacantia, unclaimed goods

    bon-bon   a kind of sweet; bon- bonniëre, a box for sweets

    bon-chr÷tien
              a pear; pl. bons- chr÷tiens

    bond      abbr. bd.

    bondholder
              (one word)

    bond paper
              a hard, strong paper

    Bonduca   use Boudicca

    Bo'ness   Central (apos., being orig.  Borrowstounness). See also Bowness

    Boney     sobriquet of Napoleon. See also bony

    bon/ goãt (Fr. m.), good taste; -- gr÷, mal gr÷, whether one likes or not

    Bonheur (Rosa)
              1822-99, French painter

    bonhomie  (Fr. f.), good nature

    bonhomme  (Fr. m.), a pleasant fellow, a friar

    Bonhomme (Jacques)
              the French peasant

    bonjour   (Fr. m.), good-day (one word)

    bon/ march÷
              (Fr.), a cheap shop, cheap; -- mot, a witticism, pl.  bons mots
              (two words)

    bonne     (Fr. f.), a maid

    bonne bouche
              (Fr.), a dainty morsel, pl. bonnes bouches; bonne/ foi, good
              faith; -- fortune, success, pl. bonnes fortunes; -- grçce,
              gracefulness, pl. bonnes graces

    bonnet/, -ed, -ing


    bonnet rouge
              (Fr. m.), Republican's cap

    Bononia   Lat. for Bologna, Italy

    bonsai    (Jap.), dwarfed plant

    bonsoir   (Fr. m.), good-evening, good-night (one word)

    bontebok  (Afrik.), pied antelope, not -buck

    bon ton   (Fr. m.), good style

    bon vivant/
              one fond of luxurious food (no hyphen, not ital.); pl.  -s. The
              fem., bonne vivante, is not in French usage

    bon viveur
              one who lives luxuriously (not in French usage)

    bon voyage!
              (Fr.), a pleasant journey!

    bony      not -ey. See also Boney

    Booerhave see Boerhaave

    book/     -s, abbr. bk., bks.

    bookbind/er, -ing
              (one word)

    book-end  (hyphen)

    bookkeep/er, -ing
              (one word)

    booklet   (typ.), usually an inset, saddle-stitched piece of printing,
              with limp cover

    bookmak/er, -ing
              (one word)

    bookmark(er)
              (one word)

    book-plate
              (hyphen)

    books (cited titles of)
              in italic; but series titles roman

    book/seller, -stall
              (one word)

    Booksellers Association
              abbr. BA

    book sizes
              (typ.): the following are the standard untrimmed book sizes in
              mm., 4to and 8vo: metric crown, 252 x 192, 192 x 126; metric
              large crown, 264 x 204, 204 x 132; metric demy, 282 x 222, 222 x
              141; metric royal, 318 x 240, 240 x 159; A4, 303 x 213; A5, 216
              x 151. For the former sizes see crown, demy, foolscap, imperial,
              medium, pott, royal, small royal

    books of Scripture
              (typ.), not to be italic, nor quoted; for abbrs. see separate
              titles

    book trim (bind.): standard trim is 3 mm. off head, foredge, and tail
              margins

    bookwork  (one word)

    Boole/ (George)
              1815-64, English logician and mathematician; adj.  -an

    Boone (Daniel)
              1735-1820, American explorer and colonizer

    Boætes    (astr.), the constellation

    booze     (to) drink, not -se, house, bowze

    Bophuthatswana
              S. Africa, indep.  1977

    bor.      borough

    Borak (Al)
              the winged horse on which Muhammad, in a vision, ascended to
              heaven

    Bordeaux  d÷p. Gironde, France; a claret or any wine of Bordeaux

    Bordeaux mixture
              of lime and copper sulphate, to kill fungus and insect parasites
              on plants

    border    (typ.), an ornament

    bordereau a memorandum, docket

    borderland
              (one word)

    Borders   region of Scotland

    Boreas    (Gr. myth.), god of the north wind

    Borehamwood
              Herts.

    Borghese  Italian family

    Borgia (Cesare)
              1476-1507; -- (Lucrezia), 1480-1519

    born/     of child, with reference to birth, abbr. b.; -e, carried, also
              of birth when 'by' (with name of mother) follows

    born/÷    (Fr.),fem. -÷e, narrow-minded

    Borodin (Alexander Porfiryevich)
              1834-87, Russian composer and chemist

    boron     symbol B

    borough   abbr. bor.

    Borstal   institution for reformative training (cap.)

    bortsch   Russian soup

    borzoi/   Russian wolfhound; pl. -s

    bosbok    Afrik. for bushbuck

    Bosch (Hieronymus)
              ?1450-1516, Dutch painter

    bos'n     contr. of boatswain

    Bosporus  strait separating European and Asian Turkey, not Bosph-

    Bossuet (Jacques Benigne)
              1627-1704, French bishop and writer

    Boswellize
              to write laudatory biography (cap.)

    B.o.T.    Board of Trade, q.v.

    bot/      not -tt; -fly (hyphen)

    botanize  not -ise

    botan/y, -ical, -ist
              abbr. bot.; genera, species, and varieties to be ital.; all
              other divisions roman: Rosales (order); Rosaceae (family); Rosa
              (genus); Rosa moschata (species); Rosa moschata var. nastarana
              (variety); Rosa moschata cv. Plena (cultivar).  Specific and
              infraspecific epithets, even when derived from names of persons,
              should be l.c.:  Lilium wardii, Camellia x williamsii, not
              Wardii, Williamsii.  Also l.c. are names of flowers used
              non-technically, as geranium, lobelia. See Hart's Rules, pp. 6-7

    bothy     (Sc.), hut, not -ie

    bo-tree   sacred tree of India

    Botswana  S. African independent republic 1966, formerly Bechuanaland

    Botticelli (Sandro)
              1447-1515, Florentine painter

    Boucicault (Dion)
              1822-90, Irish playwright

    Boudicca  d. AD 61, Queen of Iceni

    boudoir   (not ital.)

    bouffant  puffed out, as a dress (not ital.)

    bougainvillaea
              trop. plant with rosy bracts

    Bouguereau (William Adolphe)
              1825-1905, French painter

    bouillabaisse
              thick fish soup (not ital.)

    bouilli   (Fr. m.), stewed meat (not ital.)

    bouillon  broth (not ital.)

    boul.     boulevard

    boule     a French game akin to bowls (not ital.)

    boule     (inlay), usually spelt buhl, q.v.

    Boule     legislative council in ancient Greek city-state

    boulevard/
              (Fr. m.), abbr. boul.; -ier, a "man about town"

    boulevers/÷
              (Fr.), overturned; -ement (m.), a violent inversion

    Boulez    (Pierre), b. 1925, French composer

    Boulogne  d÷ps. Haute-Garonne and Pas-de-Calais, France

    bounceable
              not -cable

    bouncy    not bouncey

    bound     abbr. bd.

    bouquetin the ibex

    bouquinist
              second-hand bookseller:  in Fr. m. bouquiniste

    bourgeois/
              (Fr.), fem. -e, one of the middle class; -ie, the middle class
              (not ital.)

    bourgeois (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 9 pt.; pron.
              berjoyce (stress on second syllable)

    Bourn     Cambs.

    bourn     stream, (arch.) a limit, not -ne

    Bourne    Lincs.

    Bournemouth
              Dorset

    Bournville
              Birmingham

    bourr÷e   (Fr.), old lively dance, music for this (not ital.)

    bourse    foreign money-market, esp.  Paris

    bouse     (naut.), to haul, not -wse.  See also booze

    boustrophedon
              written from left to right and right to left on alternate lines,
              esp. in Gr.  inscriptions

    boutique  small shop (often within a shop) for individual clothes and
              accessories

    boutonniëre
              (Fr. f.), a buttonhole

    bouts-rim÷s
              rhymed endings

    Bouvet I. (Norw.), Antarctic Ocean

    bowdlerize
              to expurgate, from Dr T.  Bowdler (not cap.)

    bowled    (cricket), abbr. b.

    Bowness   Cumbria. See also Bo'ness

    Boxing Day
              first weekday after Christmas Day (caps.)

    box number
              (two words)

    box-office
              (hyphen), abbr. b.o.

    boycott   to exclude from society or business, from Capt. Boycott (not
              cap.)

    Boy Scout now Scout

 2.16 BP...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BP        British Petroleum, -- Pharmacopoeia; boiling-point

    BP        before present (s. caps.), year to precede

    Bp.       Bishop

    b.p.      below proof, bills payable, blood-pressure, boiling-point

    BPC       British Pharmaceutical Codex

    B.Phil.   Bachelor of Philosophy

    b.p.i.    (comp.), bits (see bit) per inch

    BPIF      British Printing Industries Federation

    bpl.      birthplace

 2.17 Bq
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Bq        becquerel

 2.18 BR...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BR        British Rail (formerly Railways)

    Br        bromine (no point)

    Br.       British, Brother (monastic title)

    bra       colloq. for brassiëre (no point)

    "Brabanúonne (La)"
              Belgian national anthem

    brace     (typ.), see punctuation XIV

    bracket/,-ed,-ing


    brackets  (typ.), square [], angle; not the parentheses or round form ().
              See punctuation XI

    Bradford: sig. of Bp. of Bradford (colon)

    Braggadochio
              in Spenser's Faerie Queene

    braggadocio
              empty boasting (not ital.)

    Brahe (Tycho)
              1546-1601, Danish astronomer

    Brahma    supreme Hindu god (not ital.)

    brahma, brahmaputra
              Asian domestic fowl (not cap.)

    Brahmaputra
              Indian river

    brahmin/  member of Hindu priestly caste; pl. -s; adj. -ical

    Brahmoism reformed theistic Hinduism

    brail     to haul up

    Braille   signs composed of raised dots replacing letters, for the blind

    Braine (John)
              1922-86, English novelist

    braise    (cook.), not -ze. See also braze

    brake/    for wheel, a large vehicle, etc., not break; -- horsepower (two
              words)

    Br. Am.   British America

    Bramah (Ernest)
              1867-1942, English writer; -- (Joseph), 1749-1814, English
              inventor of -- lock etc.

    brand-new not bran-

    Brandt (Willy)
              b. 1913, German statesman, Chancellor of W. Germany 1969-74

    Brandywine
              battle, 1777, of American War of Independence

    brant-goose
              use brent-

    Brantõme (Pierre de Bourdeille, Seigneur de)
              1540-1614, French writer

    Brasilia  new cap. of Brazil, 1960

    brass/ (binder's)
              die for blocking book-cases, pl. -es; -- rule (typ.), for
              printing simple borders or lines between columns of type

    brassard  badge worn on arm

    brasserie beer garden, licensed restaurant; brasserie (Fr. f.), also
              brewery

    brassie   golf-club with brass sole, not -y

    brassiëre woman's undergarment supporting breasts. See also bra

    bratticing
              (archit.) open carved work; (coal-mining) wooden shaft-lining or
              screen

    Brauneberger
              a white wine

    Braunschweig
              Ger. for Brunswick

    brav/a!   (It.), "well done!" to a woman; -o! to a man; brav/o (noun), a
              cry of "well done!"; pl. -os

    bravo/    a desperado; pl. -es

    braze     to solder, not -ise, -ize.  See also braise

    brazier   worker in brass, pan for holding lighted coal, not -sier

    Brazil/, -ian
              abbr. Braz.

    Brazzaville
              cap. of Congo, q.v., Cent. Africa

    BRCS      British Red Cross Society

    BRD       (Ger.), Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany

    bread/board, -crumb
              (one word)

    break/    (typ.), the division into a fresh paragraph; ---line, last one
              of a paragraph: never to begin page, and should have more than
              five letters, except in narrow measures. See also brake

    breakdown (noun), a collapse, analysis of statistics (one word)

    Breakspear (Nicholas)
              Pope Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159, not -eare

    breakthrough
              (noun, one word)

    breakup   (noun, one word)

    breathalyser
              device for testing amount of alcohol in the breath, not -iser,
              -izer; breathalyse, to carry out test

    breathings
              see accents

    breccia   rock composed of angular fragments, not -cchia

    Brechin   Tayside

    Brecht (Bertolt not -th-, -d)
              1898-1956, German playwright

    Brecon    Powys

    breech birth
              (two words)

    breeches-buoy
              life-saving apparatus (hyphen)

    Bren gun  light machine-gun (two words)

    brent-goose
              not bra-

    Brescia   Lombardy, Italy

    Breslau   Ger. for Wroclaw (Poland)

    Bretagne  Fr. for Brittany; Grande --, Great Britain

    Breton    (inhabitant) of Brittany, abbr. Bret.

    Bretton Woods
              New Hampshire, US (UN Monetary Conf., 1944)

    Breughel  use Brueghel or Bruegel, q.v.

    brev.     brevet, -ed

    breve     a curved mark to indicate a short vowel or syllable

    brevet d'invention
              (Fr. m.), a patent

    brevet÷ s.g.d.g.
              (Fr.), patented without government guarantee (sans garantie du
              gouvernement)

    breviary  book containing RC daily service

    brevier   (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 8 pt.; pron.
              breveer (stress on second syllable)

    briar     use -er

    Briarean  many-handed, like Briareus, of Gr. myth., not -ian

    bribable  not -eable

    bric-å-brac
              curiosities in furniture and furnishings (hyphens, accent)

    brick/bat, -work
              (one word)

    Bridge End
              Cumbria, Devon, Lincs., Shetland

    Bridgend  Cornwall, Cumbria (near Patterdale), Donegal, Glos., Lothian,
              Mid Glam., Strathclyde, Tayside

    Bridge of Allan
              Central

    Bridgeport
              Ala., Calif., Conn., Nebr., Penn., Tex. (US)

    Bridges Creek
              Va. (US), bpl. of George Washington

    Bridges (Robert Seymour)
              1844-1930, English poet, Poet Laureate 1913-30

    Bridgeton Glasgow; New Jersey, US

    Bridgetown
              Corn., Som., Staffs., Co. Wexford, Barbados, NS (Canada), W.
              Austral.

    Bridgewater
              NS (Canada); -- (Duke of), 1736-1803, projector of the -- Canal;
              -- (Earl of), 1756-1829, founder of the -- Treatises

    Bridgnorth
              Shropshire

    Bridgwater
              Somerset, not Bridge-

    bridle/-path, -road, -way
              (hyphens)

    brier/, -root, -rose
              (hyphens), not briar, brere

    Brig.     brigad/e, -ier

    Brillat-Savarin (Anthelme)
              1755-1826, French gastronomist

    brilliant (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 3.5 pt.

    bring up  (typ.), to underlay or interlay a block to bring it to printing
              height

    Bri-Nylon propr. term (caps., hyphen)

    brio      (mus.), fire, life, vigour

    briquette block of compressed coal-dust, not -et

    brisling  Norwegian sprat, not brist-

    Bristol:  sig. of Bp. of Bristol (colon)

    Bristol-board
              cardboard used by artists

    Brit.     Britain, Britann/ia, -icus, -ica, British

    Briticism idiom current in Britain, not Britishism

    British/  abbr. Brit.; -- Academy, Association, BA; -- America, Br.  Am.;
              -- Columbia, BC; -- Honduras, now Belize; -- Library, BL; --
              Museum, BM; -- Rail, BR; -- Standard, BS (see BSI)

    britschka use britzka

    Britt.    (on coins), Britanniarum, "of the Britains" (Roman Britannia
              Inferior and Britannia Superior)

    Brittany  in Fr. Bretagne

    Britten (Edward Benjamin, Baron)
              OM, CH, 1913-76, British composer

    britzka   acceptable form for bryczka, q.v.

    Bro.      Brother (monastic title)

    bro., bros.
              brother, -s

    Broad-Churchman
              (caps., hyphen)

    Broad Haven
              Dyfed, Mayo

    Broad Oak Cumbria, Dorset, Hereford & Worc., E. Sussex

    Broadoak  Cornwall, Dorset, Glos., Kent, Shropshire

    Brobdingnag
              land of giants in Swift's Gulliver's Travels

    broccoli  a hardy cauliflower, It.  pl., but Eng. sing. or pl.

    Broderers livery company

    Bromberg  Ger. for Bydgoszcz

    bromine   symbol Br

    bronch/i  pl., the main forks of the windpipe (sing. -us); -ia, pl.,
              ramifications of the above; -ioles, their minute branches

    bronco/   Mexican horse, not -cho; pl. -s

    Brontê (Anne)
              1820-49 ("Acton Bell"); -- (Charlotte), 1816-55 ("Currer Bell");
              -- (Emily), 1818-48 ("Ellis Bell"), English writers

    Bronx (the)
              borough in New York City

    bronzing  (typ.), printing in yellow and then dusting with bronze powder
              to imitate gold

    brooch    a dress-fastening, not -ach

    Brooke    Leics., Norfolk; -- (Baron); -- (Rupert), 1887-1915, English
              poet

    Brookline Mass., US

    Brooklyn  New York

    Brooks's Club
              London, not -es's

    broomstick
              (one word)

    Brother   (monastic title), abbr. Bro.

    brother/  abbr. b. or bro., pl. -s, brethren, abbr. bros.; ---german,
              having same parents; -- -in-law, pl. brothers-in-law;
              ---uterine, having same mother only (hyphens)

    brougham  one-horse or electric closed carriage (not cap.)

    brouhaha  (Fr. m.), a commotion

    Brown (Ford Madox)
              1821-93, English painter; -- (John), 1800-59, US abolitionist;
              -- (Robert), 1773-1858, Scottish botanist

    Browne (Charles Farrar)
              see Ward; -- (Hablot Knight), 1815-82, English artist, pseud.
              Phiz, illustrated Dickens; -- (Sir Thomas), 1605-82, English
              physician and author

    Brownian motion
              of particles (observed by Robert Brown)

    Brownie   junior Guide

    brownie   Sc. house-spirit

    browse    to eat, read desultorily, not -ze

    BRS       British Road Services

    Bruckner (Anton)
              1824-96, Austrian composer

    Bruegel (Pieter)
              c.1520-69, Flemish painter; Brueghel (Pieter, 1564-1638, and
              Jan, 1568-1625), his sons, also painters; not Breu-

    Bruges    Belgium, in Fl. Brugge

    Brummagem abbr. Brum, derog. form of Birmingham; (adj.) tawdry

    Brummell (George Bryan, "Beau")
              1778-1840

    Brunei    NW Borneo

    Brunel (Marc Isambard)
              1769-1849, and -- (Isambard Kingdom), 1806-59, his son, British
              engineers; -- University, Uxbridge, 1966

    Brunelleschi (Filippo)
              1377-1446, Italian architect and sculptor

    Brunhild  (Norse myth.)

    Brânnhilde
              Wagnerian heroine

    Brunonian noun, an alumnus of Brown University, US; adj., of the system of
              medicine of Dr John Brown of Edinburgh, 1736-88

    Brunswick normal Eng. for Braunschweig, Germany

    Brussels  cap. of Belgium, in Fl.  Brussel, in Fr. Bruxelles

    Brussels sprouts
              (cap., no apos.)

    brut      (Fr.), unsweetened

    brutalize not -ise

    Bruxelles Fr. for Brussels

    bryczka   a Polish carriage (the Polish spelling; for Eng. form use
              britzka)

    Bryn Mawr College
              Philadelphia, US

    Brynmawr  Gwent

    bryology  study of mosses; abbr.  bryol.

    Brython   Welsh for Briton, a S.  British Celt

    Brythonic (language) of S. British Celts

 2.19 BS...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BS        Bachelor of Surgery or (US) Science; Blessed Sacrament; British
              Standard

    b.s.      balance sheet, bill of sale

    BSA       Birmingham Small Arms, British School at Athens

    B.Sc.     Bachelor of Science; B.Sc.(Econ.), ditto in faculty of
              Economics; B.Sc.(Eng.), ditto Engineering, Glas.; B.Sc.Tech.,
              Bachelor of Technical Science

    b.s.g.d.g.
              see brevet÷

    BSI       British Standards Institution.  A complete list of British
              Standards is in BS Yearbook.  Standards in fields relevant to
              this dictionary are BS 1219 (Proof correction), BS 1629
              (Bibliographical references), BS 1749 (Alphabetical
              arrangement), BS 1991, Part I (Letter symbols, signs,
              abbreviations), BS 2961 (Typeface nomenclature), BS 2979
              (Transliteration of Cyrillic and Greek characters), BS 3700
              (Index preparation), BS 3763 (SI units), BS 3814 (Glossary of
              rotary press terms), BS 3862 (Symbols for languages,
              geographical areas, and authorities), BS 4148 (Abbreviation of
              periodical titles), BS 4149 (Glossary of paper and ink terms),
              BS 4277 (Terms used in offset lithography), BS 4280
              (Transliteration of Arabic), BS 4812 (Romanization of Japanese),
              BS 5261 (Proof correction and copy preparation), BS 5775
              (Quantities, units and symbols)

    BSJA      British Show Jumping Association

    BSR       British School at Rome

    BST       British Summer Time (before 1968 and from 1972); -- Standard
              Time (1968-71) (both 1 hr. ahead of GMT)

 2.20 Bt....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Bt.       Baronet, not Bart.

    BTA       British Tourist Authority

    B.Th.     Bachelor of Theology

    BTU       (or B.Th.U.) British Thermal Unit

    bty.      battery

 2.21 BU...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BU        Brown University, Rhode Island, US; Baptist Union

    bu.       bushel(s)

    buccaneer piratical adventurer esp.  in seventeenth century, not -ier

    Buccleuch (Duke of)
              not -gh

    Bucellas  white wine from B., near Lisbon

    Buch      (Ger. n.), book; pl. Bâcher

    Bucharest Romania, not Buka-

    Buchausgabe
              (Ger. f.), edition of a book

    Buckinghamshire
              abbr. Bucks.

    Bucknall  Lincs., Staffs.

    Bucknell  Oxon., Shropshire; also American university at Lewisburg, Pa.

    buckram   coarse fabric, (bind.) a good quality cloth

    Budapest  Hungary, not -pesth (one word). Collective name for two towns,
              Buda and Pest

    Buddha    (Skt.), Gautama Siddhartha, d. c.483 BC

    Buddh/ism, -ist;
              if necessary divide at stroke; abbr. Budd.

    budgerigar
              a parakeet

    budget/, -ed, -ing


    buen/as noches
              (Sp.), good-night; -as tardes, good-afternoon; -os dias,
              good-day, good-morning

    Buenos/ Aires
              cap. of Argentine Rep.; also in Panama. Use -- Ayres in titles
              of Arg. railway companies

    buffalo/  pl. -es

    buffer state
              (two words)

    buffet/ -ed, -ing


    Buffon (Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de)
              1707-88, French naturalist

    buhl      (inlaid with) brass, tortoiseshell, etc., German form of boule,
              from Boule (Andre), cabinet-maker to Louis XIV

    building  abbr. bldg., pl. bldgs.

    BUJ       (Baccalaureus utriusque juris), Bachelor of Canon and Civil Law

    Bukarest  use Buch-

    Bukhara   town, Uzbekistan, USSR, not Bo-. See also Bokhara

    buksheesh use bak-

    bulbul    (Pers.), Asian song-thrush; singer or poet

    Bulgaria/, -n
              abbr. Bulg.

    bull      (Stock Exchange), speculator for a rise

    bulletin  (not ital.); abbr. bull.

    bullfight/, -er, -ing
              (one word)

    bullring  (one word)

    bull's-eye
              centre of target, lantern, peppermint sweetmeat (apos. and
              hyphen)

    bull-terrier
              (hyphen)

    bulrush   not bull-

    bulwark   defence, not bull-, -work

    Bulwer-Lytton (Edward George Earle Lytton)
              first Lord Lytton, 1803-73, English novelist

    Bulwer-Lytton (Edward Robert)
              first Earl of Lytton, 1831-91,son of above, English poet and
              diplomat, pseud. Owen Meredith

    bumf      papers

    bumkin    (naut.), projection from bows or stern of ship

    bumpkin   yokel

    bump out  (typ.), increase word or letter spacing to fill a line, or line
              spacing to fill a page

    buncombe  use bunkum

    Bundesanstalt
              German off.  institution since 1945. See Reichsanstalt

    Bundesrat, Bundestag
              (Ger.), upper and lower houses of W. German Parliament

    bundle/, -s
              abbr. bdl/., -s.

    Bunker Hill
              Mass., battle of American War of Independence, 1775, actually
              fought at neighbouring Breed's Hill, not -er's

    bunkum    not -combe

    BuÄuel (Luis)
              1900-83, Spanish-born film director

    Buonaparte
              use Bona-

    buona sera
              (It.), good-evening; buon giorno, good-day

    buoyan/t, -cy


    BUPA      British United Provident Association

    bur       clinging seed-vessel or catkin.  See also burr

    Burckhardt (Jacob Christoph)
              1818-97, Swiss historian

    Burdett-Coutts (Angela Georgina, Baroness)
              1814-1906, English philanthropist

    bureau/   pl. -x (not ital.); -cracy, -crat, adj. -cratic

    Bureau Veritas
              maritime underwriters' association at Brussels (two caps.)

    burg.     burgess, burgomaster

    burgamot  use ber-

    burgeois  see bourgeois (typ.)

    burgess   abbr. burg.

    burgh     (Sc.), a chartered town, not borough

    burgomaster
              (one word); abbr. burg.

    burgrave  a governor, not burgg-

    burgundy  a wine (not cap.)

    burial/ ground, -- place, -- service
              (two words, no caps.)

    burl      a lump in cloth

    burl.     burlesque

    Burlington House
              London, headquarters of Royal Academy, British Association, and
              other artistic and learned bodies

    Burm/a    not -ah; -an, native of Burma, pl. -ans; -ese, native or
              language of Burma

    Burmah Oil Co.
              not Burma

    Burne-Jones (Sir Edward Coley)
              1833-98, English painter (hyphen)

    Burnett (Frances Eliza Hodgson)
              1849-1924, US writer

    Burnham scale
              of teachers' salaries

    burnous   Arab cloak, not -e, bernouse

    Burntisland
              Fife (one word)

    burnt sienna
              orange-red pigment, not -- siena

    burr      a rough edge, rough sounding of letter r; kind of limestone. See
              also bur

    burro     (Sp.), donkey

    Burroughs (Edgar Rice)
              1875-1950, US novelist; -- (John), 1837-1921, US naturalist and
              poet; -- (William), b. 1914, US novelist

    bursar    treasurer of a college, not -er

    Burundi   Cent. Africa, indep. 1962

    Bury St Edmunds
              Suffolk (no apos., no hyphen)

    bus/      omnibus, not 'bus, pl. -es; as verb, past -ed, partic. -ing

    bushbuck  (S. Afr.), antelope, in Afrik. bosbok

    bushel    36.4 litres; in US 35.3; abbr. bu. (sing. and pl.)

    Bushey    Herts., not -hy

    bushido   code of the samurai or Japanese mil. caste

    Bushire   Iran

    Bushy Park
              London

    businesslike
              (one word)

    business/man, -woman
              (one word)

    busing    see bus

    busybody  not busi-

    busyness  state of being busy, distinct from business

    Butler (Samuel)
              1612-80, English poet (Hudibras) -- (--), 1835-1902, English
              writer (Erewhon)

    Butte     Montana, US

    butter-fingers
              (hyphen)

    buttermilk
              (one word)

    buttonhole
              (one word)

    buyer's option
              abbr. b.o.

    Buys Ballot (Christoph Hendrik Didericus)
              1817-90, Dutch meteorologist

 2.22 BV...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BV        Beata Virgo (the Blessed Virgin) (points) pseudonym of James
              Thomson, q.v.

    BVM       Beata Virgo Maria, the Blessed Virgin Mary

 2.23 BWI...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    BWI       British West Indies, now WI

    BWV       Bach Werke Verzeichnis, prefix to enumeration of J. S. Bach's
              compositions

 2.24 by...
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    by-       (as prefix) is tending to form one word with the following noun,
              but a hyphen is still frequently found, as in ten cases given
              below

    by and by (no hyphens)

    by-blow   side-blow, bastard (hyphen)

    Bydgoszcz Poland, in Ger. Bromberg

    bye/, -s  (cricket), abbr. b.

    bye-bye   familiar form of good-bye (hyphens)

    by-election, by-form
              (hyphens)

    Byelorussia
              use Be-

    bygone    (one word)

    by-lane   (hyphen)

    by-law    not bye-

    byline    in football (one word)

    byname    a sobriquet (one word)

    bypass    (one word)

    bypath    (one word)

    by-play   (hyphen)

    by-plot, by-product
              not bye-

    by-road   (hyphen)

    bystander (one word)

    by-street (hyphen); but Masefield's The Widow in the Bye Street

    byte      (comp.), group of 8 bits (see bit)

    by the by (no hyphens)

    byway     (one word)

    byword    (one word)

    byzant    use be-

 2.25 bzw.
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    bzw.      (Ger.), beziehungsweise (respectively)

 3.0 C
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



 3.1 C...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    C         carbon, (elec.) coulomb, centum (a hundred), Celsius or
              centigrade, (mus.) common time, the third in a series

    C.        Cape, Catholic, century, chairman, chief, Church, Command paper
              (q.v.), congress(ional), Conservative, consul, contralto,
              Council, counter-tenor, Court, Gaius

    ˆ         copyright

    c         (as prefix), centi-

    c.        cent, -s, centime, century, chapter, city, colt, conductor,
              constable, copeck, cubic, (cricket) caught, (meteorol.) cloudy

    C         (ital. cap.), symbol for capacitance

    c.        circa, about

    C inverted
              Capital C, facing backwards, 500

 3.2 CA...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CA        California (off. postal abbr.), Central Africa, Central America,
              M.  Inst. Chartered Accountants of Scotland, Chief Accountant,
              chronological age, Civil Aviation, College of Arms, commercial
              agent, Consumers' Association, Controller of Accounts, Court of
              Appeal

    C/A       capital account, commercial account, credit account, current
              account

    Ca        calcium (no point)

    ca.       (law) cases

    ca.       abbr. of circa, use c.

    CAA       Civil Aviation Authority

    Caaba     use Kaaba

    caaing-whale
              use ca'ing-whale

    CAB       Citizens' Advice Bureau, (US) Civil Aeronautics Board

    cabal     secret faction

    caballero/
              Spanish gentleman, pl.  -s

    cabbala   Heb. tradition, not k-, cabala, -alla

    Cabell (James Branch)
              1879-1958, US novelist

    Cable (George Washington)
              1844-1925, US writer

    Cabul     use Kabul

    CAC       Central Advisory Committee

    ca'canny  (Sc.), go carefully!

    cacao/    trop. American tree from whose seeds cocoa and chocolate are
              made; -tree (hyphen). See coco

    cachemere, -mire
              use cashmere

    cachet    distinctive mark, capsule containing medicine

    cachou    lozenge to sweeten breath, not cashew

    cachucha  Spanish dance

    caciqu/e  W. Indian and S. American chief, political boss; -ism; not caz-

    cacodemon an evil spirit, not -daemon

    cacoethes/
              (Lat. fr. Gr.), an evil habit; -- loquendi, an itch for
              speaking; -- scribendi, ditto for writing

    CACTM     Central Advisory Council for the Ministry, now ACCM

    cact/us   (bot.), pl. -i

    c.-å-d.   (Fr.), c'est-å-dire (that is to say)

    caddie    golf-attendant

    caddis-fly, -worm
              not -ice (hyphens)

    caddy     tea-box

    cadi      Muslim judge, not k-

    Cadmean/  of Cadmus of Thebes, not -ian; -- victory, a ruinous one

    cadmium   symbol Cd

    cadre     nucleus of personnel (not ital.)

    caduce/us the wand of Hermes; pl.  -i

    caducous  (bot.), tending to fall

    Caedmon   d. 670, English poet, not Ce-

    Caenozoic use Cai-

    Caermarthen
              use Car-

    Caernarfon
              Gwynedd, not Car-, -von

    Caerphilly
              Mid Glam., also the cheese

    caerulean use ce-

    Caesar/, -ean
              not Ces-, -ian

    Caesarea Philippi
              in ancient Palestine

    caesium   symbol Cs

    caesura   division of a metrical line, not ce-

    caf÷      (Fr. m.), coffee-house (not ital.)

    caf÷/ au lait
              (Fr. m.), coffee with milk; -- noir, strong coffee without milk

    Caffre    use Kaffir or Kafir, qq.v.

    caftan    long-sleeved Turkish or Persian garment, not k-

    cag/ey    shrewd, not -gy; adv. -ily, noun -eyness

    cagoule   waterproof outer garment, not ka-

    cahier    (Fr. m.), a paper book, sheets of MS, exercise-book

    Caiaphas  Jewish high priest, Luke 3: 2

    caiman    use cay-

    Cainan    grandson of Seth. See also Canaan

    Caine (Sir Thomas Henry Hall)
              1853-1931, Manx novelist

    ca'ing-whale
              round-headed porpoise, not caa-

    Cainozoic (geol.), not Caeno-, Ceno-, Kaino- (cap.)

    caique    Bosporan skiff, Levantine sailing ship

    "áa ira"  "It will be!", French revolutionary song

    Caius     Roman praenomen, use Gaius

    Caius     (properly Gonville and Caius) College, Cambridge, pron. as keys;
              abbr. Cai., or CC

    cajole/   persuade by flattery; noun -ry (one l)

    caky      not -ey

    Cal.      (California), use Calif.

    cal       calorie (no point)

    cal.      calendar

    cal.      (mus.), calando

    calamanco/
              a woollen stuff, pl. -es

    calamary  the squid

    calando   (mus.), volume and rate diminished; abbr. cal.

    calcareous
              chalky, not -ious

    calcedony use chal-

    calceolaria
              slipper-like flower, not calci-

    calcium   symbol Ca

    calculator
              not -er

    calcul/us stony concretion in the body, pl. -i, adj. -ous; a system of
              computation, pl. -uses, adj. -ar

    Calder×n de la Barca (Pedro)
              1600-81, Spanish playwright

    caldron   use caul-

    calecannon
              use colcannon

    calendae  calends, use k-

    calendar  an almanac, not k-; abbr.  cal.

    calend/er to make smooth (cloth, paper, etc.); a machine that does this;
              -erer, one who does this, not k-

    calender  (Pers., Turk.), a dervish, not k-

    calends   the first day of a Roman month; the Greek --, a time that never
              comes; not k-

    calf/     abbr. cf.; -leather, -love (hyphens)

    calfskin  (one word)

    Caliban/  in Shakespeare's The Tempest; "-- upon Setebos", by R.
              Browning, 1864

    Caliburn  King Arthur's sword, not Cala-, Cale-; cf. Excalibur

    calico/   pl. -es

    California
              off. abbr. Calif. or (postal) CA

    californium
              symbol Cf

    caligraphy
              use calli-

    calipers  use callipers

    caliph/   Muslim chief civil and religious ruler; -ate; not ka-, kha-, -if

    calisthenics
              use call-

    cal/ix    (physiol. and biol.), cuplike cavity or organ; pl. -ices

    calk      use caulk

    Callaghan (Leonard James)
              b. 1912, British statesman, Prime Minister 1976-9

    Callander Central

    called    abbr. cld.

    calligraphy
              not cali-

    Calliope  (Gr.), muse of eloquence and epic poetry; calliope, steam-organ
              on roundabout

    calliper  metal leg-support, (pl.)  compasses for measuring inside or
              outside diameters of objects, not cali-

    Callirrhoe
              wife of Alcmaeon

    callisthenics
              gymnastic exercises, not cali-

    call/us   thick skin; pl. -uses; adj.  -ous

    Calmann-L÷vy
              publishers, Paris

    calmia, Calmuck
              use k-, K-

    Calor gas propr. term (cap., two words)

    calori/e  unit of heat or energy (not now in scientific use), abbr.  cal;
              -meter, measurer of heat; -motor, voltaic battery (one word)

    calotte   skull-cap (RC clergy)

    Caltech   California Institute of Technology

    caltrop   (mil.), horse-maiming iron ball with spikes, not -throp, -trap

    calumniator
              not -er

    Calv÷ (Emma)
              1866-1942, French operatic soprano

    Calverleigh
              Devon

    Calverley Kent, W. Yorks.; -- (Charles Stuart), 1831-84, English writer

    calves-foot jelly
              not -f's, -ves', -feet

    cal/x     residue from burning; pl.  -ces

    Calypso   sea-nymph in the Odyssey; calyps/o, W. Indian Negro song, usu.
              about current affairs, pl. -os

    caly/x    (bot.), whorl of leaves forming outer case of bud; pl. -ces

    camaraderie
              good-fellowship

    Camargue (the)
              S. France

    Camb.     Cambridge

    Cambodia  Indo-China, sovereign state 1953, not Kam-, boj-, -oja; in Fr.
              Cambodge; officially Kampuchea (Democratic)

    cambric   fine white linens

    Cambridge/
              abbr. Camb. or Cantab.; -- University, CU; -- University Press,
              CUP

    Cambridgeshire
              abbr. Cambs.

    camellia  flowering shrub, not -elia

    camelopard
              giraffe

    Camembert a French cheese

    cameo/    striated stone carved in relief; pl. -s. See also intaglio

    camera/   pl. -s; -- obscura, not -- oscura; ---ready copy (typ.), abbr.
              CRC

    Camera Stellata
              the Star Chamber

    Cameroon/ (United Republic of)
              Cent. Africa, indep. 1960; adj.  -ian

    Cammaerts (Emile)
              1878-1953, Belgian poet

    Camoens (Luis Vaz de)
              1524-80, Portuguese poet, not Camæ-

    camomile  medicinal plant, not cha-

    Camorra   Neapolitan secret society, practising violence and extortion.
              See also Mafia

    Campagna di Roma
              the plain round Rome

    campanile/
              bell-tower, usu.  detached; pl. -s

    camp/-bed, -chair, -fire
              (hyphens)

    Campbell-Bannerman (Sir Henry)
              1836-1908, British statesman, Prime Minister 1905-8 (hyphen)

    Campbeltown
              Strathclyde

    Campeche Bay, City
              or State, Mexico, not -peachy

    camp/o    (It.), open ground, pl. -i; campo santo (It., Sp.), a cemetery

    campsite  (one word)

    Campus Martius
              field of Mars, anc.  Rome

    Can.      Canad/a, -ian, Cantoris

    can.      canon, canto

    Canaan    son of Ham. See also Cainan

    Canad/a, -ian
              abbr. Can.

    Canadian River
              Okla., US

    canaille  (Fr. f.), the rabble

    canaker   use kanaka

    Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio real surname Canal)
              1697-1768, Italian painter; also used by his nephew Bernardo
              Bellotto, 1720-80, Italian painter

    canalize  not -ise

    canap÷/   caviare, anchovies, etc., on fried bread or toast; pl. -s

    Canar/a, -ese
              use K-

    canard    (Fr. m.), an absurd story, a duck; canard sauvage, wild duck

    canasta   a card-game

    canaster  a tobacco, not k-, -ister

    cancan    high-kicking Parisian dance (one word)

    cancel    (typ.), incorrect matter, new-printed leaf correcting this (its
              signature preceded by *)

    cancel/, -lation, -led, -ler, -ling


    cancellate
              (biol.), porous, marked with cross-lines

    cancelled/
              abbr. cld.

    Candahar  use K-

    candela   standard unit of light intensity; abbr. cd

    candelabr/um
              large candlestick; pl.  -a; also sing. -a, pl. -as

    Candide   by Voltaire, 1759

    c. and l.c.
              (typ.), capital(s) and lower case

    candle-light
              (hyphen)

    Candlemas Day
              2 Feb.

    candle/power, -stick, -wick
              (one word)

    canephor/us
              (archit.), sculptured youth or maiden with basket on head; pl.
              -i

    caneton   (Fr. m.), duckling

    canister  small metal box, not -aster

    cannabis  Indian hemp, not cana- (not cap., except for the bot.  genus)

    cannelloni
              pasta rolls

    Cannes    d÷p. Alpes-Maritimes, S.  France

    cannibalize
              not -ise

    Canning (George)
              1770-1827, and his son -- (Charles John, Earl), 1812-62, English
              statesmen

    cannon/-ball, -bone, -fodder
              (hyphens)

    canoe/, -d, -ing, -ist


    canon     abbr. can.

    canon     (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 48 pt.

    caÄon     (Sp.), a gorge

    canonize  not -ise

    "Canon's Yeoman's Tale"
              by Chaucer

    Canosa    Apulia, Italy

    Canossa   Emilia, Italy, scene of penance of Emperor Henry IV before Pope
              Gregory VII, 1077; hence to go to --, "to eat humble pie"

    Canova (Antonio)
              1757-1822, Italian sculptor

    canst     (no apos.)

    Cant.     Canterbury, Canticles

    can't     to be printed close up

    cantabile (mus.), in a singing, graceful style

    Cantabrigian
              of Cambridge, not -dgian

    Cantabrigiensis
              (Lat.), of Cambridge University; abbr. Cantab.

    cantaloup a musk-melon, not cante-, -loupe

    Cantate   Psalm 98 as canticle

    cantatrice
              (It. and Fr.), professional woman singer

    cante hondo
              (Sp.), mournful song

    Canterbury
              abbr. Cant.

    Canterbury bell
              flower (one cap.)

    canticle  a hymn; abbr. cant. See also next

    Canticum Canticorum
              "The Song of Songs", also Canticles, abbr.  Cant., same as Song
              of Solomon

    cantilever
              a form of bridge or support, not canta-, -liver

    Cantire   Strathclyde, use Kintyre

    canto/    division of long poem, a song; pl. -s, abbr. can.

    cantonment
              mil. quarters

    cantoris  of the precentor, that is on north side of choir; abbr. can.

    Cantor Lectures
              (Royal College of Physicians, and Society of Arts)

    Cantuar.  Cantuarius, Cantuariensis (of Canterbury)

    Cantuar:  sig. of Abp. of Canterbury (colon)

    Cantuarian
              of Canterbury

    cantus firm/us
              (mus.), basic melody in counterpoint, pl. -i; in It.  canto
              fermo, pl. canti fermi

    Canute    accepted variant of Cnut, 995-1035, king of Norway, Denmark, and
              England

    canvas/   coarse linen; -ed, -es

    canvass/  to solicit votes; -ed, -er, -es

    canyon    a gorge

    caoutchouc
              unvulcanized rubber

    CAP       Common Agricultural Policy (EEC)

    Cap       (Fr. geog. m.), Cape

    cap.      capital letter, chapter, foolscap

    cap-å-pie from head to foot (accent, hyphens, not ital.)

    Cap d'Ail town, d÷p.  Alpes-Maritimes, France

    Cape/     cap. when with name, abbr.  C.; -- Breton, Nova Scotia, not
              Briton, Britton, Briton, abbr. CB; -- of Good Hope, abbr. CGH;
              -- Province (of S. Africa), abbr. CP

    Capek (Josef)
              1887-1945, and his brother -- (Karel), 1890-1938, Czech writers

    Cape Town S. Africa (two words)

    Cape Verde/ Islands
              off W. Africa, indep. 1975; not -- Verd, -- de Verd, adj. -an

    Cap Haitien
              town in Haiti

    capias    (law), writ of arrest

    Capital Gains Tax
              abbr. CGT

    capitalization
              (see Hart's Rules, pp. 8-14, 92-6 for French, 107-8 for German,
              122-4 for Russian).  When in doubt use lower case. Use initial
              capitals for:

                  Abstract qualities personified:  O Fame!
                  Acts of Parliament and Bills (titles of).
                  Adjectives derived from proper names, when connection with
                  the name is still felt to be alive, as Christian, Homeric,
                  etc., but not when the connection is remote or conventional,
                  as roman (numerals), or when the sense is an attribute, as
                  chauvinistic, gargantuan, quixotic.
                  Aircraft (types of), as a Concorde, a Starfighter.
                  Archaeological eras, see Historical eras below.
                  Associations, as Charity Organization Society.
                  Bible (and books of the Bible: but see s.v.), Book of Common
                  Prayer, Old Testament, etc.
                  Botany, all divisions higher than species, that is, genera,
                  families, orders, classes, etc.  See also botany (as main
                  entry).
                  Churches, as Baptist Church.
                  Compass point abbreviations, N., N. b E., NNE, NE b N., etc.
                  Compass points when denoting a region (the mysterious East,
                  unemployment in the North).
                  Compound titles, as Assistant Adjutant-General, Chief
                  Justice, Ex-President, Major-General, Vice-President.
                  Days, as Christmas Day, Lady Day, Monday, New Year's Day.
                  Deity (the), and related words, as Allah, Almighty, Christ,
                  Dominus, Father, God, Jehovah, Lord, the Deity, the Holy
                  Trinity, Yahveh; pronouns to have lower case except at
                  author's request, but always who, whom.
                  Festivals, as Easter, Whitsuntide.
                  Full point, cap. follows unless the point marks an
                  abbreviation.
                  Geographical names with recognized status, as Northern
                  Ireland (but northern England), East Africa, New England
                  (USA), River Plate (but the river Thames).
                  Geological formations, as Devonian, and eras, as Palaeozoic.
                  German nouns: see Hart's Rules, pp.  107-8.
                  Government (the).
                  Historical eras and events, as Dark Ages, Early Minoan,
                  Perpendicular, the Renaissance, First World War (but not
                  archaeological eras, as neolithic, palaeolithic).
                  House of Lords, Commons, etc.
                  Institutions and movements, as Christianity, Islam, Marxism;
                  the Crown, Parliament, the State.
                  MS, MSS, manuscript, -s.
                  Nicknames, as the Iron Duke, the Admirable Crichton.
                  O! and Oh! (the interjections), and O (vocative).
                  Palaeontology, all divisions higher than species.
                  Period, see Full point above.
                  Poetry, generally at beginning of each line in classical
                  English and French; not necessarily in German, Latin, or
                  Greek.
                  Political bodies and parties, as Assembly, Senate;
                  Conservative, Republican.
                  Postcodes, as BR6 8JU (even full caps., no points, lining
                  numerals; but when the fount has non-lining numerals, or in
                  a s.-cap. context (e.g. publisher's imprint), even s. caps.
                  may give a better effect).
                  Proper names, including English Christian names, surnames,
                  and names of an individual, family, place, locality, and the
                  like; also attributes used as proper names, as a Black
                  (Negro), a Blue (university), a Red (a communist).
                  Proprietary terms: Aspro, Kodak, Persil.
                  PS, postscript.
                  Question, the next word following a question mark should
                  generally begin with a capital letter.
                  Quotations, when syntactically complete: Consider this "Thou
                  art the man", but Do not follow "the madding crowd".
                  Rank, when individuals are referred to or addressed by their
                  rank, as "the Squire said", "Good evening, General".
                  Religious denominations:  Nonconformist, Orthodox.
                  Roads, Gardens, Gates, Groves, Hills, Parks, Squares,
                  Streets, Terraces, etc., when with name.
                  Ships, as the Cutty Sark, HMS Dreadnought.
                  Sovereign (the), in proclamations, all personal pronouns
                  referring to, as Her, Him, His, etc.
                  Titles and Subtitles of books, films, newspapers,
                  periodicals, and plays, the first word and important words
                  only, as "I Forbid the Banns", Farmer and Stockbreeder, The
                  Merchant of Venice; but scientific and technical
                  bibliographies often capitalize first word and proper names
                  only. For French titles see Hart's Rules, p. 93; in Italian
                  titles capitalize the first word only; for Russian titles
                  see Hart's Rules, p. 123.
                  Titles of corporations, as Department of Trade.
                  Titles of courtesy, honour, and rank: HRH, TRH, the Prince
                  of Wales, the Bishop of Oxford, President Roosevelt, His
                  Grace, Sir John Smith, J. Smith, Esq., Mr J. Smith, etc.;
                  note compound titles: Assistant Adjutant-General,
                  Vice-President.
                  Titles of distinction, as FRS, LL D, are usu. put in large
                  caps.  Even s. caps. often improve general effect.
                  Titles of pictures, as for books; but identificatory
                  descriptions given by cataloguers etc. where no artist's
                  title exists take initial capital only.
                  Titles of poems and songs, when formed from the first line,
                  to be capitalized as book-titles, as "I Fear no Foe", "Where
                  the Bee Sucks".
                  Trade names, see Proprietary terms above.
                  Vehicles (types of), as a Dormobile, a Jaguar.
                  Verbs derived from proper names when there is direct
                  reference to the name, as Americanize, Hellenize.
                  Zoology, all divisions higher than species, that is, genera,
                  families, orders, classes, etc.  See also zoology (as main
                  entry)

    capitalize
              not -ise

    capital letter
              abbr. cap.

    capitals (large)
              indicated in copy by three lines underneath the letter; abbr.
              cap. See also capitalization

    capitals (small)
              usually about two-thirds size of large caps., indicated in copy
              by two lines underneath; may be used for subsidiary headings,
              (with large-cap.  initials) for the signatures of printed
              correspondence, and for any even large-cap. matter that would
              otherwise gain excessive prominence on the page. They are not
              used in German, Greek, or Russian. Abbr. (typ.) s.c. (without
              points as a proof-correction mark); also s. cap., pl. s. caps.
              See also even s. caps.

    Capitol   temple of Jupiter on Capitoline Hill, anc. Rome; Congress
              building, Washington DC, US

    capitulum (bot., anat.), small head, knob

    cappuccino
              (It.), coffee with milk

    capriccio/
              (mus.), fanciful work; pl. -s, adj. -so

    caps. and smalls
              (typ.), set in small capitals with the initial letters in large
              capitals; abbr.  caps (or c) and sc

    capsiz/e  not -ise; noun -al

    Captain   abbr. Capt.

    caption   (typ.). descriptive matter printed above or below an
              illustration; (US) heading of chapter, page, or section

    Captivity (the)
              of the Jews (cap. C)

    caput/    (lat.), head; -- mortuum, worthless residue after distillation

    Car.      Carolus (Charles)

    car.      carat

    carabineer
              soldier with carbine, not carb-, -ier; but  Carabiniers & Greys

    carabinier/e
              Italian soldier serving as policeman; pl. -i

    Caracci   family of painters, 1550-1619, not Carr-

    Caractacus
              accepted form of Caratacus, fl. AD 5O, king of Silures, anc.
              Britain

    caracul   use karakul

    carafe    glass container for water or wine, not -ff, -ffe

    caramba!  (Sp.), wonderful!, how strange!

    carat     a weight, not caract, carrat, karat; abbr. K. or car.

    caratch   use kharaj

    Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi da)
              1569-1609, Italian painter

    caravanserai
              inn with courtyard used as halting-place for caravans, not
              -sary, -sery, -sera. See also khan

    caravel   Spanish ship

    caraway   plant with aromatic fruits ("seeds"), not carra-

    carbineer use carabineer

    carbohydrate
              (one word)

    carbon    symbol C

    carbon copy
              abbr. c.c.

    carbon dating
              (two words)

    carbonize not -ise

    carbon paper
              (two words)

    carburett/ed, -or
              not -t-, -er

    carcass/  not -ase; pl. -es

    Carcassonne
              d÷p. Aude, France

    carcinom/a
              a cancer; pl. -ata

    card.     cardinal

    cardamom  aromatic capsules of ginger plants, not -mon, - mum

    card-game (hyphen)

    Cardigan  Dyfed. See also Ceredigion

    card-index
              (noun & verb)

    Carducci (Giosu÷)
              1835-1907, Italian poet

    carefree  (one word)

    caréme    (Fr. m.), Lent

    care of   abbr. c/o

    caret     insertion mark ^

    caretaker (one word)

    Carew (Richard)
              1555-1620, English poet; -- (Thomas), 1595-?1639, English poet
              and courtier

    car/ex    sedge; pl. -ices

    Carey (Henry)
              ?1690-1743, English poet and composer; -- (Henry Charles),
              1793-1879, US economist, son of next: -- (Mathew, one t),
              1760-1839, US publicist; -- Street, London, syn. with the
              Bankruptcy Court. See also Cary

    cargo/    pl. -es

    Caribbean Sea
              W. Indies, not Carr-

    Cariboo Mountains
              BC, Canada

    caribou   N. American reindeer, pl.  same (not -boo)

    Caribou Highway
              BC, Canada

    Caribou Mountain
              Idaho, US

    carillon  (chime of) bells

    Carington see Carrington

    Carinthia Austria, in Ger. Kärnten

    cariole   use carr-

    Carisbrooke
              IW

    caritå    (It. art), representation of maternal love

    Carleton (William)
              1794-1869, Irish novelist

    Carlile/ (Richard)
              1790-1843, English reformer and politician; -- (Revd Preb.
              William), 1847-1942, founder of Church Army. See also Carlisle,
              Carlyle

    Carliol:  sig. of Bp. of Carlisle (colon)

    Carlisle  Cumbria; -- (Earl of). See also Carlile, Carlyle

    Carlist   supporter of Spanish pretender Don Carlos (1788-1855)

    Carlovingian
              use Carolingian

    Carlsbad  Czechoslovakia, not K-; in Czech Karlovy Vary

    Carls/krona
              Sweden, -ruhe, W.  Germany, use K-

    Carlton Club
              London

    Carlyle (Thomas)
              1795-1881, Scottish writer. See also Carlile, Carlisle

    Carlylean not -eian, -ian

    Carmagnola
              Piedmont, Italy

    "Carmagnole (La)"
              French revolutionary song and dance

    Carmarthen
              Dyfed, not Caer-

    Carnarvon Gwynedd, use Caernarfon, but -- (Earl of)

    Carnatic  Madras, India, not K-

    Carnaval/ suite of piano pieces by Schumann, 1834-5; -- des animaux (le),
              suite for small orchestra by Saint-Saens, 1886; -- romain (le),
              overture by Berlioz, 1844. See also Carnival

    "Carnaval de Venise, (le)"
              (mus.), popular type of air and variations, early nineteenth
              century

    Carnegie (Andrew)
              1835-1919, Scottish-born US millionaire and philanthropist

    carnelian use cor-

    carnival  in Fr. m. carnaval, in Ger. n. Carneval

    Carnival  overture by Dvorak, 1891.  See also Carnaval

    Carnoustie
              Tayside

    carol/ -led, -ler, -ling


    Carolean  of the time of Charles I or II, not -ine

    Carolingian
              of the Frankish dynasty of Charlemagne, not Carlovingian, Karl-

    Carolus   Lat. for Charles; abbr.  Car.

    carous/e  drink heavily; -al

    carousel  tournament, rotating conveyor system. See Carrousel

    car-park  (hyphen)

    Carpathian Mts.
              E. Europe, not K-

    carpe diem
              (Lat.) enjoy the day

    carpet/, -ed, -ing


    carport   (one word)

    carp/us   the wrist; pl. -i

    Carracci  use Caracci

    carrageen Irish moss; not moss, -gheen; from Carragheen, near Waterford

    Carrantuohill
              Kerry, highest mt. in Ireland

    Carrara   N. Italy, source of marble

    carrat    use carat

    carraway  use cara-

    Carribbean
              use Cari-

    Carrigtohill
              Cork (one word)

    Carrington (Baron)
              family name Carington (one r)

    carriole  a carriage, not cariole

    Carroll (Lewis)
              (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), 1832-98, English author

    Carrousel (place du)
              Paris, from Fr. carrousel (m.), a tilting-match

    Carrutherstown
              Dumfries & Galloway (one word)

    carry-cot (hyphen)

    carsick   (one word)

    Carte (Richard D'Oyly)
              1844-1901, see D'Oyly Carte

    carte     (fencing), use quart

    carte blanche
              (Fr. f.), full discretion (ital.)

    carte-de-visite
              (not ital.)

    Carter, Paterson & Co.
              former carriers, London

    Cartesian see Descartes

    cart-horse
              (hyphen)

    cartouche (archit.), scroll ornament, (archaeol.) ring enclosing
              hieroglyphic royal name, not -ch

    cartridge paper
              a firm, strong paper

    cart/-wheel, -wright
              (hyphens)

    carvel-built
              (naut.), with smooth planking

    Cary (Henry Francis)
              1772-1844, English translator of Dante; -- (Arthur Joyce Lunel),
              1888-1957, English novelist; -- (Lucius), Lord Falkland,
              1610-43; -- (Alice), 1820-71, -- (Phoebe), 1824-71, US sisters,
              poets. See also Carey

    caryatid/ female figure as a column; pl. -s

    CAS       Chief of the Air Staff

    Casabianca (Louis de)
              ?1755-98, French seaman

    Casablanca
              Morocco

    Casa Grande
              prehistoric ruin in Arizona, US

    "Casa Guidi Windows"
              by Mrs Browning, 1851

    Casals (Pablo)
              1876-1973, Catalan cellist

    Casanova de Seingalt (Giovanni Giacomo)
              1725-1803, Italian adventurer

    Casas Grandes
              Mexican village with famous ruins

    Casaubon (Isaac)
              1559-1614, French scholar and theologian; -- (M÷ric), 1599-1671,
              his son, clergyman; -- (Mr), in G. Eliot's Middlemarch

    casava    use cassava

    casbah    use k-

    case      (bind.), bookbinding consisting of two boards joined by a
              flexible spine, and usually covered with cloth etc.; upper --
              (typ.), capitals; lower --, small letters

    casein    milk protein, not -ine

    cases     (law), abbr. ca.

    casework  (one word)

    cashew    trop. American tree with edible nuts

    Cashmer/, -e
              use Kashmir

    cashmere  soft wool fabric, not -meer, cachemere, -ire. See also
              kerseymere

    Casimir-Perier (Jean Pierre Paul)
              1847-1907, French Pres. 1894-5 (no accent)

    casine    use casein

    casino/   pl. -s (not ital.)

    Caslon (William)
              1693-1766, typefounder; cutter of Caslon type

    cassata   It. ice-cream (not ital.)

    Cassation (Cour de)
              highest court of appeal in France

    cassava   the manioc, not cas-, -ave

    Cassel    W. Germany, use K-

    Cassell & Co., Ltd.
              division of Cassell & Collier Macmillan Publishers, Ltd.

    cassimere use kerseymere. See also cashmere

    Cassiopeia
              (astr.), a constellation

    Cassivellaunus
              fl. 50 BC, British prince

    cast      actors in a play

    caste     hereditary class

    Castellammare
              Campagna and Sicily, Italy

    Castelnuovo-Tedesco (Mario)
              1895-1968, Italian composer

    caster    one who casts (see also -or); (typ.) a casting machine

    Castil/e  N. Spain, not -ille; -ian

    cast iron (noun); cast-iron (adj.)

    Castle Cary
              Somerset

    Castlecary
              Central, Donegal

    Castlerea Co. Roscommon, Ireland

    Castlereagh (Robert Stewart Viscount)
              1769-1822, British statesman

    Castleton Borders, Derby., Gr.  Manchester, Gwent, N. Yorks.

    Castletown
              Cumbria, Dorset, Highland, I.o.M., Staffs., Tyne & Wear

    cast off  (typ.), to estimate amount of printed matter copy would make

    castor    a beaver (hence castor oil) or its fur; a small wheel for
              furniture; a small pot with perforated lid (hence castor sugar).
              See also caster

    Castor and Pollux
              stars, also patrons of sailors

    castrat/o (mus.), castrated male soprano; pl. -i

    casual    incidental, not regular. See also causal

    casus/ belli
              (lat.), the cause of war; -- foederis, case stipulated by
              treaty; -- omissus, case unprovided for by statute

    CAT       College of Advanced Technology, computer-assisted typesetting

    Cat.      Catalan, Catullus

    cat.      catalogue, catechism

    cataclasm violent disruption

    cataclysm/
              deluge, violent event; -al, -ic, -ist, not -atist

    Catalan   of Catalonia; abbr. Cat.

    Cataline  use Catiline

    catalogu/e
              abbr. cat.; -ed, -er, -ing

    catalogue raisonn÷
              (Fr. m.), an explanatory catalogue

    Catalonia in Sp. CataluÄa

    catal/yst a substance facilitating chem. change; -yse, not -ize; -ysis;
              -ytic

    catamaran a raft; also two-hulled boat

    catarrh   inflammation of mucous membrane

    catarrhine
              narrow-nosed (of monkeys), not -arhine

    Catch (Jack)
              use Ke-

    catch/-all, -as-catch-can
              (hyphens)

    catchline (typ.), a line containing catchword(s), signature letter, etc.

    catch-phrase
              (hyphen)

    catchpole a sheriff's officer, not -poll

    catch-22  inescapable dilemma, after novel by Joseph Heller, 1961

    catchword (typ.), the first word of next page printed at bottom of
              preceding page; word(s) printed at head of dictionary page as
              guide to its contents

    Cçteau Cambr÷sis (Peace of)
              1559

    catechism teaching by question and answer; abbr. cat.

    catechiz/e, -er, -ing
              not -is-

    catechumen
              convert under instruction before baptism

    categorize
              to classify, not -ise

    caten/a   a chain; pl. -ae

    cater-cousin
              a good friend, not qua-

    caters    (campan., pl.), changes on nine bells

    Cath.     Catherine, Catholic

    cath.     cathedral

    Catharine Kans., NY, Pa., US

    cathars/is
              purging; pl. -es

    Cathay    poetical for China, not K-

    cathedral cap. when with name, as Ely Cathedral; abbr. cath.

    Catherine abbr. Cath.; St --, hence -- pear and -- wheel; -- I and II,
              empresses of Russia; -- of Aragon, Howard, -- Parr, first,
              fifth, and sixth wives of Henry VIII of England; -- de Medici,
              1519-89, Queen of France

    cathisma  use ka-

    cathod/e  negative electrode; --e ray tube, abbr. CRT; -ic, -ograph; not
              k-

    Catholic  abbr. C. or Cath.

    catholic/ism, -ize
              not -ise

    Catiline (Catilina, Lucius Sergius)
              108-62 BC, Roman conspirator, not Cata-

    cation    (elec.), ion carrying positive charge of electricity, not k-

    cat-o'-nine-tails
              (hyphens)

    cat's/-cradle
              a children's game; -eye, precious stone, (C-, propr.  term) stud
              in road

    Catskill Mountains
              New York, US

    cats-paw  person used as tool, (naut.) a light air, not catspaw

    catsuit   (one word)

    Cattegat  use Dan. Kattegat (Swed.  Kattegatt)

    Cattleya  an orchid genus

    Catullus (Gaius Valerius)
              ?84-?54 BC, Roman poet, abbr. Cat.

    Cauchy (Augustin Louis)
              1789-1857, French mathematician

    caucus    political meeting

    Caudillo  Spanish "leader", title assumed by Gen. Franco after Spanish
              Civil War

    caught    (cricket), abbr. c.

    cauldron  not cal-

    caulk     to make watertight, not calk

    caus.     causa/tion, -tive

    causal    having to do with a cause.  See also casual

    causa/tion, -tive
              abbr. caus.

    cause c÷lëbre
              (Fr. f.), famous law case, pl. -es -es

    causerie  (Fr.f.), chat, usu. as informal essay

    cauterize not -ise

    Cavafy (Constantine)
              1863-1933, Greek poet, not K-, -is

    Cavalleria Rusticana
              (Rustic Gallantry), opera by Mascagni, 1890

    cavass    use k-

    caveat    a formal warning (not ital.)

    caveat/ actor
              (Lat.), let the doer beware; -- emptor, ditto buyer; -- viator,
              ditto traveller

    cave canem
              (Lat.), beware of the dog

    caviare   pickled sturgeon-roe, not -iar, -ier

    cavil/    to make trifling objections, -led, -ler, -ling

    Cavour (Count Camillo)
              1850-61, Italian statesman

    Cawnpore  usual form in English history of the now correct Kanpur

    Caxton (William)
              c.1422-91, first English printer

    Cayenne   capital of Fr. Guiana

    cayman/   American alligator not cai-, kai-; pl. -s

    Cayman Islands
              W. Indies

    cazique   use cacique

 3.3 CB...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CB        Cape Breton, Cavalry Brigade, Chief Baron, citizens' band
              (radio), Coal Board, Common Bench, Companion (of the Order) of
              the Bath, (naval) Confidential Book, confined barracks, cost
              benefit, County Borough, (mus.) contrabasso (double bass)

    CBA       cost benefit analysis, Council for British Archaeology

    CBC       Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

    CBE       Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire

    CBEL      Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature

    CBI       Confederation of British Industry; (US) Cumulative Book Index

 3.4 CC...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CC        200, Caius College, Central Committee, Chamber of Commerce,
              Chess Club, Circuit Court, City Council, -lor, Civil Court,
              Common Councilman, Companion of the Order of Canada, Consular
              Corps, Countryside Commission, County Clerk, -- Commissioner, --
              Council, -lor, -court, Cricket Club, Cycling Club

    cc        (no points), cubic centimetre (in engines, etc.)

    cc.       capita (chapters)

    c.c.      carbon copy

    CCC       300, Corpus Christi College, Oxf. and Camb.

    CCCC      400

    CCF       Combined Cadet Force

    C.Chem.   chartered chemist

    CCP       Code of Civil Procedure, Court of Common Pleas, credit card
              purchase

    C.Cr.P.   Code of Criminal Procedure

 3.5 CD...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CD        400, Civil Defence

    Cd        cadmium (no point)

    cd        candela (no point)

    Cd.       Command paper, q.v. (with number following)

    c.d.      cum dividend (with dividend)

    CDC       Commonwealth Development Corporation (till 1963 Colonial -- --)

    Cdr.      Commander

    Cdre.     Commodore (naval)

 3.6 CE...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CE        Chief Engineer, Civil Engineer

    CE        Christian (or Common) Era (non-Christian usage in place of AD)

    Ce        cerium (no point)

    cease-fire
              (noun, hyphen)

    cedar     a tree

    ceder     one who cedes

    cedilla   mark under a letter, as ú

    Cedron    see Kidron

    CEGB      Central Electricity Generating Board

    Celanese  an artificial silk (propr.  term)

    cela/ va sans dire
              (Fr.), needless to say; -- viendra, that will come

    Celebes   see Sulawesi

    celebrator
              not -er

    celiac    use coeliac

    cellar    not -er

    Cellini (Benvenuto)
              1500-71, Italian goldsmith and sculptor

    cell/o    violoncello; pl. -os; -ist, the player

    Cellophane
              transparent wrapping material (propr. term)

    Celsius   temperature scale same as centigrade, abbr. C

    Celt/, -ic, -icism
              not K-; abbr.  Celt.

    cembal/o  harpsichord, pl. -os; -ist, the player

    CEMS      Church of England Men's Society

    C.Eng.    chartered engineer

    cenobite  use coe-

    Cenozoic  use Caino-

    censer    incense vessel

    censor    Roman magistrate, official with power to suppress (parts of)
              books, etc.

    cent.     central, century; cent (no point), see per cent

    cent/, -s US etc. coin; abbr. c., ct., or cts.

    cental/   corn measure of 100 lb.; pl. -s; abbr. ctl.

    centauromachy
              (representation of) centaurs fighting

    centaury  a plant

    centenarian
              one who is a hundred years old

    centen/ary, -nial


    centering framing for an arch, not -reing. See also centre

    centi     prefix meaning one-hundredth, abbr. c

    centigrade
              (not cap.); abbr. C

    centigram not -gramme; abbr. cg (no point in scientific and technical
              work)

    centilitre
              abbr. cl (no point in scientific and technical work)

    centime/  one-hundredth of French franc; pl. -s; abbr. c. or cts.

    centimetre
              0.394 inch, not -er; abbr. sing. and pl. cm. (but no point in
              scientific and technical work)

    Cento     Central Treaty Organization

    cent/o    writing composed of scraps from various authors; pl. -os

    Central   region of Scotland

    central   abbr. cent.

    centralize
              not -ise

    Central Provinces
              (India), now Madhya Pradesh

    centr/e, -ed, -ing;
              (typ.), set matter in middle of line, measure, etc. See also
              centering

    centre-notes
              (typ.), those between columns

    cents     abbr. c., or cts.

    centum    a hundred; abbr. C (no point). See also per cent

    centumvir/
              Roman commissioner; pl.  -i

    centurion commander of company in Roman army, not -ian

    century   (typ.), spell out in bookwork; abbr. C. or cent.

    cephalic  of the head, not k-

    Cephalonia
              Gr. island, anc. name Cephallenia

    ceramic   etc., not k-; abbr. ceram.

    Cerberus  (Gr. myth.), three-headed dog at gate of Hades

    cerebell/um
              the hinder brain; pl.  -a; adj. -ar

    cerebro/-spinal, -vascular
              (hyphens)

    cerebr/um the brain proper; pl. -a; adj. -al

    cere/cloths, -ments
              grave-clothes, orig. dipped in wax, not sere-

    Ceredigion
              district of Wales, formerly Cardiganshire

    cerge     use cie-

    ceriph    (typ.), use serif

    cerise    (Fr. f.), cherry

    cerise    a colour

    cerium    symbol Ce

    CERN      Conseil Europ÷en (now Organisation Europ÷enne) de Recherches
              Nucl÷aires, European Council for Nuclear Research

    cert      colloq. abbr. of certainty (no point)

    cert.     certificate, certify

    Cert. Ed. Certificate in Education

    certiorari
              a writ removing a case to a higher court

    cerulean  blue, not cae-, coe-

    Cervantes Saavedra (Miguel de)
              1547-1616, author of Don Quixote

    cervi/x   (anat.), pl. -ces, adj. -cal

    Cesarean  use Cae-

    cesarevitch
              Tsar's eldest son, use tsarevich

    Cesarewitch
              horse-race

    cesser    (law), the coming to an end

    c'est/-å-dire
              (Fr.), that is to say; -- la guerre, it is according to the
              customs of war; -- le premier pas qui coãte, it is the first
              step that is difficult

    Cestr:    sig. of Bp. of Chester (colon)

    Cestrian  of Chester

    cestui que/ trust
              (law), a beneficiary, pl. cestuis -- -- (not trustent); -- --
              vie, he on whose life land is held, pl.  cestuis -- --

    cesura    use cae-

    CET       Central European Time

    cetera/ desiderantur or -- desunt
              (Lat.), the rest are missing

    ceteris paribus
              (Lat.), other things being equal; abbr. cet. par.

    Cetinje   Yugoslavia, formerly cap.  of Montenegro, not Cett-, Zet-, -inge

    Ceylon    republic within Commonwealth, 1972, officially Sri Lanka
              (Ceylon); adj. Ceylonese. See also Sinhalese

    C÷zanne (Paul)
              1839-1906, French painter

 3.7 CF...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CF        Chaplain to the Forces

    Cf        californium (no point)

    cf.       calf, confer (compare)

    c.f.      carried forward

    CFA       Communaut÷ Financiëre d'Afrique, African Financial Community

 3.8 CG...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CG        Captain of the Guard, coastguard, Coldstream Guards

    C.G.      Captain-General, Commissary-General, Consul-General

    cg        centigram, -s (no point in scientific and technical work)

    c.g.      centre of gravity

    CGM       Conspicuous Gallantry Medal

    CGPM      Conf÷rence G÷n÷rale des Poids et des Mesures, General Conference
              of Weights and Measures

    CGS       Chief of General Staff

    c.g.s.    centimetre-gram-second system

    CGT       Capital Gains Tax; Conf÷d÷ration G÷n÷rale du Travail, General
              Federation of Labour

 3.9 CH...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CH        clearing-house, Companion of Honour, court-house, custom-house

    Ch.       chaplain, Chin/a, -ese, Church, (Lat.) Chirurgiae (of surgery),
              (mus.) choir organ

    ch        in Spanish and Welsh, a separate letter, not to he divided

    ch.       chapter, chief, child, -ren

    Chablis   a white burgundy

    cha-cha-cha
              ballroom dance (hyphens)

    chaconne  dance

    chacun å son goãt
              (Fr.), everyone to his taste

    Chad/     Cent. Africa, independent republic 1960, adj. -ian; Lake --, in
              Sudan, not Tchad

    chadar    (Ind.), use chuddar

    Chagall (Marc)
              1889-1985, Russsian painter

    chain/-gang, -smoker
              (hyphens)

    chain reaction
              (two words)

    chairman  (m. and f.), abbr. C. or chm.

    chair/person, -woman
              (one word)

    chaise-longue/
              a couch, day-bed; pl. -es -es

    chal      a gypsy; fem.  chai

    chalaz/a  (biol.), string attached to yolk of egg; pl. -ae

    chalcedony
              a form of quartz, not calce-, chalci-

    Chald/ea  Babylonia (not -aea); -aic, -aism (not -ism), -ean, -ee; abbr.
              Chald.

    chalet    a Swiss cottage, not cha- (not ital.)

    Chaliapin (Feodor Ivanovich)
              1873-1938, Russian bass singer

    Chçlons-sur-Marne
              d÷p. Marne, France, battle 451

    Chalon-sur-Saõne
              d÷p. Saõne-et-Loire, France

    chamb.    chamberlain (cap. as a title of office)

    chambermaid
              (one word)

    chamber music
              (two words)

    chamber-pot
              (hyphen)

    Chambers's/ (Edinburgh) Journal; -- Encyclopaedia


    Chambertin
              a red burgundy

    chameleon lizard of changeable colour, not chamae-

    chamfer   to bevel

    chamois-leather
              not shammy-

    chamomile use cam-

    Chamonix  d÷p. Haute-Savoie, France, not -ouni, -ounix, -oisny

    champagne a sparkling wine

    champaign flat open country

    champerty (law), an illegal agreement, not -arty

    champignon
              (Fr. m.), a mushroom, not -pinion

    Champlain (Lake)
              between NY and Vt., US

    Champlain (Samuel de)
              c.1570-1635, French founder of Quebec, Can.

    champlev÷ a kind of enamel

    Champollion (Jean Franúois)
              1790-1832, French Egyptologist

    Champs Elys÷es
              Paris

    chancellery
              not -ory

    chancellor
              (cap. as title), abbr.  chanc.

    chance-medley
              (law), a form of homicide (hyphen)

    Chancery  abbr. Chanc.

    chancre   venereal ulcer

    chandelier
              branched hanging support for lights

    Chandler's Ford
              Hants

    Chanel (Gabrielle)
              1883-1971, French perfumer

    change/able, -ability change-over
              (noun, hyphen)

    channel/, -led, -ling


    Channel Islands
              not -- Isles; abbr. CI

    chanson/  (Fr. f.), a song; -nette (f.), a little song; -nier (m.), singer
              or song-writer in cabaret

    chant/    singing; -er, of bagpipe, not chau-

    Chantilly d÷p. Oise, France

    Chantrey/ (Sir Francis Legatt)
              1781-1841, sculptor; -- Fund, Royal Academy of Arts, London

    chantry   endowed chapel

    chanty    use shanty

    chap.     chapel, chaplain, chapter

    chaparejos
              (pl.), cowboy's leather riding-breeches, not -ajos

    chapeau/  (Fr. m.), a hat, pl. -x; -x bas! hats off!; ---bras,
              three-cornered hat carried under arm

    chapel    abbr. chap.; (typ.), smallest organized union group in printing
              works, in journal and in some bookwork editorial offices; father
              of --, its chief officer

    Chapel-en-le-Frith
              Derby. (hyphens) chapelle ardente (Fr. f.), a chapel lighted for
              a lying-in-state (no hyphen)

    Chapel Royal
              pl. Chapels --

    chaperon  not -one, -onne

    Chap.-Gen.
              Chaplain-General

    chaplain  abbr. chap.

    Chapman (Geoffrey)
              publisher

    Chapman & Hall Ltd.
              publishers

    Chappell (William)
              1809-88, music publisher

    chapter/, -s
              abbr. c., cap., ch., or chap.

    chapter-headings
              (typ.), choice of type is a matter of taste; no general rule can
              be stated

    char/, -red, -ring


    char      small trout, not -rr

    charabanc/
              a motor coach,; pl.  -s, not char-å-banc

    characteriz/e
              not -ise; -able, -ation, -er

    charg÷    more fully charg÷ d'affaires; pl. charg÷s (not ital.)

    charisma/ spiritual power of person or office; adj. -tic

    charivari a mock serenade; London Charivari (The), former subtitle of
              Punch

    Charlemagne
              742-814, king of the Franks from 768

    Charles   abbr. C. or Chas.

    Charles's Wain
              (astr.), Ursa Major

    Charleston
              Ill., SC (source of the dance), W. Va., US

    Charlestown
              Mass., US

    Charlottenburg
              Berlin

    charlotte russe
              (cook.), custard or cream enclosed in sponge-cake (not ital.)

    Charollais
              breed of cattle, not -olais

    Charon    (class. myth.), the ferryman of the Styx

    charpoy   Indian bedstead

    charr     use char

    charter flight
              (two words)

    charter-member
              (hyphen)

    charter-party
              written evidence of agreement, esp. naut. (hyphen)

    Charters Towers
              Queensland, Australia (no apos.)

    chart paper
              machine-made from best rags, suitable for lithographic
              map-printing

    chartreuse
              a liqueur first made at Carthusian monastery near Grenoble

    Chartreux a Carthusian monk

    Charybdis personified whirlpool in Str. of Messina. See also Scylla

    Chas.     Charles

    chase     (typ.), metal frame holding composed type

    Chasid/, -ic
              use H-

    Chasles (Michel)
              1793-1880, French mathematician; -- (Philarëte), 1798-1873,
              French lit. critic

    chass÷    (Fr. m.), dance step; -- crois÷, double chass÷

    chassis   window sash, a framework as of motor car, pl. same (not ital.)

    chastis/e not -ize; -ement, -ing

    chçteau/  (Fr. m.), a castle; pl. -x (not ital.)

    Chateaubriand (Franúois Ren÷ vicomte de)
              1768-1848, French writer and statesman (no accent)

    Chçteaubriand
              (Fr. cook.), fillet of beef, cut thick and grilled

    Chçteaubriant
              d÷p. Loire-Inf÷rieure, France

    Chçteaudun
              d÷p. Eure-et-Loir, France

    Chçteauguay
              Quebec, Can.

    Chçteau/-Lafite, -Latour, -Margaux
              clarets (hyphens)

    chçteaux en Espagne
              (Fr.), "castles in the air"

    chatelain/
              lord of the manor; fem.  -e

    Chattanooga
              Tenn., US, battle in Civil War

    Chatto & Windus, Ltd.
              publishers

    Chaucer/ (Geoffrey)
              ?1345-1400, English poet; adj. -ian

    chauffeu/r
              driver of motor car, fem. -se

    chaunt/, -er
              use chant

    chauss÷e  (Fr. f.), a causeway, the ground level chaussures (Fr. f.  pl.),
              boots shoes, etc.

    Chautauqua
              New York State, celebrated resort

    chauvin/ism, -ist
              (not cap.)

    Ch.B.     Chirurgiae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Surgery)

    Ch.Ch.    Christ Church, Oxford

    Chebyshev (Pafnuti Lvovich)
              1821-94, Russian mathematician, not Tch-

    check     to stop. See also cheque

    check/-in, -list, -out, -up
              (nouns, hyphens)

    Cheddar cheese
              not -er

    Cheeryble Brothers
              in Dickens's Nicholas Nickleby

    cheese/board, -cake, -cloth
              (one word)

    cheesy    not -ey

    cheetah   hunting leopard, not chet-

    chef      (Fr. m.), a cook; chef/ de cuisine, head cook; -- d'orchestre,
              leader of the orchestra; -- d'oeuvre, a masterpiece, pl.
              chefs---

    cheir-    use chir-

    Cheka     USSR "Extraordinary Commission (against counter-revolution)",
              1917-22. See also OGPU

    Chekhov (Anton Pavlovich)
              1861-1904, Russian playwright and story-writer, not the many
              variants

    CHEL      Cambridge History of English Literature

    Chelmsford:
              sig. of Bp. of Chelmsford (colon)

    chem/ical, -ist
              not chy-; abbr.  chem.

    chemico-physical
              (hyphen)

    chemin de fer
              (Fr. m.), railway; a form of baccarat

    chemistry (typ.), caps. for initial letters of symbols, no point at end.
              Names of chemical compounds to be in roman, not caps. Some
              prefixes are ital. or s. caps.; abbr. chem. See also elements
              (chemical)

    Chemnitz  E. Germany, now Karl Marx Stadt

    cheque    a written order (US check)

    chequer   (noun) pattern of squares; (verb) to variegate, interrupt (not
              -ck-) Chequers, Prime Minister's official country house in
              Bucks.

    Cherbourg d÷p. Manche, France

    cherchez la femme
              (Fr.), look for the woman

    chëre amie
              (Fr. f.), a sweetheart

    Cherenkov (Pavel Alekseevich)
              b.  1904, Russian physicist, discoverer of  radiation

    ch÷r/i    (Fr.), fem.  -ie, darling (÷)

    chernozem Russian black soil

    Cherokee  N. American Indian

    chersonese
              name applied to various peninsulas; cap. when used as name (esp.
              of Thracian peninsula W. of Hellespont)

    cherub/   an angelic being; pl.  -s; Heb. pl. -im

    Cherubini (Maria Luigi)
              1760-1842, Italian composer

    Cherwell  Oxford river

    che sarå sarå
              (It.), what will be, will be

    Cheshire  abbr. Ches.

    Chesil Beach
              Dorset

    chessboard
              (one word)

    chess-man (hyphen)

    Chester   formal name for Cheshire, now only hist. esp. in "County
              palatine of Chester"

    Chester-le-Street
              Co. Durham (hyphens)

    chestnut  not chesnut

    chetah    use chee-

    Chetniks  guerrilla forces raised in Yugoslavia during Second World War by
              Gen. Mihailovich

    cheval/   (Fr. m.), a horse, pl.  chevaux; -- de frise (mil.), obstacle to
              cavalry advance, usually in the pl. chevaux de frise

    cheval-glass
              tall mirror on frame

    Chevalier/ (Albert)
              1861-1923, English music-hall artiste; -- (Maurice), 1888-1972,
              French entertainer chevalier d'industrie (Fr. m.), a swindler

    Chevallier (Gabriel)
              1895-1969, French novelist

    cheville  violin peg, stopgap word in sentence or verse

    chevrotain
              deerlike animal, not -tin

    chevy     use chivvy

    Chevy Chase (Ballad of)


    Cheyenne  Wyoming, US; also an Indian tribe

    Cheyne Walk
              Chelsea

    chez      (Fr.), at the house of

    chi/      Gr. letter; ---square, method of comparing statistical
              experiment with theory

    Chi.      Chicago

    Chiang Kai-shek
              1887-1975, Nationalist Chinese statesman

    Chianti   Italian wine

    chiaroscuro/
              light and shade, pl.  -s

    chibouk   a Turkish pipe, not chibouque

    chic      (noun and adj.), stylish(ness) (not ital.)

    Chicago   Ill., abbr. Chi.

    chiccory  use chicory

    Chichele  Oxford professorships

    Chichen ItzÁ
              Mexico, site of antiquities

    Chickahominy
              (battles of the), in SE Virginia, American Civil War

    Chickamauga
              (battles of), 1863, N.  Georgia

    chicken-pox
              (hyphen)

    chicory   not chiccory

    chief     abbr. C. or ch.; Chief/ Accountant, CA; -- Baron, CB; -- Justice
              (caps., no hyphen), abbr.  CJ; -- of General Staff, abbr. CGS

    chield    (Sc.), a young man, not chiel

    chiffon   dress fabric or ornaments

    chiffonier
              a sideboard, not -nnier (not ital.)

    chiffre   (Fr. m.), figure, numeral, monogram

    chignon   a coil of hair

    chigoe    W. Indian parasite, not jigger

    child/bed, -birth
              (one word)

    Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
              by Byron, 1811-17

    Childermas
              28 Dec.

    childlike (one word)

    child/-minder, -proof
              (hyphens)

    Chile     S. America, not Chili; adj.

    Chilean

    Chilianwala
              Pakistan, not Chilianwallah, Killianwala

    chilli/   red, or Guinea, pepper, not chile, chili, chilly; pl. -es

    chimaera  use chimera

    Chimborazo
              Ecuador

    chimera   a creation of the imagination, (biol.) an organism with two
              cells of two or more genetically distinct types, not -aera

    chimere   bishop's upper robe, not -er

    chincapin dwarf chestnut, not -kapin, -quapin

    Chindits  British glider-borne troops in Burma in Second World War

    chin÷     (Fr.), variegated (of stuffs)

    Chinese/  abbr. Ch. or Chin.; (typ.)  printed in characters numbering
              several thousand, which are phonetically transcribed into the
              Latin alphabet according to various systems, notably (1) Pinyin,
              e.g.  Hua Guofeng, Tianjin, sometimes with accents indicating
              tone of spoken syllables, (2) Wade-Giles, e.g. Hua Kuo-Feng,
              Tientsin, sometimes with superior figures indicating tone; --
              Classics, the sacred books of Confucianism

    chinoiserie
              Chinese decorative objects

    chipmunk  a N. American ground-squirrel, not -uck

    Chipping Campden
              Glos.

    chi-rho   monogram of XP, first letters of Greek "Christos"

    chiromancy
              palmistry, not cheir-

    Chiron    the centaur, not Cheir-

    chiropodist
              one who treats hands and feet, not cheir-, -pedist

    chiropract/ic
              (sing.), removal of nerve interference by manipulation of spinal
              column; -or, one who does this

    Chiroptera
              the bat order

    chirosophy
              palmistry, not cheir-

    chirrup/, -ed, -ing


    chirurgiae
              (Lat.), of surgery; abbr.  Ch.

    chisel/, -led, -ling


    chit, chitty
              (Anglo-Ind.), a letter

    Chittagong
              Bangladesh

    chivvy    to harass, not che-, chivy

    chlorine  symbol Cl

    chlorodyne
              medicine containing chloroform, not -ine

    chlorophyll
              (bot.), green colouring matter of plants, not -il, -yl

    Ch.M.     Chirurgiae Magister (Master of Surgery)

    chm.      chairman (m. and f.)

    choc.     chocolate

    chock/-a-block, -full
              (hyphens)

    Choctaw   tribe of N. American Indians

    choir     part of a church, or singers, not quire

    cholera morbus
              acute gastro-enteritis

    cholesterol
              fatty alcohol found in parts of the body, not -in

    choosy    not -ey

    Chopin (Fr÷d÷ric Franúois)
              1810-49, Polish composer

    "Chops of the Channel"
              west entrance to English Channel

    chop-suey Chinese dish

    choreograph/y
              ballet design; -er, the arranger

    chorography
              description of districts (intermediate between geography and
              topography)

    chorus/   pl. -es; -ed chose (law), a thing

    Chose (Monsieur)
              (Fr.), Mr So-and-so

    chose jug÷e
              (Fr. f.), a matter already decided chota hazri (Anglo-Ind.),
              early breakfast

    Chota Nagpur
              Bihar, India

    chou/     (Fr. cook. m.), cabbage; puff (pastry), a dress rossette;
              ---fleur, cauliflower (hyphen), pl.  choux-fleurs; choux de
              Bruxelles, Brussels sprouts; chou marin, sea-kale

    Chou En-lai
              use Zhou Enlai

    choux     rich light pastry

    chow mein Chinese dish (two words)

    Chr.      Christ, Christian, Chronicles

    Chr. Coll. Cam.
              Christ's College, Cambridge

    Chr÷tien de Troyes
              12th c., French poet

    Christ Church
              Oxford, not -- -- College; abbr. Ch.Ch.

    Christchurch
              Hants, and NZ

    Christe eleison
              (eccl.), "Christ, have mercy"

    Christian/, -ity
              (cap.)

    Christiania
              former name of Oslo, capital of Norway; a type of turn in
              skiing, abbr. Christie

    Christianize
              not -ise (cap.)

    Christie, Manson, & Woods
              auctioneers, ("Christie's")

    Christmas Day
              (caps.); Old -- --, 7 January

    Christoff (Boris)
              b. 1919, Bulgarian bass singer

    Christ's College Cambridge
              abbr.  Chr. Coll. Cam.

    Christy-minstrels
              coloured entertainers, with bones, banjos, etc. (after George
              Christy, of New York)

    chromatography
              (chem.), separation by passing over adsorbent

    chrome yellow
              a pigment

    chromium  symbol Cr

    chromo/   (typ.), (no point), abbr. of chromolithograph, picture printed
              in colours from stone or plates; pl. -s

    chromolithography
              (one word)

    chromo paper
              one with a special heavy coating for lithographic printing

    chromosome
              (biol.), structure carrying genes in cell

    chromosphere
              gaseous envelope of sun

    chron.    chronolog/y, -ical, -ically, chronometry

    Chronicles, First, Second Book of
              abbr. 1 Chr., 2 Chr.

    chronological age
              abbr. CA

    chrysal/is
              pl. -ides

    Chrysaor  son of Neptune

    Chryseis  daughter of Chryses, a Trojan priest

    chryselephantine
              (Gr. sculpture), overlaid with gold and ivory

    Chrysler/ US make of car; -- Building, New York

    chrysoprase
              green chalcedony, not -phrase

    Chrysostom (St John)
              Greek Father, 347-407

    chthon/ian, -ic
              (Gr. myth.), dwelling in the underworld

    chuddar   (Anglo-Ind.), overgarment, not the many variants

    Chur      Grisons, Switzerland; in Fr.  Coire

    Church    initial cap. when referring to a body of people, as the
              Methodist Church; lower case for building; abbr. C. or Ch.

    Church Assembly
              (properly National Assembly of the Church of England), set up
              1920, absorbed into General Synod, 1970

    Church Commissioners
              formerly Ecclesiastical Commissioners and Queen Anne's Bounty

    church/-goer, -going
              (hyphens)

    Churchill (Sir Winston Leonard Spencer)
              1874-1965, British statesman; -- (Winston), 1871-1947, US writer

    church mouse
              (two words)

    church/warden, -yard
              (one word)

    Churrigueresque
              lavishly ornate Spanish baroque

    chute     slide etc.

    chutney   condiment, not -nee, -ny

    chymist   use che-

 3.10 CI...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CI        Channel Islands, Chief Inspector, -- Instructor, Commonwealth
              Institute, Communist International

    Ci        curie (no point)

    CIA       (US) Central Intelligence Agency

    ciao      (It.), word of greeting

    Cibber (Colley)
              1671-1757, Poet Laureate 1730-57

    Cic.      Cicero

    cicad/a   the tree cricket, not cig-, -ala; pl. -ae (biol.), -as (general)

    cicatrice/
              scar; pl. -s

    cicatri/x (in surgery), scar; pl.  -ces

    cicatrize not -ise

    Cicero (Marcus Tullius, "Tully")
              106-43 BC, Roman orator; abbr. Cic.

    cicero    (typ.), European type-measure of 12 Didot (q.v.) points

    ciceron/e a guide, pl. -i

    Cicestr:  sig. of Bp. of Chichester (colon)

    cicisbe/o (It.), a married woman's gallant; pl. -i

    CID       Criminal Investigation Department

    Cid Campeador (El)
              c.1040-99, Spanish warrior

    cider     not cy-

    ci-devant (Fr.), formerly

    CIE       Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire Cie (Fr.), compagnie
              (company) (no point)

    cierge    large candle, not cer-, ser-

    cigala    use cicada

    ci-gít    (Fr.), here lies

    CIGS      Chief of Imperial General Staff

    CII       Chartered Insurance Institute

    cili/um   a hairlike appendage; pl.  -a; -ary, -ate, -ation cill, use sill

    Cimabue (Giovanni)
              c.1240-1302, Italian painter

    cimbalom  dulcimer

    cim/ex    bedbug; pl. -ices

    Cimmerian intensely dark; (pl.)  nomadic people, 7th c. BC (cap.)

    C.-in-C.  Commander-in-Chief

    Cincinnati
              Ohio, US

    Cincinnatus
              5th c. BC, Roman hero

    cine-camera
              (hyphen)

    cinerari/a
              plant with ash-coloured foliage; pl. -as

    cinerari/um
              niche for urn with ashes of deceased; pl. -a

    Cingalese use Sinhalese

    cingul/um a girdle or zone; pl. -a

    cinquecento
              1500-99, and Renaissance art of that century

    Cinque Ports
              Hastings, New Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich, plus
              Winchelsea and Rye

    cinques   (campan., pl.), changes on eleven bells

    cion      use scion

    cipher    not cy-

    cipolin   (one l), Anglicized form of It. cipollino, veined white and
              green marble

    Cipriani (Giambattista)
              1727-85, Italian painter and engraver

    circ.     circiter (about)

    circa     (Lat. prep.), about; in Eng.  used mainly with dates and
              quantities; abbr. c.

    Circean   of Circe, not -aean

    circiter  (Lat. adv.), about, approximately; abbr. circ.

    Circuit Court
              abbr. CC

    circuit edges
              (bind.), limp covers turned over to protect the leaves

    circulariz/e
              to issue circulars, not -ise; -ing

    circum    (Lat.),about; in Eng. used as prefix meaning around, surrounding

    circumcise
              not -ize

    circumflex
              (typ.), accent.

    circumflexion
              not -flect-

    Cirencester
              Glos.

    cirque    natural amphitheatre (not ital.)

    cirrhos/is
              a liver disease; pl.  -es

    cirriped  marine crustacean, not -de

    cirr/us   (bot.) tendril, (zool.)  slender appendage, (meteor.)  tuftlike
              cloud formation; pl. -i

    cisalpine on the Roman side of the Alps (not cap. except in Cisalpine
              Gaul)

    cispontine
              on the north side of the Thames. See also transpontine

    cist      (archaeol.), tomb or coffin, not k-. See also cyst

    cit.      citation, cited, citizen

    citations see authorities, quotations

    cities    (typ.), names of not to be abbreviated if avoidable

    citizen   abbr. cit.

    citizens' band
              (radio), abbr. CB

    citoyen/  (Fr.), fem. -ne, citizen

    citrine   (noun and adj.), lemon-colour(ed)

    Citroen   Fr. make of car

    cittadin/o
              (It.), a citizen, pl. -i; fem. -a, pl. -e

    city      abbr. c.; the City, London's financial centre; City Editor, the
              supervisor of financial reports, (N. Amer.) editor of local
              news.  See also cities

    ciudad    (Sp.), city, not cui-

    Ciudad Trujillo
              recent name for Santo Domingo, cap. of Dominican Republic

    civ.      civil, -ian

    civics    the study of citizenship

    Civil/ Court
              abbr. CC; -- Engineer, abbr. CE

    civiliz/e not -ise; -able, -er

    Civil/Servants, -- Service
              (caps.), abbr. CS

    Civitavecchia
              Italy (one word)

 3.11 CJ
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CJ        Chief Justice

 3.12 Cl...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Cl        chlorine (no point)

    cl        centilitre, -s (no point in scientific and technical work)

    cl.       class, clause, cloth

    Clackmannan
              district and former county of Scotland (three ns)

    Clairaut (Alexis Claude)
              1713-65, French mathematician, not -ault

    claire-cole
              use clearcole

    clairvoyant/
              fem. -e (not ital.)

    clam/     to clog, smear; -miness, -my

    clamjamphrie
              (Sc.), rubbish, also a mob, not the many variants

    clam/our  but -orous

    clampdown (noun, hyphen)

    clang/our but -orous

    Claparëde (Jean Louis Ren÷ Antoine òdouard)
              1832-70, Swiss naturalist

    claptrap  empty words (one word)

    claque/   hired applauders; -ur, member of claque (not ital.)

    clar.     (mus.) clarinet; (typ.)  clarendon

    clarabella
              (mus.), an organ stop, not clari-

    Clarenceux
              the second King-of-Arms, not -cieux

    clarendon (typ.), a thickened modern type, not a generic term for
              bold-face type (q.v.); abbr. clar.

    Clarendon/ Press
              named after -- Building, a former printing house of the
              University Press at Oxford; hence still the imprint on certain
              learned books of the OUP

    claret    red wine of Bordeaux

    clarinet/, -tist
              not -ionet; abbr.  clar.

    Clarissa Harlowe
              by Richardson, 1748

    class     abbr. cl.

    class.    classic, -al, classification

    classes   (bot., zool.), (typ.) to be in roman with capital initials

    clause    so-and-so (typ.), to have lower-case c; abbr cl., pl. cll.

    Clausewitz (Karl von)
              1780-1831, Prussian mil. writer

    clayey    of the substance of clay

    CLB       Church Lads' Brigade

    cld.      called, cancelled, cleared (goods or shipping), coloured

    clean     (typ.), said of proofs or revises with few errors, or pulled
              after matter has been corrected

    clean disc
              see disc

    clearcole (noun and verb), (to paint with) a coating of size, not claire-

    clear days
              time to be reckoned exclusive of the first and last

    cleared   (goods or shipping), abbr.  cld.

    clear/-eyed, -headed, -sighted
              (hyphens)

    clearing bank
              (two words)

    clearing-house
              abbr. CH

    clearstory
              use clere-

    clearway  (one word)

    cleistogam/ic, -ous
              (bot.), permanently closed and self-fertilizing, not k-

    Clemenceau (Georges Eugëne Benjamin)
              1841-1929, French politician, not Cl÷-

    Clemens (Samuel Langhorne)
              1835-1910 ("Mark Twain"), US writer

    clench    to secure (a nail or rivet), to grasp firmly; the action or
              result of these. See also clinch

    clepsydra/
              an ancient water-clock, not k-; pl. -s

    cleptomania
              use k-

    clerestory
              (archit.), upper part of wall with row of windows, not clear-

    clerk     abbr. clk.

    Clerke (Agnes Mary)
              1842-1907, English astronomer

    Clerk-Maxwell (James)
              1831-79, see Maxwell (James Clerk)

    Clerk/ of Parliaments
              (caps.); -- of the Peace, abbr. CP; -- of the Privy Council,
              abbr. CPC

    Clermont Ferrand
              d÷p. Puy-de-Dõme, France (hyphen)

    Cleveland county of England

    clevis/   U-shaped iron at end of beam for attaching tackle, pl.  -es

    clew      ball of thread; (naut., verb or noun) (to draw up) lower corner
              of sail. See also clue

    cl. gt.   (bookbinding) cloth gilt

    clich÷    (typ.), European term for a block or stereotype; a hackneyed
              phrase

    clicker   (typ.), former title of foreman of a companionship (q.v.)

    Clicquot (Veuve)
              a brand of champagne

    clientele clients collectively (no accent, not ital.)

    climacteric
              (noun or adj.), (pertaining to) a critical period; grand --, the
              age of 63

    climactic pertaining to a climax

    climatic  pertaining to climate

    clinch    to make fast a rope in a special way, to embrace, to settle
              conclusively; the action or result of these. See also clench

    Clinker (Humphry not -ey)
              by Smollett, 1771

    clinometer
              instrument for measuring slopes, not k-

    Clio      (Gr.), muse of history

    cliometrics
              (pl. used as sing.), statistical method of historical research

    cliqu/e, -ish, -ism, -y
              not -eish, -eism, -ey (not ital.)

    clish-ma-claver
              (Sc.), gossip (hyphens)

    Clitheroe Lancs.

    clitor/is (anat.), female organ; adj. -al

    clk.      clerk

    cll.      clauses

    Cllr.     Councillor

    Cloaca Maxima
              sewer of anc. Rome (caps.)

    cloche    (hort.), bell-glass or glass cover for plants; woman's
              close-fitting hat (not ital.)

    clock-face
              (hyphen)

    cloff     an allowance on commodities, not clough

    cloisonn÷ (Fr.), a kind of enamel

    close     (typ.), the second member of any pair of punctuation marks, as
              "]); pron. kloze

    close up  (typ.), to push together, to remove spacing-out leads; close
              matter, unleaded, or thinly spaced

    close-up  (noun)

    closure   a stopping, esp. of debate in Parliament; in Fr. f. clõture

    Clos Vougeot
              a burgundy

    clot-bur  (bot.), burdock, not clote-, cloth-

    clote     (bot.), burdock and similar burry plants, not ---bur

    cloth/    abbr. cl.; -- of Bruges, gold brocade

    Clotho    (Gr. myth.), the Fate that draws the thread of life

    clõture   (Fr. f.), closure

    clou      (Fr. m.), point of chief interest

    Cloud-cuckoo-land
              (hyphens, one cap.)

    cloudy    (meteor.), abbr. c.

    clough    a ravine

    clove hitch
              a knot (two words)

    clubbable sociable

    club-foot congenital disorder (hyphen)

    clubhouse (one word)

    clue      information to be followed up.  See also clew

    Cluniac   (monk or nun) of branch of Benedictine order stemming from
              Cluny, France

    Clwyd     river and county, N. Wales

    Clydebank Strathclyde, a town

    Clytemnestra
              wife of Agamemnon, not Clytae-

 3.13 CM...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CM        Certified Master or Mistress, Chirurgiae Magister (Master of
              Surgery), (mus.) common metre, Corresponding Member, Member of
              the Order of Canada

    Cm        curium (no point)

    c.m.      causa mortis (by reason of death)

    cm.       centimetre(s) (but no point in scientific and technical work)

    Cmd.      Command paper (q.v.) (old series), with number following

    cmdg.     commanding

    Cmdr.     Commodore (naval)

    CMG       Companion of (the Order of) St Michael and St George

    Cmnd.     Command paper (q.v.) (new series), with number following

    CMP       Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police

    CMS       Church Missionary Society

 3.14 CNAA...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CNAA      Council for National Academic Awards

    CND       Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

    Cnossus   Crete, use Knossos

    Cnut      more correct form of Canute, not Knut

 3.15 CO...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CO        Colorado (off postal abbr.), Commanding Officer, conscientious
              objector, criminal offence, Crown Office

    Co        cobalt (no point)

    Co.       Colon, Company, County

    c/o       care of

    coad.     coadjutor

    coaetaneous
              use coe-

    coagul/um a clot; pl. -a

    Coalbrookdale
              Shropshire

    coal/-dust, -face
              (hyphens)

    coal/field, -man
              (one word)

    coal-mine (hyphen)

    coalmouse (ornith.), the coal titmouse, not cole-

    coal-pit  (hyphen)

    Coalville Leics.

    coastguard
              one man or the body of men (one word), abbr. CG

    coat of arms
              (three words)

    co-author noun and verb (hyphen)

    coaxial   (one word)

    cobalt    symbol Co

    Cobbe (Frances Power)
              1822-1904, British social writer

    coble     boat, not cobble

    Coblen/ce, -z
              W. Germany, use Koblenz

    COBOL     (Common Business Oriented Language), a computer-programming
              language; caps. or even s. caps.

    cobra de capello
              Indian snake, not da, di

    Coburg    Iowa, US; Saxe---, Germany, not -ourg, -urgh

    coca      S. Amer. shrub, source of cocaine

    Coca-Cola abbr. Coke, carbonated soft drink from cola nut and cacao
              (propr. terms)

    Cocagne   use Cockaigne

    cocaine   not -ain; pop. abbr. coke

    cocco     (bot.), Jamaica plant tuber, not cocoa, coco

    coccy/x   (anat.), end of spinal column; pl. -ges

    Cochin-China
              formerly part of Fr.  Indo-China, now of Vietnam (hyphen)

    cochle/a  the ear cavity; pl. -ae

    cochon de lait
              (Fr. m.), sucking pig

    Cockaigne London, not Cocagne, Cockayne

    cock-a-leekie
              (Sc.), soup, not cockie-leekie, cocky-leeky

    cockatiel small crested Australian parrot, not -teel

    cockatoo/ large crested Australian parrot; pl. -s

    cockatrice
              fabulous serpent

    Cockcroft (Sir John Douglas)
              1897-1967, British nuclear scientist

    Cocker (Edward)
              1631-75, reputed author of Arithmetic; "according to Cocker",
              accurate

    cockney   native of E. London (not cap.)

    cockscomb a plant. See also coxcomb

    cockswain use coxswain

    Cocles (Horatius)
              who kept the Sublician Bridge

    coco      trop. palm-tree bearing coconut. See also cacao, cocco

    coconut   not cokernut

    Cocos Islands (Keeling Islands)
              Bay of Bengal

    cocotte   small dish, (arch.) a prostitute

    Cocytus   a river in Hades

    COD       cash, or collect, on delivery

    COD       Concise Oxford Dictionary

    cod.      codex

    Code Napol÷on
              (Fr. m.), civil code promulgated 1804-11

    cod/ex    ancient MS, abbr. cod.; pl.  -ices, abbr. codd.

    codfish   (one word)

    codling   small cod, elongated apple

    cod-liver oil
              (one hyphen)

    Cody (William Frederick)
              1846-1917, "Buffalo Bill", US showman

    coed      coeducational, girl at coeducational school (no point)

    coeducation/, -al
              (one word)

    coefficient
              (one word)

    Coelebs in Search of a Wife
              by Hannah More, 1709

    Coelenterata
              a zool. phylum (not ital.)

    coeliac   abdominal, not ce-

    coenobite member of monastic community, not cen-

    coequal   (one word)

    coerulean use ce-

    coetaneous
              of the same age, not coae-

    coeternal (one word)

    Coeur de Lion
              Richard I of England, or Louis VIII of France (no hyphens)

    coeval    of the same age (one word)

    coexist/, -ence
              (one word)

    coextensive
              (one word)

    C. of E.  Church of England

    coffee bar
              (two words)

    coffee/-bean, -cup, -house, -pot
              (hyphens)

    coffer-dam
              a watertight enclosure

    cogito, ergo sum
              (Lat.), I think, and therefore I exist (motto of Descartes)

    cognate   abbr. cog.

    cogniz/e  to become conscious of, not -ise; -able, -ance, -ant

    cognoscent/e
              (It.), a connoisseur; pl. -i, not con-

    cognovit (actionem)
              (law), an acknowledgement that the action is just

    coheir/, -ess
              (one word)

    COHSE     Confederation of Health Service Employees

    COI       Central Office of Information

    COID      Council of Industrial Design, now Design Council

    coiff/eur (Fr. m.), -euse (f.), hairdresser; -ure (f.), head-dress,
              hair-style

    Coire     Grisons, Switzerland; use Chur

    coits     use quoits

    coke      pop. abbr. for cocaine

    Coke      abbr. for Coca Cola (propr.  term)

    Coke (Sir Edward)
              1552-1634, Lord Chief Justice of England

    cokernut  use coconut

    Col.      Colonel, Colossians

    col.      colonial, column

    cola      W. Afr. tree and its seed, not k-

    colander  a strainer, not colla-, culle-

    colcannon an Irish dish, not cale-, cole-

    cold composition
              (typ.) see hand-setting; (comp.) see strike-on

    Cold Harbor
              Va., US, scene of three Civil War battles

    Coldharbour
              Dorset, Glos., Surrey

    Cold Harbour
              Lincs., Oxon.

    cold/metal, -- type
              (typ.) sorts cast up for hand composition or correction; (comp.)
              see strike-on

    Coldstream/
              Borders, a town; -- Guards, not The Coldstreams, abbr.  CG

    cold war (the)
              (not caps.)

    colemouse use coalmouse

    Coleoptera
              (Zool.), the beetles

    cole-pixy use colt-pixie

    Colerain  NC, US

    Coleraine Co. Londonderry

    Coleridge (Hartley)
              1796-1849, English minor poet and critic, son of next; --
              (Samuel Taylor), 1772-1834, English poet and critic; -- (Sara,
              not -ah), 1802-52, English writer

    Coleridge-Taylor (Samuel)
              1875-1912, English composer

    coleslaw  salad of chopped cabbage (one word)

    Colette   pen-name of Sidonie Gabrielle Claudine Colette, 1873-1954,
              French writer

    colic/, -ky


    Coligny (Gaspard de)
              1519-72, French Huguenot leader

    Coliseum  London theatre. See also Coloss-

    coll.     colleague, collect/ed, -ion, -or, college

    collage   art composition with components pasted on to a surface

    collander use colander

    colla/ parte or -- voce
              (mus.), adapt to principal part or voice; abbr. col. p., or col.
              vo.

    collapsible
              not -able

    coll' arco
              (mus.), with the bow

    collar of SS
              see SS (collar of)

    collat.   collateral, -ly

    collat/e  (bind.) to check sequence of gathered sections; (typ.) to put
              the sheets of a book in right sequence; (bibliog.) to compare
              minutely two copies of same book, to provide information for
              such a comparison; -or, not -er

    colla voce
              see colla parte

    colleague abbr. coll.

    collect.  collectively

    collectable
              not -ible

    collectanea
              (Lat. pl.), collected notes

    collect/ion, -or
              abbr. coll.

    collections
              an Oxford college examination

    collective nouns
              see nouns (collective)

    colleen   (Anglo-Irish), a girl

    college   abbr. coll. (cap. when used as part of name)

    Collëge de France
              (m.)

    College of Arms
              abbr. CA

    College of Justice
              (Sc.), supreme civil courts

    collegi/an
              a member of a college; -ate, belonging to a college

    collegi/um
              an ecclesiastical body uncontrolled by the State; pl. -a

    col legno (mus.), with the wood of the bow

    Colles fracture
              (med., of wrist)

    collie    a dog, not -y

    Collins   a letter of thanks for hospitality (from the character in Jane
              Austen's Pride and Prejudice)

    Collins (William) Sons & Co., Ltd.
              publishers

    collogue  to talk confidentially

    collop    a piece of meat

    colloq.   colloquial, -ly, -ism

    colloqui/um
              conference; pl. -a

    colloqu/y talk; pl. -ies; -ize, not -ise

    collotype (typ.), a planographic (q.v.) process used mainly for the finest
              reproduction work

    Colo.     Colorado, US

    Cologne   W. Germany, in Ger. Kæln

    Colombia (Republic of)
              S. America.  See also Colu-

    Colombo   cap. of Sri Lanka, not Colu-

    Col×n     Cent. Amer.; abbr. Co. See also Columbus

    colon     see punctuation IV

    Colonel/  abbr. Col.; -- Bogey (golf), the imaginary good player

    colonial  abbr. col.

    coloniz/e not -ise; -able, -ation

    colonnade row of columns

    colophon  (typ.), an inscription at the end of a book, giving the sort of
              details now usually found on the title-page; incorrect name for
              publisher's device or trade mark

    colophony rosin

    Colorado  off. abbr. Colo.

    coloration
              not colour-

    Colosseum Rome. See also Colis-

    Colossians
              abbr. Col.

    coloss/us pl. -i

    Colossus of Rhodes
              (cap.)

    colourant not colorant

    Coloured/ (S. Afr.), of Asian or mixed ancestry (adj.); -s, Cape Coloured
              people (cap.).

    colourist not colorist

    Colour-Sergeant
              not -jeant; abbr.  Col.-Sgt., Col.-Sergt.

    Colour (Trooping the)
              not Colours

    col. p.   (mus.), colla parte (adapt to principal part)

    colporteur
              hawker of books, esp.  bibles (not ital.)

    Colquhoun pron. ko-hoon (stress on second syllable)

    colt      abbr. c.

    colter    use cou-

    colt-pixie
              a mischievous fairy, not cole-pixy

    columbari/um
              a dovecot, place for cremation urns; pl. -a

    Columbia (British)
              Canada, abbr. BC

    Columbia (District of)
              US, abbr. DC (no points). See also Colo-

    columbium now called niobium

    Columbo   use Colombo

    Columbus (Christopher)
              1451-1506, Genoese navigator; in Sp. Crist×bal Col×n

    column    abbr. col.

    colure    (astr.), each of two great circles of the celestial sphere

    Colville of Culross (Viscount)


    col. vo.  (mus.), colla voce (adapt to principal voice)

    Com.      Commander, Communist

    com.      comedy, comic, commercial, commission, -er, committee, common,
              -er, -ly, commun/e, -ity, communicat/e, -ed, -ion

    com/a     (med.), stupor; pl. -as

    com/a     (astr.), nebulous envelope round head of comet, (bot.) tuft of
              hair; pl. -ae

    comb.     combin/e, -ed, -ing

    combat/, -ed, -ing, -ive


    Combermere (Viscount)


    combin/e, -ed, -ing
              abbr. comb.

    Comdr.    Commander

    Comdt.    Commandant

    come-at-able
              accessible (hyphens)

    Comecon   economic association of Communist countries

    Com÷die Franúaise (La)
              off. name of Le Th÷çtre Franúais (caps.)

    Com÷die Humaine (La)
              series of novels by Balzac, 1842-8

    com÷dien/ (Fr.), actor; fem. -ne

    comedy    abbr. com.

    come/ prima
              (mus.), as at first; -- sopra, as above, abbr. co. sa.

    comfit/   sweetmeat, not con-

    comfrey   (bot.), ditch plant, not cum-

    comic     abbr. com.

    Comintern the Communist (Third) International, 1919-43, not Kom-

    comitadji band of irregulars (in the Balkans), not k-

    comitatus (Lat.), a retinue, a county or shire; pl. same

    comitia   (Lat. pl.), Roman assembly of the people

    Comitia   (pl.), a meeting of the Senate of Dublin University; --
              Aestivalia, ditto in summer; -- Hiemalia, ditto in winter; --
              Vernalia, ditto in spring

    comity of nations
              international courtesy

    comm.     (naval), Commodore

    comm.     commentary, commerce, commonwealth

    comma/    pl. -s; see punctuation II

    commandant
              abbr. Comdt.

    commandeer
              to seize for mil. or other service

    Commander/
              abbr. Cdr. (Admiralty), Com. or Comdr.; ---in-Chief (hyphens),
              abbr.  C.-in-C.

    commanding
              abbr. cmdg.;

    Commanding Officer
              abbr. CO

    commando/ (member of) body of troops, esp. shock troops; pl.  -s

    command paper
              abbr. C. (1870-99) or Cd. (1900-18) or Cmd. (1919-56) (old
              series); Cmnd. (1956- )  (new series), followed by number

    comme ci, comme úa
              (Fr.), indifferently, so-so

    commedia dell'arte
              Italian Renaissance comedy, mainly improvised by guild of
              professional actors

    comme il faut
              (Fr.), as it should be

    Commemoration
              at Oxford, annual ceremony in memory of founders and benefactors

    commencement
              ceremonial conferring of university degrees, as at Cambridge;
              (US) a speech-day

    commendam ecclesiastical benefice held in commendam, i.e. without duties

    commentary
              abbr. comm.

    commentator
              not -er

    commerce  abbr. comm.

    Commissary-General
              (hyphen); abbr.  CG

    commission/, -er
              abbr. com.

    commissionaire
              uniformed door-attendant (not ital.); in Fr. m.
              commissionnaire, less specific in meaning

    commit/, -ment, -table
              (not -ible), -tal, -ted, -ting committee, representative group
              from a larger body (coll. sing., with sing.  verb); abbr. com.
              See also committor

    committ/er
              one who commits; -or (law), a judge who commits a lunatic to the
              care of a committee (stress on final syllable)

    Commodore (naval), abbr. Cdre, Cmdr.  See also Air Commodore

    common/, -er, -ly
              abbr. com.

    Common Bench
              abbr. CB

    common metre
              (mus.), abbr. CM

    commonplace
              (adj.) (one word)

    Common Pleas
              abbr. CP

    common sense
              adj. with noun (hyphen when attrib.)

    commonsensical
              (adj.) (one word)

    Common Serjeant
              not -geant; abbr.  CS or Com.-Serj.

    common time
              (mus.), abbr. C

    Common Version
              (of the Bible); abbr.  CV or Com. Ver.

    commonwealth
              (cap. when part of name); abbr. comm.

    Commonwealth
              (Australian), abbr.  Cwlth

    commune   communal group (esp.  sharing accommodation), small territorial
              division (France and elsewhere); abbr. com.

    communicat/e, -ed, -ion
              abbr. com.

    communications satellite
              not -ation (two words)

    communiqu÷
              an official report

    Communist abbr. Com.; -- Party, abbr. CP

    communize to make common; not -ise

    commutator
              apparatus for reversing electric current

    commuter  one who travels regularly to work in a town

    Comor/o Islands
              Indian Ocean, indep. 1975, adj. -an

    comp.     comparative, comparison, compil/e, -ed, -er, -ation, compos/er,
              -ite, -ition, -itor, compounded

    compagnie (Fr. f.), company; abbr.  Cie

    compagnon de voyage
              (Fr. m.), travelling companion

    Companies Act
              (no apos.)

    companionship
              (typ.), former name of a group of compositors working together
              under a clicker (q.v.); abbr. 'ship

    company   abbr. Co., (mil.) Coy.  (point). See also compagnie

    comparative
              abbr. comp.

    compare   abbr. cf. (confer), or cp.

    comparison
              abbr. comp.

    compass   (typ.), the compound points, when printed in full, to be
              hyphened without caps., as north-east, north-by-north-east,
              north-north-east, north-east-by-north.  See also abbreviations,
              capitalization

    compendi/um
              pl. -a

    competit/or
              fem. -ress

    Compiëgne d÷p. Oise, France

    compile, -ed, -er, -ation
              abbr.  comp.

    complacen/t
              self-satisfied; -cy

    complaisan/t
              obliging; -ce

    Compleat Angler (The)
              by Izaak Walton, 1653

    complement
              (verb and noun), to make complete, that which makes complete

    completorium
              (Lat.), compline; pl.  -a

    complexion
              not -ction

    compliment
              (verb and noun), (to) praise, flatter(y)

    compline  last service of the day (RCC), not complin

    composer, -ite, -ition, -itor
              abbr.  comp.

    compos mentis
              (Lat.), in one's right mind

    compote   stewed fruit

    compound, -ed
              abbr. comp.

    compound ranks or titles
              each word to have cap., as Assistant Adjutant-General,
              Vice-President

    comprehensible
              not -able

    comprise  not -ize; -ed, -ing

    compromise
              not -ize

    compte/   (Fr. m.), an account; -- rendu, official report, pl. comptes
              rendus

    "Comptes Rendus"
              reports of the French Academy (caps.)

    Compton-Burnett (Dame Ivy)
              1884-1969, English novelist (hyphen)

    comptroller
              retain when citing official title which has it, otherwise use
              controller

    Comptroller-General of the National Debt Office
              ditto of the Patent Office (caps., hyphen)

    computer  calculating and data-processing machine

    computerize
              not -ise

    Com.-Serj.
              Common Serjeant

    Comsomol  use K-

    Comte (Auguste)
              1798-1857, French philosopher; -ian, -ism, -ist

    comte     (Fr.), Count; fem. comtesse (not cap.)

    Con.      Consul

    con       to direct a ship's course, to examine, to swindle, not -nn, -un;
              -ning

    con.      conclusion, conics, conversation

    con.      contra (against, in opposition to)

    Conakry   Guinea

    con amore (It.), with affection (not ital. in mus.)

    con brio  (mus.), with vigour

    conc.     concentrat/ed, -ion

    concensus use conse-

    concentration camp
              (two words)

    Concepci×n
              name of many Cent. and S. American places (but not in Brazil)

    concert/-goer, -hall, -master
              (hyphens)

    Concert/meister, -stâck
              (Ger. mus.), now Konzert- (cap.)

    Concertgebouw Orchestra
              Amsterdam

    concertin/o
              (mus.) pl. group of soloists, short concerto, pl. -os

    concerto/ (mus.), pl. -s (but concerti grossi); abbr. cto.

    concessionaire
              holder of a concession, usu. of a monopoly from a foreign
              government (not ital.), in Fr. m. concessionnaire

    conch/    a shell; pl. -s

    conch.    conchology

    conchy    see conscientious objector

    concierg/e
              (Fr. m.f.), house-porter, -portress; -erie (f., no accent),
              porter's lodge

    Conciergerie (La)
              former Paris prison

    conclusion
              abbr. con.

    Concord   Calif., Mass., NC, NH, US

    concordance
              index of words or phrases used in book or by author

    concordat an agreement (not ital.)

    Concorde  make of aircraft

    concours  (Fr. m.), a competition; -- d'÷l÷gance, parade of vehicles

    concur/, -red, -ring


    conde     (Sp. & Port.), a count, not -dee

    Cond÷, Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de ("The Great")
              1621-86, French general

    condensed type
              a narrow typeface

    condottier/e
              (It.), a captain of mercenaries; pl. -i

    conductor not -er; abbr. c.

    con espressione
              (mus.), with expression, not ex-; abbr. con esp.

    coney     use cony

    Coney Island
              NY, US

    conf.     conference

    confection/ery
              (noun), -ary (adj.)

    Confederacy
              (US hist.), the league of seceding states in the Civil War

    confer    (Lat.), compare; abbr. cf.

    conference
              abbr. conf.

    conf÷rence
              (Fr. f.), lecture

    confer/, -red, -ring, -rable, -rer
              but -ee, -ence, -ment

    Confessio Amantis
              by Gower, 1393

    confetti  bits of coloured paper, etc.

    confidant/
              a trusted friend, fem.  -e

    confr÷re  (Fr. m.), colleague (not ital.)

    Confucius 551-479 BC, Chinese sage

    con fuoco (mus.), with passion

    cong.     congregation, -al, -alist, -ist, congress, -ional

    cong÷/    (Fr. m.), leave; -- d'÷lire, leave to elect, not -- de lire

    Congo (Democratic Republic of)
              Cent. Africa, now Zaìre

    Congo (People's Republic of the)
              Cent. Africa, indep. 1960, formerly Fr. Middle Congo; adj.
              Congolese

    congou    a black tea, not -o, kongo

    congregation/, -al, -alist
              (cap. as relig. denomination); abbr. cong.

    Congresbury
              Avon

    Congress  India, the political party; US, the legislative body (cap.);
              spell out number, as fifty-fourth Congress, not 54th

    congress/, -ional
              abbr. C. or cong.

    conics    geometry of the cone and its sections; abbr. con.

    conjugation
              inflexions of a verb; abbr. conj.

    conjunction
              connection; abbr.  conj.; (astr.) apparent proximity of two
              heavenly bodies (See Figure 3 in topic FRONT_4)

    conjunctiv/a
              mucous membrane between eyelid and eyeball; pl. -ae (not ital.);
              -itis, inflammation of this

    conjuror  a magician; one bound by oath, not -er

    con moto  (mus.), with (more) rapid motion

    Conn.     Connecticut, US

    Conna     Co. Cork

    Connacht  province of Ireland

    Connah's Quay
              Clwyd

    connect/er
              one who connects; -or, that which connects

    Connecticut
              US; abbr. Conn. or (postal) CT

    connection
              not connexion

    connivance
              tacit assent, not -ence

    connoisseur
              well-informed judge in matters of taste (not ital.)

    conoscente
              use cogno-

    conquistador/
              a conqueror, esp. of Mexico and Peru; pl. -es

    Conrad (Joseph)
              real name Teodor J×zef Konrad Korzeniowski, 1857-1924,
              Polish-English novelist, not K-

    cons.     consecrate(d), conservation, consonant, constable, constitution,
              -al

    Conscience (Hendrik)
              1812-83, Belgian novelist

    conscience' sake


    conscientious objector
              abbr. CO; (First World War colloq.) conchy

    consenescence
              general decay

    consensus not -census

    conservat/oire
              (Fr. m.); -orio (It., Port., Sp.); Konservatorium (Ger.  n.,
              cap.)

    consol.   consolidated

    console   (archit.) bracket; key-desk of an organ; cabinet for
              radio(gram), etc.

    Consolidated Annuities
              abbr.  Consols

    consomm÷  clear soup

    consonant abbr. cons.

    consonantize
              to make consonantal; not -ise

    con sordino
              (mus.), with a mute

    conspectus
              (Lat.), a general view (not ital.)

    con spirito
              (mus.), spiritedly

    constable abbr. c. or cons.

    Constance lake and town, Switzerland

    Constans  Roman emperor 337-50

    Constans  mythical King of Britain

    Constant (Benjamin;
              in full, Henri Benjamin Constant de Rebecque), 1767-1830, French
              Swiss political novelist; -- (Benjamin Jean Joseph), 1845-1902,
              French painter

    Constantino/ple
              now usu. Istanbul; -politan

    Constitution
              of a country (cap. C)

    constitution/, -al
              abbr. cons.

    construction
              abbr. constr.

    Consuelo  by George Sand, 1842

    Consul    abbr. C. or Con.; Lat. pl.  consules, abbr. coss.

    Consul-General
              abbr. C.-G.

    Consumers' Association
              abbr. CA

    consummat/e
              (verb), to perfect or complete; (adj.), perfect, complete; noun
              -ion

    consummatum est
              (Lat.), it is finished

    cont.     containing, contents, continent, continue, -d

    contadin/o
              Italian peasant, pl. -i; fem. -a, pl. -e

    contagi/um
              contagious matter; pl.  -a

    containing
              abbr. cont.

    contakion use kontakion

    contang/o (Stock Exchange), charge for carrying over; pl. -os

    conte     (Fr. m.), short story

    conte     (It. m.), a count

    contemptible
              not -able

    contents  abbr. cont.

    conterminous
              with a common end or boundary, not cot-

    Contes drolatiques
              by Balzac, 1832-7

    contessa  (It.), a countess

    Continent (the)
              (cap.); continent of Europe, etc. (not cap.); abbr.  cont.

    continu/e, -ed
              abbr. cont.

    continu/o (mus.), an improvised keyboard accompaniment; pl. -os

    continu/um
              (philos., phys.), a continuous quantity; pl. -a

    cont-line (naut.), spiral space between rope strands, space between stowed
              casks

    contr.    contract, -ed, -ion, -s, contrary

    contra    against, in opposition to; abbr. con.

    contrabasso
              (It. mus.), the double-bass, abbr. CB; in Eng. contrabass

    contract/, -ed, -ion, -s
              abbr.  contr.

    contracting-out
              (noun, hyphen)

    contractions
              see abbreviations

    contractor
              not -er

    contrafagotto
              (It. mus.), the double bassoon (one word)

    contra jus gentium
              (Lat.), against the law of nations

    contralt/o
              (mus.), lowest female voice; pl. -os; abbr. C.

    contra/ mundum
              (Lat.), against the world; -- pacem (law), against the peace

    contrariwise


    contrary  abbr. contr.

    Contrat social (Le)
              by J. J.  Rousseau, 1762

    contretemps
              a mishap (not ital.)

    contributor
              not -er

    control/, -led, -ling


    controller
              see comptroller

    Controller-General
              but Comptroller-General of the National Debt Office and of the
              Patent Office

    Controller of Accounts
              abbr. CA

    conundrum/
              riddle; pl. -s

    convector apparatus for heating by convection

    convenances (les)
              (Fr. f. pl.), the proprieties

    convener  caller of a meeting

    convention/, -al
              abbr. conv.

    conventionalize
              not -ise

    conversation
              abbr. con.

    conversazione/
              a meeting for learned conversation; pl. -s

    converter not -or

    convertible
              not -able

    convey/er (person); -or (thing) esp.  in conveyor belt

    Convocation
              a provincial assembly of the Church of England; a legislative
              assembly of certain universities

    convolvulus/
              flower; pl. -es

    Conwy     river and town, Gwynedd

    cony/     a rabbit, not coney, pl.  conies; ---garth, a rabbit-warren

    Conyngham (Marquess)


    Cooch Behar
              India, not Kuch

    cooee     (esp. Australian bush) call, not -ey, -hee, -ie

    Cook (Captain James)
              1728-79, British explorer; -- (Thomas), 1808-92, English travel
              agent

    cookie    (Sc.) a bun, (US) a small cake or biscuit, not -ey, -y

    coolabah  Austral. gum-tree, not -ibah

    coolie    (Ind., Chin.), native hired labourer, not -y

    Coomassie Ghana, use Kumasi

    Cooper (James Fenimore
              one n), 1789-1851, US novelist

    co-operat/e, -ion, -ive
              (hyphen), but uncooperative (no hyphen)

    Co-operative Society
              (hyphen)

    co-opt    (hyphen)

    co-ordinate
              (hyphen); but in math.  usu. coordinate; and uncoordinated

    Cop.      Copernican

    cop.      copper, copulative

    copaiba   (med.), a balsam from a S.  American tree, not -va

    coparcen/ary
              (law), joint heirship to an undivided property, not -ery; -er, a
              joint heir

    COPEC     Conference on Christian Politics, Economics, and Citizenship

    copeck    a hundredth of a rouble, not -ec, -ek, ko-; abbr. c.

    Copenhagen


    Copernican
              abbr. Cop.

    copier    not copyer

    copper    abbr. cop.; symbol Cu (cuprum)

    copperas  ferrous sulphate, green vitriol

    copperize to impregnate with copper, not -ise

    copro-    (in compounds), dung-, not k-

    Copt.     Coptic, liturgical language of Egyptian Christians

    copul/a   (gram., logic, anat., mus.), that which connects; pl. -ae

    copulative
              abbr. cop.

    copy      (typ.), matter to be reproduced in type. See also manuscript

    copy-book (hyphen)

    copyer    use -ier

    copyholder
              (typ.), (formerly) a proof-reader's assistant

    copy preparation
              see manuscript

    copyright notice
              the copyright symbol ˆ, name of copyright-owner, and date of
              publication must appear (usu. on the verso of the title-page) in
              every copy of a book claiming copyright protection under the
              Universal Copyright Convention (q.v.). See also Berne Convention

    copy/-typist, -writer
              (hyphens)

    coq/      (Fr. m.), cock; -- au vin, chicken cooked in wine; -- de
              bruyëre, black game

    coquet/   fem. -te, a flirt; -ry, -ting, -tish

    coquille  (Fr. typ. f.), a misprint

    Cor.      1 and 2 Corinthians

    cor.      corpus; (mus.) cornet, corno (horn); coroner

    coram     (Lat.), in presence of; -- judice (law), before a judge; --
              nobis, before us; -- paribus, before one's equals; -- populo,
              before the people

    Coran     use Koran

    cor anglais
              (mus.), instrument of oboe family

    coranto   use courante

    Corcyra   anc. name of Corfu

    Corday (Charlotte)
              1768-93, French revolutionist

    cordelier Franciscan friar, wearing knotted waist-cord

    cordillera/
              (Sp.), a mountain chain; pl. -s

    cordite   an explosive

    Cordoba   Spain and Argentina, not -va; in Sp. C×rdoba

    c×rdoba   monetary unit of Nicaragua

    cordon bleu
              blue ribbon, a first-rate cook

    cordon sanitaire
              sanitary cordon (of men) to prevent spread of contagious disease

    cordwain  Spanish leather

    Corea/, -n
              use K-

    co-respondent
              in divorce case (hyphen)

    corf      coal-miner's basket, tub, or trolley; lobster-cage; pl. corves

    Corfe Castle
              Dorset, castle and village

    Corflambo the giant in Spenser's Faerie Queene

    Corfu     Gr. island, anc. name Corcyra, in mod. Gr. Kerkyra

    Corinthians, (First, Second, Epistle to the)
              abbr. 1 Cor., 2 Cor.

    Corn.     Cornish, Cornwall

    corncrake bird (one word)

    corne/a   the eyeball covering; pl.  -as

    Corneille (Pierre)
              1606-84, French playwright

    cornelian red quartz, not carnelian, -ion

    cornemuse French bagpipe

    corner-stone
              (hyphen)

    cornet    (mus.), abbr. cor.

    cornett/o (mus.), old woodwind instrument; pl. -i

    cornfield (one word)

    cornflour finely ground maize

    cornflower
              blue-flowered plant

    Corniche (La)
              coast road from Nice to Genoa; in It. La Cornice

    Cornish/  abbr. Corn.; -- gillyflower, a variety of apple

    Corn Laws (caps.)

    corn/o    (mus.), a horn, pl. -i; -o inglese (It.), cor anglais

    cornu/    (anat.), hornlike process; pl. -a

    Cornubia  (Lat.), Cornwall

    cornucopia/
              horn of plenty; pl. -s; adj. -n

    Cornwall  abbr. Corn.; in Fr. f.  Cornouailles

    coroll.   corollary, inference

    corolla/  (bot.), pl. -s

    coron/a   (archit., bot., anat., astr.), pl. -ae

    coroner   cap. as title; abbr. cor.

    coronis   mark of contraction (crasis) in Greek

    Corot (Jean Baptiste Camille)
              1796-1875, French painter

    Corporal  abbr. Cpl.

    corpor/al of the human body; -eal, physical, mortal, opp. to spiritual

    corporealize
              to materialize, not -ise

    corposant St Elmo's fire

    corps     sing. and pl.

    corps/ d'arm÷e
              (Fr. m.), army corps, -- de ballet, company of ballet-dancers;
              -- de bataille, central part of an army; -- d'÷lite, a picked
              body; -- des lettres (Fr. typ.), the body of the type; --
              diplomatique, diplomatic body

    corp/us   body; pl. -ora, abbr. cor.

    Corpus Christi
              festival of institution of the Eucharist, on the Thursday after
              Trinity Sunday

    Corpus Christi College
              Oxf. and Camb., abbr. CCC

    corpus delicti
              (law), the facts constituting an alleged offence

    corp/us lut/eum
              (physiol.), ovarian body; pl. -ora -ea

    corp/us vil/e
              worthless substance; pl. -ora -ia

    corr.     correct/ion, -ive, -or; correspond, -ence, -ent, -ing; corrupt,
              -ed

    corral    (noun and verb), pen (for) cattle (two rs)

    correcteur
              (Fr. typ. m.), corrector of the press

    correct/ion, -ive, -or
              abbr. corr.

    correction of proofs
              see proof-correction marks

    Correggio (Antonio Allegri da)
              1494-1534, Italian painter

    corregidor
              (Sp.), a magistrate

    correlate bring into relation

    correlative
              abbr. correl.

    correspond/, -ence, -ent, -ing
              abbr. corr.

    Corresponding Member
              abbr. CM or Corr. Mem.  Corrëze, d÷p. France

    corrida   a bullfight (not ital.); corrida de toros (Sp.), a bullfight
              (itals.)

    corrigend/um
              thing to be corrected; pl. -a

    Corr./ Mem.
              Corresponding Member; -- Sec., Corresponding Secretary

    corroboree
              Australian aboriginal dance, not -bery, -borie, -bory

    corrupt/, -ed, -ion
              abbr. corr.

    corrupter not -or

    corset    close fitting inner bodice

    Corsica   abbr. Cors.; in Fr. f.  Corse

    corslet   (armour) cuirass; combined waistband and brassiëre; not -elet

    corso     (It.), (horse-)race, street for it

    Corstorphine
              Edinburgh

    cort.     cortex

    cortëge   (funeral) procession

    Cortes    the legislative assembly of Spain

    Cort÷s (Hernando)
              1485-1547, conqueror of Mexico

    cort/ex   bark; pl. -ices, abbr.  cort.

    Corunna   in Sp. La CoruÄa

    corv÷e    (Fr. f.), feudal forced labour, drudgery

    corvette  a small frigate

    Coryate (Thomas)
              ?1577-1617, English traveller

    corybant/ a Phrygian priest; pl.  -es (not ital.); adj. -ic, frenzied

    Corycian nymphs
              the Muses

    coryphae/us
              a chorus leader, not -eus; pl. -i

    coryph÷e  (Fr. m.), chief ballet-dancer

    COS       Chief of Staff

    Cos       Gr. island, not Kos; hence cos lettuce

    cos       (math.), cosine (no point)

    co. sa.   (mus.), come sopra, as above

    cosec     (math.), cosecant (no point)

    cosh      (math.), hyperbolic cosine (no point)

    cosh/ar, -er
              (Heb.), use kosher

    Cosî fan tutte
              ("All women are like that"), opera by Mozart, 1790

    co-signatory
              (hyphen)

    cosine    (math., no hyphen), abbr. cos

    cosmogony, cosmography
              abbr.  cosmog.

    COSPAR    Committee on Space Research

    coss.     consules (consuls)

    cosseted  pampered, not -etted

    co-star   (hyphen)

    cotangent (math., no hyphen), abbr.  cot

    cote      (Fr. f.), market quotation, figure, mark, share

    cõte      (Fr. f.), hillside, shore

    cõt÷      (Fr. m.), side

    Cõte d'Azure
              eastern Mediterranean coast of France

    Cõte-d'Or d÷p. France

    cõtelette (Fr. f.), a cutlet

    coterie   a "set" of persons (not ital.)

    coterminous
              use cont-

    Cõte-rõtie
              (Fr. f.), a red wine

    cõtes de boeuf
              (Fr. f.), ribs of beef

    Cõtes-du-Nord
              d÷p. France

    cotillion a dance; in Fr. m.  cotillon

    cottar    peasant, not -er

    cotter    pin, wedge, etc.

    Cotter's Saturday Night (The)
              by Burns, 1786

    Cottian Alps
              France and Italy

    cottier   a cottager

    cotton/   in Fr. m. coton; -tail (one word), American rabbit; -- wool (two
              words), raw cotton

    Cottonian Library
              in British Museum (British Library, Reference Division)

    cottonize to make cotton-like, not -ise

    couch     a kind of grass. See also cutch

    coud÷     (astr.), telescope with light-path bent at an angle

    Cou÷ism   psychotherapy by auto-suggestion (Emile Cou÷, 1857-1926)

    couldn't  to be printed close up

    couldst   (no apos.)

    coul÷     (mus.), a slur

    coul÷e    a lava-flow

    couleur   (Fr. f.), colour; -- de rose, roseate (figurative)

    coulisses (pl.), the wings in a theatre

    couloir   a gully

    Coulomb (Charles Augustin de)
              1736-1806, French physicist; coulomb (elec.), unit of charge,
              abbr. C

    coulter   a plough blade, not col-

    council/  assembly; -lor, member of a council, abbr. Cllr.

    council/ estate, -- flat, -- house
              (two words), properties owned by council; -house (hyphen), in
              which council meets

    counsel/  advice, barrister; -led, -ling; -lor, one who counsels

    count/    -ess (cap. as title); abbr.  Ct.

    countdown (noun, one word)

    counter   (typ.), space wholly or mainly enclosed within a letter, e.g.the
              centre of O

    counter/balance, -charge
              (one word)

    counter/-cheer, -claim
              (hyphens)

    counter-clockwise
              (one hyphen)

    counter-quarte
              (fencing) (hyphen), not -carte

    counter/-reformation
              (caps. with hist. reference); -revolution (hyphens)

    counter-tenor
              (mus.), abbr. C.

    Countesthorpe
              Leics.

    Counties palatine
              Cheshire and Lancs. (cap. C only)

    countrif/y,-ied
              not country-

    country/ dance, -- house
              (two words)

    countryside
              (one word)

    country-wide
              (hyphen)

    county    abbr. Co.

    County Council/, -lor
              abbr. CC

    County court
              (one cap.), abbr. CC

    coup      a stroke, esp. a political revolution

    Coupar Angus
              Tayside (no hyphen), not Cupar --

    coup/ de foudre
              (Fr. m.), stroke of lightning; -- de fouet (fencing), a "beat";
              -- de grçce, a finishing stroke; -- de main, sudden attack to
              gain a position; -- de maítre, a master-stroke; -- de pied, a
              kick; -- de poing, blow with the fist, -- de soleil, sunstroke;
              -- d'essai, first attempt; -- d'÷tat, sudden or violent change
              in government; -- de theatre, sudden sensational act; -- d'oeil,
              a glance, wink

    coupe     a shallow dish

    coup÷     a covered motor car for two (accent, not ital.)

    coupee    in dancing, a salute to partner

    couper    (Sc.), a dealer

    Couperin (Franúois)
              1688-1733, French composer

    coup manqu÷
              (Fr. m.), a failure

    courante  (music for) dance with gliding step, not coranto

    Cour de Cassation
              see Cassation

    courgette small marrow (not ital.)

    courier   travelling attendant, in Fr. m. courrier

    Court     abbr. C. or Ct.

    Courtauld Institute of Art
              London

    court bouillon
              (Fr. cook. m.), fish stock

    Courtelle propr. term for an acrylic fibre (cap.)

    Courtenay fam. name of Earl of Devon

    courtesan prostitute with wealthy clients

    court-house
              abbr. CH

    Courtmantle
              use Cu-

    court martial
              (noun, two words), pl.  courts --; court-martial (verb, hyphen)

    Court of/ Appeal
              abbr. CA; -- -- Common Pleas, abbr. CCP; -- -- Probate, abbr.
              CP; -- -- St James's (apos.); -- -- Session, abbr. CS

    Courtrai  Belgium, not -ay; in Fl., Kortrijk

    Courts of Justice
              (caps.)

    courtyard (one word)

    couscous  NW African dish of granulated flour steamed over broth. See also
              cuscus

    cousin-german
              not -aine, -ane; pl.  cousins-german

    coãte que coãte
              (Fr.), at any cost, not -- qui --

    Coutts & Co.
              bankers

    coutur/ier, -iëre
              a dressmaker

    Covenanter
              (Sc. hist.)

    covenantor
              (law)

    Coventry: sig. of Bp. of Coventry (colon)

    Coverley (Sir Roger de)


    cover-up  (noun, hyphen)

    Cowling   Lancs., N. Yorks.

    Cowlinge  Suffolk

    Cowper (William)
              1731-1800, English poet

    cowrie    the shell, used as money in Africa and S. Asia, not -ry. See
              also kauri

    coxcomb   a fop. See also cocks-comb

    coxswain  (naut.), not cocks-; colloq. cox

    Coy.      (mil.), company

    coyote    N. American prairie wolf

    coypu     S. American aquatic rodent, source of nutria fur, not -ou

 3.16 CP...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CP        Cape Province (of S. Africa), Central Provinces, now Madhya
              Pradesh (India), Chief Patriarch, Civil Power, --Procedure,
              Clarendon Press, Clerk of the Peace, Code of Procedure, College
              of Preceptors, Common Pleas, -- Prayer, Communist Party,
              Congregatio Passionis (Passionist Fathers), Court of Probate

    cp.       compare

    c.p.      candlepower, carriage paid

    CPC       Clerk of the Privy Council

    c.p./i.   characters per inch; --l., ditto per line; --m., ditto per
              minute; --s., ditto per second, cycles per second

    Cpl.      Corporal

    CPO       Chief Petty Officer, Compulsory Purchase Order

    CPR       Canadian Pacific Railway

    CPRE      Council for the Protection of Rural England

    CPS       Custos Privati Sigilli (Keeper of the Privy Seal)

    CPSA      Civil and Public Services Association

    CPSU      Communist Party of the Soviet Union

    CPU       (comp.), central processing unit

 3.17 CR...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CR        Carolina Regina (Queen Caroline), Carolus Rex (King Charles),
              Civis Romanus (a Roman citizen), Community of the Resurrection,
              Custos Rotulorum (Keeper of the Rolls), credit rating, current
              rate

    Cr        chromium (no point)

    Cr.       credit, -or, Crown

    cr.       created

    Crabb (George)
              1778-1854, English philologist

    Crabbe (George),
              1754-1832, English poet

    Cracow    acceptable Anglicized spelling of Krak×w, Poland

    Craigton  Glasgow

    Crane (Harold Hart)
              1899-1932, US poet; -- (Stephen), 1871-1900, US novelist and
              poet

    cranes-bill
              plant of the genus Geranium, not cranesbill

    crani/um  skull; pl. -a

    crap/e    gauzelike fabric, usu.  black, for mourning; adj. -y. See also
              crépe

    crassa negligentia
              (law), criminal negligence

    crawfish  large marine lobster

    crayfish  freshwater crustacean

    CRC       camera-ready copy

    cream/-laid
              a writing paper with wire marks; ---wove, ditto without

    created   abbr. cr.

    Creation (the)
              (cap.)

    crëche    a day nursery

    Cr÷cy (battle of)
              1346, not Cressy, Cr÷ci

    credit/, -or
              abbr. Cr.

    credit card
              (two words)

    cr÷dit/ foncier
              (Fr. m.), society for loans on real estate; -- mobilier, ditto
              on personal estate

    credo/    creed; pl. -s

    creese    use kris

    Crefeld   W. Germany, use Krefeld

    Creighton (Mandell)
              1843-1901, Bp.  and historian

    crematori/um
              pl. -a

    crëme de la crëme
              (Fr. f.), the very best, not cre-, cré-

    Cremona   a violin made there (cap.)

    crenate   (bot.), notched (of leaves)

    crenellate(d)
              (mil.), furnish(ed) with battlements

    crenulate (bot.), finely notched

    Creole    (strict use, usu. cap.)  pure-blooded descendant of French,
              Spanish, Portuguese settlers in W.  Indies, Louisiana,
              Mauritius, Africa, and E. Indies; (loose use, not cap.), a Negro
              born in America; a Creole-Negro half-breed speaking a Spanish or
              French dialect; dialect thus imposed by a dominant group

    creosote  not kreosote

    crépe/    (Fr. m.), crape fabric other than black, (f.) pancake; -- de
              Chine, raw silk crepe; -- lisse, smooth crepe; -- Suzette, small
              pancake. See also crape

    crescendo/
              (mus.), growing in force; abbr. cres., cresc.; (non-techn.),
              gradually increasing noise; pl. -s

    Cressy    use Crecy

    cretaceous
              chalky, not -ious

    Cretan    of Crete

    cretin    type of mental defective; in Fr. m. cr÷tin, f. cr÷tine

    cretonne  a cotton cloth

    Creusot (Le)
              d÷p. Saone-et-Loire, France, not -zot

    crevasse  large fissure, esp. in the ice of a glacier

    Crëvecoeur (Michel Guillaume Jean de)
              1735-1813, French-born US writer

    crëve-coeur
              (Fr. m.), heart-break; pl. same

    crevette  (Fr. f.), prawn

    crevice   small fissure

    Criccieth Gwynedd

    Crichton (James)
              1560-?85, Scottish scholar and soldier, "the Admirable --"

    cricket/, -er, -ing


    cri de coeur
              (Fr. m.), passionate appeal

    crim. con.
              (law), criminal conversation, adultery

    crime passionnel
              (Fr. m.), crime caused by sexual passion (two ns)

    Crimplene propr. term for bulked Terylene (cap.)

    cring/e, -ing


    crinkum-crankum
              intricate, crooked, not -cum -cum

    cris/is   pl. -es

    crispbread
              thin rye etc. biscuit (one word)

    crit.     critic/al, -ized

    criteri/on
              standard of judgement; pl. -a

    criticaster
              a petty critic

    criticize not -ise

    critique  a review (not ital.)

    Critique of Pure Reason
              in German Kritik der reinen Vernunft, by Kant, 1781

    CRMP      Corps of Royal Military Police

    Croat     a native of Croatia; Serbo-Croat Hrvat

    crochet/  hooked-needle work; -ed, -ing

    Crockford in full Crockford's Clerical Directory, the "Who's Who" of the
              clergy, from 1858

    Crockford's
              London club

    crocus/   pl. -es

    Croesus   6th c. BC, rich king (and the last) of Lydia

    croissant crescent-shaped roll, not croisant

    Croix de Guerre
              French decoration

    Cro-Magnon
              (anthrop.), of a prehistoric race, remains found at --, d÷p.
              Dordogne, France

    Cromartie (Earl of)


    cromesquis
              (Fr. cook. m.), see kromesky

    Crome Yellow
              by Aldous Huxley, 1921

    Cronos    use K-

    Crookback sobriquet of Richard III, not Crouchback

    Crookes (Sir William)
              1832-1919, English physicist

    Croonian Lecture
              of Royal Society

    croquet/  game (not ital.); as verb, -ed, -ing

    croquette (Fr. f.), rissole (not ital.)

    crore     (Ind.), ten millions, point thus: 1,00,00,000. See also lakh

    crosette  use crossette

    crosier   Bp.'s or Abp.'s staff, not -zier

    croslet   use crosslet

    cross     (typ.), proof-correction sign for a battered sort

    crossbar  (one word)

    cross-bench(er)
              (Parl.) (hyphen)

    cross-bill
              (law), a promissory note given in exchange; a bill brought by
              defendant against plaintiff in a Chancery suit (hyphen)

    crossbill a passerine bird

    crossette (archit.), a ledge, not crose-

    Crossgates
              Cumbria, Fife, Powys, N.  Yorks.

    Cross Gates
              W. Yorks.

    Crosshill Fife, Strathclyde

    Cross Hill
              Derby., Shropshire

    Crosskeys Co. Antrim, Co. Cavan, Gwent

    Cross Keys
              Kent, Wilts.

    crosslet  (her.), small cross, not croslet

    cross, Maltese; Latin; Greek; Tau
              (See Figure 4 in topic FRONT_4)

    crossroad(s)
              (one word)

    cross/-section, -wind
              (hyphens)

    crossways not -way, -wise

    crossword (puzzle)

    crotchet/ a mus. note; a whim; -ed, -ing, -y

    Crouchback
              use Crookback

    croupier  gaming-table attendant

    croãton   (Fr. m.), a bit of crust or toast

    Crowland  Lincs., Suffolk, not Croy-

    Crown (the)
              (cap. C) abbr. Cr.

    crown     former size of paper, 15 x 20 in.; -- 4to, 10 x 7.5in.; -- 8vo,
              7.5 x 5in. (untrimmed); basis for size of metric crown, 768 x
              1008 mm. See also book sizes

    Crowner's quest
              dialectal for Coroner's inquest (cap. C only)

    Crown Office
              abbr. CO

    Crowther-Hunt (Baron)
              (hyphen)

    crozier   use cros-

    CRP       Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium (Calendar of the Patent Rolls)

    CRR       Curia Regis Roll

    CRT       cathode ray tube

    cru       (wine), growth (no accent)

    Crucifixion (the)
              (cap. C)

    Cruft's Dog Show
              not -s'

    Cruikshank (George)
              1792-1878, English caricaturist and illustrator

    crumhorn  use krummhorn

    cruse     a jar, not cruise

    crush bar (two words)

    crush-barrier
              (hyphen)

    Cruso     NC, US

    Crusoe (Robinson)
              by Defoe, 1719

    crux      of an argument; pl. cruces (not ital.)

    crux/ ansata; commissa; decussata; stellata
              (See Figure 4 in topic FRONT_4)

    cryogenics
              the study of low-temperature refrigeration

    cryptogam/
              (bot.), any member of the Cryptogamia, flowerless plants; adj.
              -ous

    crypto/gram
              anything written in code; -grapher, -graphic, -graphy

    crypton   (chem.), use k-

    cryptonym a private name

    crystal.  crystallography

    crystalliz/ation, -e
              not -is-; -ed, -ing

 3.18 CS...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CS        Chemical Society (now part of Royal Society of Chemistry), Civil
              Service, Clerk to the Signet, College of Science, Common
              Serjeant, Court of Session, Custos Sigilli (Keeper of the Seal)

    Cs        caesium (no point)

    c/s       cycles per second

    Csar      etc., use Ts-

    csardas   Hungarian dance, pl. same, not cz-

    CSC       Civil Service Commission, Conspicuous Service Cross (now DSC)

    CSE       Certificate of Secondary Education

    CSI       Companion of the Order of the Star of India

    CSM       Company Sergeant-Major

    CSU       Civil Service Union

 3.19 CT...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CT        Connecticut (off. postal abbr.)

    Ct.       Count, Court

    ct.       cent

    CTC       Cyclists' Touring Club

    Ctesiphon city of anc. Mesopotamia

    ctl.      central, -s

    cto.      (mus.), concerto

    cts.      centimes, cents

 3.20 CU...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CU        Cambridge University

    Cu        cuprum (copper) (no point)

    cu.       cubic

    cube root (two words)

    cubic/    abbr. c., cu., or cub.

    cubicul/um
              (archaeol.), burial-chamber; pl. -a

    cudgel/, -led, -ling


    CUDS      Cambridge University Dramatic Society

    cue/, -ing.
              See also queue

    Cufic     use Kufic

    cui bono? (Lat.), who gains by it?

    cuidad    use ciudad

    Cuillins  mountains in Skye

    cuirass/  body armour; -ier, soldier wearing it

    cuisine   cookery (not ital.)

    culch     oyster spawn, not cultch

    cul-de-sac
              a blind alley, a trap, pl. culs-de-sac

    cul/ex    a gnat; pl. -ices

    cullender use colan-

    Cullinan  famous diamond

    Culpeper  Va., US, from Governor -- (Thomas, Lord), 1578-1662

    cultivar  (bot.), variety made by cultivation, abbr. cv.

    CUM       Cambridge University Mission

    cum       (Lat.), with (not ital.)

    Cumaean   of Cumae, near Naples

    Cumbernauld
              Strathclyde, "new town", 1956

    Cumbria   county of England

    cum dividend
              with dividend; abbr.  c.d.

    cumfrey   use co-

    cum grano salis
              (Lat.), with a grain of salt

    cumin     plant with aromatic seeds, not cummin

    cummerbund
              a waistbelt, not ku-, -band

    Cummings (Edward Estlin)
              1894-1962, US poet who renounced use of capital letters

    cum multis aliis
              (Lat.), with many others

    cum. pref.
              cumulative preference

    cumquat   use k-

    cumul/us  (meteor.), a cloud form; pl. -i; abbr. k.

    cuneiform wedge-shaped, not cunif-, cunef-

    Cunninghame Graham (Robert Bontine)
              1852-1936, British writer

    CUP       Cambridge University Press

    Cupar/    Fife; -- Angus, Tayside, use Coupar Angus

    cupbearer (one word)

    cupro-nickel
              alloy of copper and nickel

    cuprum    copper, symbol Cu

    cur.      currency, current

    curable   not -eable

    curaúao   liqueur, not -oa

    curare    a drug, not -a, -i, urari

    curb      for verb, and curb of bridle.  See also kerb

    curbstone use kerb-

    cur÷      French priest; petit --, French curate

    cure-all  a universal remedy (hyphen)

    curfuffle use ker-

    Curia/    the papal court (cap.); -- advisare vult, the court desires to
              consider; abbr. c.a.v.

    Curie (Marie Sklodowska)
              1867-1934, and her husband -- (Pierre), 1859-1906, French
              scientists

    curie     unit of radioactivity, abbr.  Ci (cap.); now replaced by
              becquerel

    curio/    an object of art; pl. -s (not ital.)

    curium    symbol Cm

    curlicue  a decorative curl, not -eque, -ycue

    currach   a coracle, not -agh

    Curragh (The)
              Co. Kildare

    curren/t, -cy
              abbr. cur.; electric current, symbol I or i (ital.)

    currente calamo
              (Lat.), easily, fluently

    curricul/um
              course of study, pl.  -a; -um vitae, summary of a career, pl. -a
              vitae; abbr. c.v.

    Currie    Lothian

    Curry     Co. Sligo

    cursor    (comp.), movable spot of light on VDU (q.v.) screen, indicating
              item being edited

    curtain-raiser
              (theat.), Fr. lever de rideau

    Curtiss (Glenn Hammond)
              1878-1930, US pioneer aviator

    Curtmantle
              sobriquet of Henry II, not Cou-

    curtsy/   not -sey; -ing

    curvilinear
              (one word)

    Curwen (John)
              1816-80, pioneer of tonic sol-fa

    cuscus/   a marsupial; ---grass, of India. See also couscous

    custodia legis
              (Lat.), in the custody of the law

    custom-house
              (hyphen); abbr. CH

    cust/os   (Lat. m.), a custodian, pl.  -odes; Custos/ Privati Sigilli,
              Keeper of the Privy Seal, abbr.  CPS; -- Rotulorum, Keeper of
              the Rolls, abbr. CR; -- Sigilli, ditto Seal, abbr. CS

    cut and dried
              (adj., no hyphens)

    cut-back  (noun, hyphen)

    Cutch     India, use K-

    cutch     catechu, extract of Indian plants, tough paper sheets used by
              gold-beaters, not k-. See also couch

    cut/-off -out
              (nouns), -price (adj.)  (hyphens)

    cuts      (typ.), illustrations

    Cutty Sark
              famous clipper, now in dry dock at Greenwich

    cutty-stool
              stool of repentance

    cuv÷e     a vatful, or sort, of wine

    Cuyp      Dutch artists, not K-

 3.21 cv....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    cv.       (bot.), cultivar

    c.v.      curriculum vitae

    CVO       Commander of the Royal Victorian Order

 3.22 Cwlth...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Cwlth     (no point), Commonwealth (Australian)

    Cwmbran   Gwent, "new town", 1949

    Cwmcarn   Gwent

    CWS       Co-operative Wholesale Society

    cwt.      hundredweight (but no point in scientific and technical work)

 3.23 cybernetics...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    cybernetics
              study of communication processes in animals and machines

    cyc.      cyclopaed/ia, -ic

    Cycle of the Saros
              (astr.), 6,585.5 days

    cyclopaed/ia, -ic;
              but use -ped- in quoting titles using that form; abbr. cyc.

    Cyclop/s  a giant with one eye; pl.  -es; adj. -ean

    cyclotron apparatus for accelerating particles, used in nuclear
              disintegration, artificial radioactivity, etc.

    cyder     use cider

    Cym.      Cymric

    cyma      (archit.), a moulding of the cornice

    cymbalist a cymbal-player. See cembalist

    cymbal/o  a dulcimer, pl. -os

    cymbiform boat-shaped, not cymbae-

    Cymmrodorion (Honourable Society of)
              (two ms)

    Cymric    Welsh, not K-

    Cymru     Wales

    Cymry     the Welsh nation

    CYMS      Catholic Young Men's Society

    Cynewulf  eighth century, Anglo-Saxon poet

    cynocephalus
              a dog-headed creature

    Cynthia   the moon

    Cynthius  epithet of Apollo

    cypher    use cipher

    cy pres   (law), as near as possible to a testator's intentions

    Cyprian   of Cyprus; --, in Lat.  Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus, c.200-58,
              Christian writer and martyr

    Cypriot   inhabitant or language of Cyprus

    Cyprus    independent republic 1960

    Cyrenaic  pertaining to Cyrene or its school of philosophy

    Cyrillic  (pertaining to) the alphabet used by Slavonic peoples of the
              Eastern Church (two ls)

    cyst/     (biol.), sac; -ic; not ci-

    Cytherean pertaining to Aphrodite, not -ian

 3.24 CZ...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    CZ        Canal Zone (Panama)

    Czar      etc., use Ts-

    czÁrdÁs   use cs-

    Czech     native or language of Bohemia

    Czechoslovak
              not -ian, (person) belonging to Czechoslovakia

    Czerny (Karl)
              1791-1857, Austrian composer

 4.0 D
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



 4.1 D...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    D         500, deuterium (= heavy hydrogen), the fourth in a series

    D.        Deputy, (US) Democrat, Duke, Deus (God), Dominus (Lord), prefix
              to enumeration of Schubert's works (see Deutsch)

    d         (prefix) deci-

    d.        date, daughter, day, dead, degree, departs, desert/ed, -er,
              died, dime, dioptre, dose, (Fr.)  douane (customs), droite (the
              right hand), (it.) destra (right), (Lat.)  decretum (a decree),
              denarii (pence), denarius (penny), (meteor.) drizzling

    d'        as prefix to an un-Anglicized proper name should, in accordance
              with continental practice, be lower case and not cap., as
              d'Arsonval, except at beginning of sentence.  Signatures to be
              copied. See also accents

 4.2 DA...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DA        deposit account, (US) District Attorney

    Da.       Danish

    da        (prefix) deca-

    DAB       Dictionary of American Biography

    da/ ballo (mus.), dance style; -- capo, or -- capo al fine, repeat to the
              word fine, abbr. DC; -- capo dal segno, repeat from the sign,
              abbr. DS; -- capella, or -- chiesa, in church style

    Dacca     use Dhaka

    d'accord  (Fr.), I agree

    Dachau    Nazi concentration camp, 1933-45

    dachshund badger-dog

    dacoit    Indian robber, not dak-, dec-

    dactyl/   foot of three syllables, adj. -ic (See Figure 1 in
              topic FRONT_4)

    Dada/     unconventional art c.1920; -ism

    daddy-long-legs
              the crane-fly (hyphens)

    dado/     wooden skirting; pl. -s

    Daedalus  builder of the Cretan labyrinth

    daemon    (Gr. myth.), supernatural being, indwelling spirit, not daimon,
              demon

    daffadowndilly
              a daffodil, not daffi-, daffo-, daffy- (one word)

    Dagapur   Ethiopia

    dagger, double --
              See reference marks (See Figure 5 in topic FRONT_4) The dagger
              in Eng. before, in Ger. after, a person's name, signifies "dead"
              or "died"

    daggle-tail
              use draggle-

    dago/     Spaniard, Portuguese, or Italian (derog.), pl. -s

    Dagonet, Sir
              King Arthur's fool

    Daguerre (Louis Jacques Mand÷)
              1789-1851, French pioneer of photography

    daguerreotype
              (not cap.)

    dahabeeyah
              Nile sailing-boat

    Dahomey   W. Africa, now Benin

    DÁil òireann
              Lower House of Irish Parliament

    d'ailleurs
              (Fr.), besides

    daimio/   Japanese noble; pl. -s

    Daimler   motor car

    daiquiri  a cocktail

    dais      small platform, not daìs

    dakoit    use dac-

    Dakota (North and South)
              off.  abbrs. N. Dak. or ND, S. Dak. or SD

    Dalai Lama
              the Grand Lama of Tibet

    Dali      (Salvador), 1904-89, Spanish painter

    Dalila    see Delilah

    Dallapiccola (Luigi)
              1904-75, Italian composer

    Dalmatian spotted dog, not -ion

    dal segno (It. mus.), repeat from the sign, abbr. DS

    damageable
              not -gable

    Damara/, -land
              SW Africa

    damascen/e, -er
              ornament(er) in metal, not -keen, -kin

    Dame aux Camelias (La)
              play by Dumas fils, 1848

    Damien de Veuster (Joseph)
              1840-89, Belgian priest to leper colony in Hawaiian Islands,
              "Father Damien"

    damnosa hereditas
              (Lat.), a legacy involving loss

    damnum absque injuria
              (Lat.), damage without wrong

    Damon and Pythias
              (Gr. myth.), model friends

    Dan.      (Book of) Daniel

    Dan/aê    mother of Perseus, also asteroid; Danaea, fern genus; -aìd, dau.
              of Danaus; -aus, son of Belus

    Dandie Dinmont
              breed of Scottish terrier, from Andrew Dinmont, farmer in
              Scott's Guy Mannering

    dandruff  scurf, not -riff

    Danegeld  land-tax, not -lt

    Daniel (Book of)
              abbr. Dan.

    Daniell's battery
              (elec.), usu.  called a Daniell cell

    Danish/   abbr. Da.

    danke shæn
              (Ger.), many thanks

    Dannebrog Danish national standard, also order of knighthood, not Dane-

    d'Annunzio (Gabriele)
              1864-1938, Italian writer

    danse macabre
              (Fr. f.), dance of death

    danseuse  (Fr. f.), a female dancer

    Dant/e Alighieri
              1265-1321, Italian poet; -ean, -esque, -ist (caps)

    Danzig    Baltic free port

    daou      use dhow

    DAR       daughters of the American revolution

    d'Arblay (Mme)
              1752-1840, the English novelist Fanny Burney

    Darby and Joan
              devoted old married couple

    d'Arc (Jeanne)
              Joan of Arc, 1412-31

    Darcy de Knayth (Baroness)


    daredevil (one word)

    daren't   to be printed close up

    dare say  (two words)

    Dar es Salaam
              cap. of Tanzania (no hyphens)

    Darjeeling
              not Darji-

    Dark Ages (the)
              (caps.)

    dark-room (hyphen)

    darshan   (Hindi), seeing a revered person

    Darwen    Lancs., not Over --

    Darwin/ (Charles Robert)
              1809-82, author of Origin of Species; -- (Erasmus), 1731-1802,
              English physician and poet, grandfather of Charles; -ian, -ism,
              -ist

    das       (Ger.), the (neut. sing.  nominative and accusative); also that.
              See also das heisst

    dash      see punctuation XII

    dashboard (one word)

    das/ heisst
              (Ger.) that is to say, abbr. d.h.; -- ist, that is, abbr.  d.i.

    dass      (Ger.), that (conjunction)

    dat.      dative

    data      see datum

    data/bank, -base
              (one word)

    datable   capable of being dated, not -eable

    data processing
              (hyphen when attrib.)

    date      abbr. d. The order is day, month, year, as 5 June 1903; in Fr.
              le 5 juin 1903; in Ger. den 5. Juni 1903. Names of days and
              months generally in full, but may be abbreviated in footnotes.
              All-figure form in Britain 5.6.03; in US 6.5.03 (month first),
              international dating system (see BS 4795) is year, month, day,
              e.g.  1971-04-20. No comma in four-figure years, but 10,000 BC,
              etc. For periods use least number of figures, as 1904-7, 1920-1,
              1926-8; but 1890-1905, 1913-15, and always in full in display
              matter

    date-line (hyphen)

    dative    indirect object; abbr. dat.

    dat/um    thing known or granted, pl.  -a

    daube     braised meat stew

    Daudet (Alphonse)
              1840-97, French novelist; -- (L÷on), 1867-1942, French writer
              and politician

    daughter/ abbr. d. or dau.; ---in- law, pl. daughters-in-law (hyphens)

    d'Aumale (duc)


    Daumier (Honor÷)
              1808-79, French painter

    Dauntsey's School
              Devizes

    dauphin   eldest son of King of France, 1349-1830; dauphiness, his wife,
              in Fr. dauphine

    Dauphin÷  region of SE France

    Dav.      David

    Davenant (Sir William)
              1606-68, English playwright and poet, Poet Laureate 1660-8

    Davies (Sir Henry Walford)
              1869-1941, musician; -- (William Henry), 1871-1940, poet

    da Vinci (Leonardo)
              see Leonardo da Vinci

    Davis     (Jefferson), 1808-89, Pres.  Confederate States

    Davis/    apparatus, for escape from submarine; -- Cup, tennis trophy

    Davy      (Sir Humphry), not -ey, -ey, 1778-1829, English chemist,
              inventor of Davy lamp

    Davy Jones's locker
              the sea-bed

    Dawley    Shropshire

    day       abbr. d.; (typ.), of the week, and of fasts, feasts, festivals,
              holidays, to have initial caps.  Abbr., when necessary, Sun.,
              Mon., Tue., Wed., Thur., Fri., Sat. In Fr. the names do not take
              caps., as lundi

    Dayak     use Dyak

    day-bed   (hyphen)

    daybook   (one word); abbr. d.b.

    daybreak  (one word)

    day-dream (hyphen)

    Day-Lewis see Lewis

    daylight  (one word)

    day/-long, -room
              (hyphens)

    day nursery
              (two words)

    day's journey
              (Heb.), 16.95 miles

    day/time, -work
              (one word)

    Dayton    Ohio, US

    Daytona Beach
              Fla., US

 4.3 DB...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DB        Domesday Book

    dB        decibel (no point)

    d.b.      daybook, double bed, double-breasted

    DBE       Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire

    dbk.      drawback

    dbl.      double

 4.4 DC...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DC        600, deputy-consul, District of Columbia (US), (mus.) da capo
              (from the beginning)

    d.c.      direct current (elec.)

    D.Ch.     Doctor of Surgery

    DCL       Doctor of Civil Law

    DCM       Distinguished Conduct Medal

    DCMG      Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George

    DCVO      Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order

 4.5 DD...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DD        direct debit, Divinitatis Doctor (doctor of Divinity)

    D.d.      Deo dedit (gave to God)

    dd        in Welsh, a separate letter, not to be divided

    dd.       delivered

    d.d.      dono dedit (gave as a gift)

    DDA       Dangerous Drugs Act

    D-Day     6 June 1944

    DDD       dat, dicat, dedicat (gives, devotes, and dedicates); dono dedit
              dedicavit (gave and consecrated as a gift)

    DDR       (Ger.), Deutsche Demokratische Republik (German Democratic
              Republic)

    DDS       Doctor of Dental Surgery

    DDT       dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane (an insecticide)

 4.6 DE...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DE        Delaware (off. postal abbr.), Department of Employment

    de        as prefix to a proper name, in accordance with continental
              practice, should not have initial cap., as de Candolle; except
              when Anglicized, as De Vinne, or at beginning of sentence.
              Signatures to be copied

    deaconate use diac-

    dead      abbr. d.

    dead heat (noun), dead-heat (verb)

    Dead Letter Office
              now Returned ditto; dead/line, -lock (one word); -- reckoning
              (naut.), abbr. DR; -- reprint (typ.), a reprint with no
              correction; -- weight, abbr. d.w.

    dean      wooded valley, use dene

    Dean of Faculty
              (Sc.), (not of the), president of the Faculty of Advocates;
              abbr. DF

    Dear/ Madam, -- Sir
              in printed letter full left (comma, no dash)

    deasil    (Sc.), clockwise, opp. to withershins

    deathbed  (one word)

    death/ -rate, -roll, -trap, -warrant, -watch beetle
              (hyphens)

    deb       colloq. for d÷butante (no point)

    deb.      debenture

    d÷bçcle   a downfall

    debarkation
              disembarkation

    debatable not -eable

    debauchee a libertine

    debenture/
              abbr. deb.; ---holder (hyphen)

    debonair  gaily elegant, not -aire; in Fr. d÷bonnaire

    Debrett (Peerage)


    debris    ruins (no accent); in Fr. m.  d÷bris

    d÷but/, -ant
              fem. -ante (not ital.). See also deb

    Dec.      Decani, December, (archit.)  Decorated

    dec.      deceased, declaration, declared, declension, declination,
              decorative

    dec.      (mus.) decrescendo

    d÷c.      (Fr.), d÷c÷d/÷, fem. -÷e (deceased), d÷cembre (not cap.)
              (December)

    deca-     prefix meaning ten, abbr. da

    Decalogue the Ten Commandments

    Decameron (The)
              by Boccaccio, 1352

    Decan     India, use Decc-

    Decani    dean's or south side of a choir (north side in Durham
              Cathedral), abbr. Dec.; opp. to Cantoris

    decanter  bottle to hold decanted liquor

    Deccan    India, not Decan

    deceased  abbr. dec.

    d÷c÷d/÷   (Fr.), fem. -÷e, deceased; abbr. d÷c.

    December  abbr. Dec.; in Fr. m.  d÷cembre, abbr. d÷c. (not cap.)

    decenni/um
              a decade; pl. -a

    decentralize
              not -ise

    decern    (Sc. law), to judge. See also discern

    deci-     prefix meaning one-tenth, abbr. d

    decibar   one-tenth of a bar, q.v.

    decibel   unit for comparing intensity of noises, power, etc.; abbr. dB

    Decies (Baron)


    decigram  not -mme, abbr. dg (no point in scientific and technical work)

    decilitre abbr. dl (no point in scientific and technical work)

    decimal currency
              (British, as from 15 February 1971). For amounts less than a
              pound express as (new) pence: 54p (roman, no point); for amounts
              of one pound or more express as pounds and decimal fractions of
              a pound (point in medial position, omitting p); the (new)
              halfpenny should be expressed as a fraction

    decimal fractions.
              No decimal can be plural, or take verb in pl., however many
              numerals it contains; (typ.) print in numerals. The decimal
              point should be on the line, as 1.5, except in decimal currency.
              In languages other than English, a decimal comma is often used
              (1,5)

    decimalize
              not -ise. But Decimal Currency Board used -ise, -isation

    decimal point
              (two words)

    decimator one who decimates, takes every tenth part or man, not -er

    decimetre one-tenth of a metre, 3.937 in., not -er; abbr. dm (no point in
              scientific and technical work)

    decimo-octavo
              (typ.), 18mo (not ital.); see eighteenmo

    deckle edge
              ragged edge of hand-made paper, not -el

    declar/ation, -ed
              abbr. dec.

    Declaration of Independence
              US, 4 July 1776

    d÷class/÷ (Fr.), fem. -÷e, who has fallen to an inferior status

    declension
              (gram.), system of case-endings; abbr. dec.

    declinable
              not -eable

    declination
              (astr.), angular distance from the celestial equator; abbr. dec.

    decoit    use dac-

    decollate to behead; Decollation of St John the Baptist, 29 August

    d÷collet/age
              (Fr. m.), (wearing of) low neck of dress; -÷, fem. -÷e, with
              low-necked dress

    decolorize
              not -ise

    decolour  to render colourless

    d÷cor     stage or room furnishings and fittings

    decorat/e, -or


    Decoration Day
              (US), usu. last Mon.  in May

    decorative
              abbr. dec.

    decorum   propriety of conduct

    decree nisi
              (law), the first stage in the dissolution of a marriage

    decrepit  decayed, not -id

    decrescendo/
              (mus.), decreasing in loudness; abbr. dec. or decres.; as noun,
              pl. -s

    decret/um (Lat.), a decree; pl. -a; abbr. d.

    Dedlock (Sir Leicester and Lady)
              in Dickens's Bleak House

    deducible able to be inferred, not -cable

    deductible
              able to be subtracted, not -able

    deemster  a judge (Isle of Man), not dempster

    de-escalate
              (hyphen)

    def.      defective, defendant, deferred (shares), defined, definite,
              definition, defunct

    de facto  (Lat.), in actual fact

    defecat/e, -or
              not defae-

    defective abbr. def.

    defector  not -er

    defence   not -se (except US)

    defendant abbr. def.

    d÷fense/ d'afficher
              (Fr.), stick no bills; -- d'entrer, no admittance; -- de fumer,
              no smoking

    defensible
              not -ceable, -sable

    defensor fidei
              (Lat.), Defender of the Faith; abbr. DF

    defer/,-ence, -rable, -red, -rer
              -ring

    deferred  (shares), abbr. def.

    de fide   (Lat.), authentic, to be believed as part of the (Christian)
              faith

    definable not -eable

    defin/ed, -ite, -ition;
              abbr. def.

    definite article
              see the

    deflate   to remove air, to reverse economic inflation

    defle/ct  to bend downwards; -xion, correct, but -ction is increasingly
              common, and usual in US

    Defoe (Daniel)
              1661-1731, English writer, not de Foe

    defunct   abbr. def.

    deg.      degree(s)

    d÷gag/÷   (Fr. m.), fem. -÷e, unconstrained

    Degas (Hilaire Germain Edgar)
              1834-1917, French painter (no accent)

    de Gaulle (General Charles Andr÷ Joseph Marie)
              1890-1970, French President 1944-5, 1959-69

    degauss/, -ing
              anti-magnetic-mine device or method

    degradable
              not -eable

    degree    1/360th part of circle; -- of latitude, 69 statute or 60 geog.
              miles; abbr. d. or deg.

    degrees of/ inclination
              (typ.), to be in words, as "an angle of forty-five degrees",
              except in scientific and technical work; -- -- temperature, to
              be in figures

    d÷gringolade
              (Fr. f.), rapid deterioration

    de/ haut en bas
              (Fr.), contemptuously; -- haute lutte, with a high hand

    Deìaneira wife of Hercules; also an asteroid

    de-ice    (hyphen)

    Dei/ gratia
              (Lat.), by the grace of God; abbr. DG; -- judicium, the
              judgement of God (see also Deo)

    Deity (the)
              see capitalization

    d÷jå vu   (Fr.), seen before

    d÷jeuner/ (Fr. m.), breakfast or lunch; petit --, coffee and rolls on
              rising; -- å la fourchette, meat breakfast, early lunch

    de jure   (Lat.), by right

    Dekker (Thomas)
              c.1570-1640, English playwright

    Del.      Delaware (off. abbr.)

    del.      delegate, delete

    del.      delineavit (drew this)

    Delacroix (Ferdinand Victor Eugëne)
              1799-1863, French painter

    de la Mare (Walter)
              1873-1956, English poet

    de la Ram÷e (Louise)
              pseud. Ouida

    De la Roche (Mazo)
              1885-1961, Canadian novelist

    Delaroche (Paul)
              1797-1856, French painter

    Delaware  off. abbr. Del. or (postal) DE

    De La Warr (Earl)


    dele      (typ.), delete (proof-correction sign )

    deleatur  (Lat.), let it be deleted

    delegate  abbr. del.

    delenda   (Lat.), things to be deleted

    delft, delftware
              glazed earthenware made at Delft (formerly Delf) in Holland

    Delibes (L÷o)
              1836-91, French composer

    delicatesse
              delicacy (not ital.); in Fr. f. d÷licatesse

    delicatessen
              (Germanic pl. of above), prepared foods, shop or department
              selling them

    Delilah   (OT), but Dalila in Milton's Samson Agonistes

    delineable
              that can be delineated

    delineavit
              (Lat.), drew this; abbr.  del.

    delirium/ disordered state of mind, with hallucinations, pl. -s; --
              tremens, delirium with trembling induced by heavy drinking,
              abbr.  d.t., d.t.'s

    De L'Isle (Viscount)


    deliverer not -or

    Della Cruscan
              (noun and adj.), (member) of Florentine Accademia della Crusca,
              concerned with purity of Italian, sixteenth century; or of
              English poetical group in Florence, eighteenth century

    Della Robbia
              an enamelled terracotta invented by Luca della Robbia. See also
              Robbia

    Delphi    Greece, site of ancient oracle, in Gr. Delphoi

    de luxe   (Fr.), luxurious

    dem       (Ger.), to or for the (m. and neut. sing., dative)

    dem.      (typ.), demy

    demagog/ue, -y, -uery, -ic
              (of, action of) a leader of the people

    dem/ain   use -esne

    de mal en pis
              (Fr.), from bad to worse

    demarcate to mark the limits of, not -kate

    demarch   chief officer of anc. Attic deme; modern Greek mayor

    d÷marche  (Fr. f.), political procedure

    demean    to lower in dignity, to conduct (oneself)

    demeanour bearing towards another

    d÷menti   (Fr. m.), official denial

    dementia  mental enfeeblement (not ital.)

    demesne   a landed estate, not -ain

    demi/god, -john
              (one word)

    demilitarize
              not -ise

    demi/-monde
              (Fr. f.), prostitutes (ital., hyphen); ---pension, accommodation
              with one main meal per day; ---saison, spring or autumn fabric

    demise    death; to bequeath, not -ize

    demitasse small coffee-cup; in Fr.  f. demi-tasse

    demo/     colloq. for demonstration, pl. -s

    demobilize
              to discharge from the army; not -ise; colloq. demob

    Democrat/, -ic
              abbr. (US) D.

    democratize
              not -ise

    Democrit/us
              5th c. BC, Greek philosopher; adj. -ean

    d÷mod/÷   (Fr.), fem. -÷e, out of fashion

    demoiselle
              young lady (not ital.)

    Demoivre (Abraham)
              1667-1754, French mathematician (one word)

    demon     see daemon

    demon.    demonstrative

    demonetize
              to divest of value as currency, not -ise

    demon/ic, -ize
              not dae-

    demonstrable
              not -atable

    demonstrator
              not -er

    demoralize
              not -ise

    De Morgan (Augustus)
              1806-71, English mathematician; -- (William Frend), 1839-1917,
              his son, English novelist

    de mortuis nil nisi bonum
              or bene (Lat.), speak nothing but good of the dead

    demos     the people (not ital.)

    dempster  use deem-

    demurrable
              that may be demurred to

    demurrage undue detention of ship, railway wagon, etc.; compensation for
              this

    demurrer  (law), plea that opponent's facts, though true, do not support
              his case

    demy      a scholar at Magdalen Coll., Oxford; pl. demies

    demy      pron. demeye, with stress on second syllable (typ.), former size
              of paper, 17.5 x 22.5 in.; -- 4to, 11.25 x 8.75in.; -- 8vo, 8.75
              x 5 in. (untrimmed); basis for size of metric demy, 888 x 1128
              mm. See also book sizes

    D.En.     Department of Energy

    den       (Ger.), the (m. sing., accusative); to the (pl., dative)

    Den.      Denmark

    denar     use dinar

    denar/ius penny; pl. -ii, pence; abbr. d.

    denationalize
              not -ise

    dene      wooded valley, not dean

    D.Eng.    Doctor of Engineering

    dengue    not -- fever, denga, -gey

    Denholm   Borders

    Denholme  W. Yorks.

    deniable  etc., see deny

    denier    one-twelfth of French sou; unit of silk, rayon, nylon yarn
              weight

    denim     twilled cotton fabric for overalls, etc.

    Denmark   abbr. Den. See also Assemblies

    de nos jours
              (Fr.), of our time

    denouement
              an unravelling (no accent, not ital.)

    denounce  give notice to terminate (treaty)

    de nouveau
              (Fr.), afresh

    de novo   (Lat.), afresh

    dent.     dent/al, -ist, -istry

    dentelle  (Fr. f.), lace-work

    dentil    one of the toothlike blocks under the bed-moulding of a cornice,
              not -el, -ile

    den/y, -iable, -ial, -ier


    deoch an doris
              (Sc.), a parting-cup, not the many variants

    deodand   personal chattel that has caused death

    deodar    E. Indian cedar

    deodoriz/e
              not -ise; -er

    Deo/ favente
              (Lat.), with God's favour; -- gratias, thanks to God; --
              volente, God willing, abbr. DV (see also Dei)

    dep.      departs, deposed, deputy

    d÷p.      (Fr.), d÷partement (shire), d÷put÷ (deputy)

    DEP       Department of Employment and Productivity, now DE

    d÷partement
              (Fr. m.), shire; abbr.  d÷p.

    department
              abbr. dept.

    departmentalize
              not -ise

    Department of Education and Science
              abbr. DES

    Department of Employment
              abbr. DE

    Department of Energy
              abbr. D.En.

    Department of Health and Social
              Security, abbr. DHSS

    Department of Industry
              abbr. DI

    Department of the Environment
              abbr.  D.o.E.

    Department of Trade
              abbr. D.o.T.

    Department of Trade and Industry
              see now Department/ of Trade, -- Industry

    d÷pays/÷  (Fr.) fem. -÷e, out of one's usual element

    depend/ant
              (noun), -ence, -ent (adj.)

    depilatory
              removing, or remover of, hair

    de pis en pis
              (Fr.), from bad to worse

    de plano  (law), clearly

    depolarize
              not -ise

    deposed   abbr. dep.

    depositary
              a person

    depositor not -er

    depository
              a place

    depot     in Fr. m. d÷põt

    depressible
              not -able

    de profundis
              (Lat.), out of the depths

    de proprio motu
              (Lat.), of his, or her, own accord

    dept.     department

    d÷put÷    a member of the lower French Chamber

    deputize  not -ise

    deputy    abbr. dep.

    Deputy Lieutenant
              abbr. DL

    De Quincey (Thomas)
              1785-1859, English essayist

    der       (Ger.), the (m. sing.  nominative) of or to or for the (f.
              sing., genitive and dative, or m., f, and neut. pl., genitive)

    der.      deriv/ation, -ative, -ed

    Derbyshire
              abbr. Derby.

    de rëgle  (Fr.), in order

    de rigueur
              (Fr.), according to etiquette

    derisible laughable, not -able

    derisory  derisive, scoffing

    deriv/ation, -ative, -ed;
              abbr. der.

    derm      the true skin; also derm/a, -is

    dernier/  (Fr.), last; -- cri, the very latest; -- ressort, a last
              resource

    derring-do
              daring action, not doe

    Derry     postally acceptable abbr. of Londonderry (town or county)

    der Tag   (Ger.), the (great) day

    derv      fuel oil for heavy vehicles

    DES       Department of Education

    des       (Fr.), of the (pl.); as prefix to a proper name, treat as de,
              q.v.

    dës       (Fr.), since

    des       (Ger.), of the (m. and neut.  sing., genitive)

    Descartes (Ren÷)
              1596-1650, French mathematician and philosopher; adj.  Cartesian

    descend/ant
              (noun), person or thing descended; -ent (adj.), descending

    descender (typ.), lower part of letters such as g, j, p, q, y

    descendible
              that may descend or be descended, not -able

    desert    a wilderness; to abandon.  See also dessert

    desert/ed, -er
              abbr. d.

    d÷shabill÷
              (Fr. m.), undress, dishabille

    desiccate to dry, not dessicate

    desiderat/um
              something desired; pl.  -a (not ital.)

    desirable not -eable

    Des Moines
              Iowa, US

    desorb, desorption
              release from adsorbed state

    despatch  use dis-

    desperado/
              a desperate man; pl. -es (not ital.)

    despicable


    despise   not dis-, -ize

    despotize to act the despot, not -ise

    dessert   a dinner course. See also desert

    dessertspoonful/
              pl. -s, two drams (one word)

    dessicate use desiccate

    destra/   (It.), right-hand side, abbr. d.; -- mano (mus.), the right
              hand, abbr. DM

    destructible
              not -able

    destructor
              a refuse-burning furnace, not -er

    desuetude disuse

    desunt/ cetera
              (Lat.), the rest are missing; -- multa, many things are wanting

    Detaille (Jean Baptiste òdouard)
              1848-1912, French painter (no accent)

    detector  (person or thing), not -er

    de te fabula narratur
              (Lat.), of thee is the story told

    detent    a catch (mechanical)

    d÷tente   (Ft. f.), cessation of strained relations between States

    d÷tenu/   (Fr.), fem. -e, one detained in custody

    deterrent not -ant

    detonat/e, -or


    detour    a circuitous way; in Fr. m.  d÷tour

    detract/or
              fem. -ress

    detritus  debris (not ital.)

    de trop   (Fr.), not wanted; superfluous

    Deus/     (Lat.), God, abbr. D.; -- avertat! God forbid! -- det, God
              grant; -- misereatur, God be merciful

    deus ex machina
              "a god from a machine" (device in anc. Gr.  theatre), a solution
              or intervention in the nick of time

    deuterium symbol D (no point); -- oxide, heavy water

    Deuteronomy
              abbr. Deut.

    Deutsch/  (Andr÷), Ltd., publishers; -- (Otto Erich), 1883-1967 compiler
              of thematic catalogue of Schubert's works, see D.

    Deutsche Mark
              (W. Ger. curency), usu. written and spoken Deutschmark or
              D-Mark, abbr. DM (no point). See also mark

    Deutschland, Deutsches Reich
              Ger.  names for Germany

    de Valera (òamon)
              1882-1975, Prime Minister of Ireland, 1937-48, 1951-4, 1957-9,
              President, 1959-73

    Devanagari
              Ind. alphabet

    develop/, -able, -ment
              not -pe

    devest    see divest

    deviat/e, -or
              not -er

    deviling  a young devil

    devilling working as a hack

    devilry   not -try

    devil's advocate
              official at papal court who proposed objections to a
              canonization, an adverse critic

    Devil's Island
              penal settlement, Fr. Guiana

    devis/e   not -ize; -er, one who devises (non-legal)

    devis/ee  one who is bequeathed real estate; -or, one who bequeaths it

    devitalize
              to render lifeless, not -ise

    devoir    an act of civility (not ital.

    Devon     off. name of the county

    Devonshire
              abbr. Devon.

    De Vries (Hugo)
              1848-1935, Dutch botanist

    DEW       distant early warning

    Dewalee   use Diwali

    dewar     vacuum flask (not cap.)

    De Wet (Christian Rudolph)
              1854-1922, Boer general and statesman

    Dewey (George)
              1837-1917, US admiral; -- (John), 1859-1952, US philosopher; --
              (Melvil), 1851-1931, US librarian; -- (Thomas Edmund), 1902-71,
              US politician

    De Witt (Jan)
              1625-72, Dutch statesman

    dexter    (her.), the shield-bearer's right, the observer's left, opp.
              sinister

    dextrous/ not -erous; -ly

 4.7 DF...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DF        defensor fidei (Defender of the Faith), Dean of Faculty,
              direction-find/er, -ing

    DFC       Distinguished Flying Cross

    DFM       Distinguished Flying Medal

    dft.      draft

 4.8 DG...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DG        Dei gratia (by the grace of God), Deo gratias (thanks to God),
              Director-General, Dragoon Guards

    dg        decigram(s) (no point in scientific and technical work

    d.h.      (Ger.), das heisst (that is to say)

 4.9 Dhaka...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Dhaka     Bangladesh

    dhobi     Indian washerman

    dhooly    use doolie

    dhoti     nether garment of male Hindu, not -ee, -ootie

    dhow      an Arab vessel (accepted misspelling of dow), not daou, daw

    DHSS      Department of Health and Social Security

    Dhuleep   use Du-

    dhurrie   Indian cotton fabric, not durrie

 4.10 DI...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DI        Defence Intelligence, Department of Industry

    d.i.      (Ger.), das ist (that is)

    dia.      diameter

    diablerie devilry, not -ry (not ital.)

    diachylon a plaster, not -um, -culum

    diaconate office of deacon, not de-

    diaeresis (typ.), sign directing the second of two vowels to be pronounced
              separately, as in naìve; not die-

    Diaghilev (Sergei Pavlovich)
              1872-1929, Russian ballet impresario

    diagnos/is
              pl. -es

    dial/, -led, -ling


    dialect/, -al, -ic, -ical;
              abbr.  dial.

    diallage  (rhet.), figure of speech in which various arguments are brought
              to bear on one point, (mineral.) a brown, grey, or green mineral
              similar to augite

    dialling/ code, -- tone
              (two words)

    dialogue  conversation in drama, novels, etc., not necessarily between two
              persons only

    dialyse   (chem.), to separate by filtration through a membrane, not -ize,
              -yze

    dialys/is pl. -es

    diamant÷  (Fr.), sparkling with powdered crystal

    diameter  abbr. dia. or diam.

    diamond   (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 4.5 pt.

    diarchy   rule by two authorities, not dy-

    diarrhoea not -oea

    diaspora  a dispersal; (cap.) that of the Jews after the Babylonian
              captivity of 597-538 BC

    diatessaron
              a harmony of the four gospels (not cap.)

    diathes/is
              a habit of body, pl. -es

    DIC       Diploma of Membership of Imperial College, London

    dic/ey    risky, not -cy; -ier, -iest

    dichotomize
              to divide into two parts, not -ise

    Dickens House
              London, headquarters of the Dickens Fellowship (no apos.)

    dickey    use dicky

    Dicksee (Sir Frank)
              1853-1928, painter, PRA 1924-8

    dicky     rear seat (usu. folding type), false shirt-front, small bird,
              not -ey

    dict.     dictator, dictionary

    Dictaphone
              (propr. term)

    dictionnaire
              (Fr. m., two ns), dictionary

    dict/um   a saying; pl. -a

    dicy      use dicey

    didactyl  two-fingered, not -le

    didn't    to be printed close up

    Didot     (typ.), European system for type measurement; 12 pt. Didot =
              4.512 mm. See also body

    didst     (no apos.)

    die       (Ger.), the (f. sing., and m., f., and neut. pl., nominative and
              accusative)

    diecious  use dioe-

    died      abbr. d. See also dagger

    die-hard  (hyphen)

    dieresis  use diae-

    dies      (Lat.), day(s)

    diesel    compression-ignition engine

    dies/ fausti
              (Lat.), auspicious days; -- infausti, inauspicious days; --
              irae, day of wrath

    dies/is   (typ.), rare name for double dagger; pl. -es (See Figure 5 in
              topic FRONT_4)

    dies/ juridicus
              (Lat.), a day on which courts sit; -- nefasti, blank days; --
              non (law), a day on which no business is done

    die-stamping
              (typ.), intaglio (q.v.)  process leaving raised impression

    dietitian not -cian

    Dieu et mon droit
              God and my right (English royal motto)

    Die Wacht am Rhein
              (Ger.), the Watch on the Rhine, famous German patriotic song

    differ/, -ence
              abbr. diff.

    differenti/a
              a distinguishing mark; pl. -ae

    digamma   archaic Gr. letter

    digester  person or instrument, not -or

    digestible
              not -able

    digitiz/ation
              (comp.), electronic reduction of characters, by scanning, to a
              series of digital signals; -ed fount, fount so prepared stored
              electronically in photosetter (also called ECM)

    dignitary not -atory

    digraph   two letters represeing one sound, as ph in digraph. See also
              dipthongs and Hart's Rules, p. 62

    dike      not dyke

    diktat    categorical statement (not ital.)

    dil.      dilute

    dilapidat/e, -ed, -ion
              not de-

    dilatable not -eable

    dilatation
              expansion, "more correct than dilation" (OED)

    dilator   muscle or instrument that expands, incorrectly formed but more
              common than dilatator

    dilemma/  position involving choice between two unsatisfactory lines of
              argument or action; pl. -s

    dilettant/e
              (It.), a lover of or dabbler in the fine arts; pl. -es or -i

    Dilhorne (Viscount)
              fam. name Manningham-Buller

    diligence a stage-coach (not ital.)

    Dillon (Viscount)


    diluvi/um (geol.), aqueous deposit; pl. -a (not ital.)

    dim.      dimidium (one half), diminutive

    dim.      diminuendo

    dime      (US), ten cents; abbr. d.

    diminuendo
              (It. mus.), getting softer; abbr. dim.

    DIN       Deutsche Industrie-Norm; the international paper-size system
              (some trimmed sizes in mm.): A0, 841 x 1,189; A4, 210 x 297; A5,
              148 x 210; B0, 1,000 x 1,414; B1, 707 x 1,000. For some
              untrimmed sizes in this system, see book sizes

    Dinan     d÷p. Cotes-du-Nord, France

    Dinant    Belgium

    dinar     Byzantine gold coin (denarius); unit of currency in various
              Asian and African countries and Yugoslavia, not de-

    Dinard    d÷p. Cotes-du-Nord, France

    d'Indy (Paul Marie Th÷odore Vincent)
              1851-1931, French composer (small d)

    Ding an sich
              (Ger. philos. n.), thing in itself

    ding-dong (hyphen)

    dinghy    small boat, not -gey, -gy

    dingo/    Australian native dog; pl.  -es

    dingy     grimy. See also dinghy

    dining/-car, -room, -table
              (hyphens)

    dinner-jacket
              abbr. DJ

    dioces/e, -an;
              abbr. dioc.

    dioecious (bot.), not die-

    Diogenes  412-323 BC, Cynic philosopher

    Diogenes Laertius
              biographer of philosophers, about AD 200

    dionym    a binomial name, as Homo sapiens

    Dionysia  (noun pl.), orgiastic and dramatic festival(s) of Dionysus

    Dionysi/ac
              of Dionysus; -an, of Dionysus or of Dionysius

    Dionysius 430-367 BC, and his son, fl. 350 BC, tyrants of Syracuse

    Dionysus  Greek god Bacchus

    dioptre   lens measure, abbr. d.

    Dioscuri (the)
              Castor and Pollux

    Dip.      Diploma

    Dip. A.D. Diploma in Art and Design

    Dip. Ed.  Diploma in Education

    Dip. H.E. Diploma of Higher Education

    diphtheria
              not dipth-

    diphthongs
              (typ.), combined letters to represent single sounds, are
              employed in Danish, French, Icelandic, Norwegian, and
              Old-English words, and as phonetic symbols, instead of the
              separate letters ae, oe. ae and oe should be used in Latin and
              Greek words.  Generally no ligatures are used in US. See also
              German

    diplomat  not now diplomatist; abbr.  dipl.

    diplomate one holding a diploma; in Fr. diplõm/÷, fem. -÷e

    Diplomatic
              Lectureship in, not Diplomatics

    dipsomania/, -c


    Directoire
              French Directory of 1795-9; adj., of the dress or furniture of
              the period (cap.)

    directress
              female director

    directrix (geom.)

    Dirichlet series (math.)

    dirigible

    dirigisme (Fr. m.), economic control by the State

    dirndl    Alpine peasant bodice and full skirt

    dis-      see dys-

    dis.      discipline, discontinue, -ed, discount, (typ.) distribute

    dis aliter visum
              (Lat.), the gods have thought otherwise

    disappoint
              (one s, two ps)

    disassemble
              take (machine) apart.  See also dissemble

    disassociate
              use dissociate

    disburden not -then

    disbursement
              not -sment

    disc      now accepted for disk, esp. in compds., disc harrow, disc
              jockey, slipped disc; also compact (optical) disc

    disc.     discover/ed, -et; discount

    disc      jockey, abbr. DJ

    discern/  to see; -ible. See also decern

    disciplinary
              not -ery

    discipline
              abbr. dis.

    discipular
              disciple-like

    disco/    dancing-party with records, pl. -s

    discobol/us
              a discus-thrower, not -ulus; pl. -i (not cap.). The Discobolus
              (cap.), the lost statue by Myron, of which discoboli are copies

    discoloration
              not discolour-

    discolour/, -ed, -ment
              not discolor

    discomfit/, -ed, -ing
              to thwart; noun, -ure

    discomfort
              (noun) lack of ease; (verb) to make uneasy

    disconnection


    discontinu/e, -ed
              abbr. dis.

    discoth÷que
              room or small hall used for dancing to recorded music

    discount  abbr. dis.

    discover/ed, -er;
              abbr. disc.

    discreet  judicious

    discrete  separate

    disect    use dissect

    disenfranchise
              use disfranchise

    disenthral/
              not -enthrall, -inthral(l); -led, -ment

    disenthrone
              use dethrone

    diseu/r   (Fr. m.), artist entertaining with monologues, fem.  -se

    disfavour not -vor

    disfranchise
              not -ize

    disguis/e, -er


    dishabille
              untidy dress

    dishevelled
              with hair or dress in disorder, not -eled

    disinterested
              impartial (not the same as uninterested)

    disjecta membra
              (Lat.), scattered remains, but "disjecti membra poetae" (Horace)

    disk      (in comp. input) of limp plastic, storing input-material and
              driving photosetter

    dismissible
              not -able

    disorganiz/e, -er
              not -ise

    disorient/ed, -ing
              and disorientat/ed, -ing, are equally established in modern
              usage. See also orient

    dispatch/, -er
              not des-

    dispensable
              not -ible

    dispensary
              abbr. disp.

    dispise   use de-

    display/  (typ.), the setting and leading of titles, advertisements, etc.,
              direction to set in this style; -- type, of size or cut suited
              to this, or any type cast in an especially durable metal

    Disraeli (Benjamin)
              1804-81, Earl of Beaconsfield

    d'Israeli (Isaac)
              1766-1848, writer, father of the foregoing

    dissect/, -ion, -or
              not dise-

    disseis/e to dispossess wrongfully, not -ze; -ee, -in, -or, -oress

    dissemble to conceal. See also disassemble

    disseminat/e
              to scatter abroad; -or

    Dissenter from Church of England (cap.)

    dissertation
              abbr. diss.

    dissociate
              to separate, not disassociate

    dissoluble
              not -uable

    dissolvable
              not -ible

    dissyllable
              use disy-

    dissymmetry
              not disy-

    dist.     distance, distilled, distinguish, -ed, district

    distension
              state of being stretched, not -tion

    distich/  couplet; pl. -s

    distil/   but -lation; -led, abbr.  dist.

    distingu/÷
              (Fr.), fem. -÷e, distinguished-looking

    distinguish/, -ed;
              abbr. dist.

    distrait/ (Fr.), fem. -e, absent-minded

    distributary
              one of the streams of a river delta

    distribute
              (typ.), to put type back into case, or to melt down type; abbr.
              dis.

    distributor
              one who or that which distributes

    district  abbr. dist.

    District/ Attorney
              (US), abbr. DA; -- Court, -- of Columbia, abbr. DC; -- Registry,
              DR

    disyllab/le, -ic, -ize
              of two syllables, not diss-; in Fr. m.  dissyllabe

    disymmetry
              use diss-

    ditheism  belief in two gods, not dy-

    dithyramb wild hymn of Bacchic revellers, not dythi-

    ditto     abbr. do.

    div.      divide, -d, dividend, divine, division, divisor, divorce, (Fr.)
              divers (diverse)

    divers    sundry

    diverse   different

    diverticul/um
              a byway, esp. of the intestines; pl. -a

    divertiment/o
              (It.), a kind of ballet, (mus.) entertainment-piece, pl. -i;
              also (Fr.) divertissement

    divest    not de- (except in law, as devest out of)

    divid/e, -ed, -end, division
              divisor, abbr. div. Sign for ƒ

    divide et impera
              (Lat.), divide and rule

    Divina Commedia (La)
              1300-18, by Dante, not Come-

    Divis     (Ger. typ. n.), the hyphen

    divisi    (mus.), in several parts

    divisible not -able

    divisim   (Lat.), separately

    division of words.
              Usually divide a word after a vowel, taking over the consonant.
              In present participles take over -ing, as sound-ing, divid-ing;
              but trick-ling, chuck-ling, and similar words. Generally, when
              two consonants or vowels come together divide between them, as
              splen-dour, appreci-ate.  Terminations such as -cian, -sion,
              -tion should not be divided when forming one sound, as Gre-cian,
              ascen-sion, subtrac-tion.  Hyphenated words should be divided at
              the hyphen, and in lexical work etc. a second hyphen may be used
              to clarify their spelling, e.g.  second-/-hand. Avoid divisions
              which might confuse: leg-ends (le-gends), reap-pear (re-appear),
              ex-acting (exact-ing). American printers divide strictly
              according to pronunciation. For a fuller treatment and for
              word-division in foreign languages see Hart's Rules, pp. 14-16,
              97-8, etc.

    divisor   (math.), a factor

    divorc/÷  fem. -÷e, a divorced person; Eng. divorcee is common gender

    Diwali    Hindu festival, not Dewalee

    Dixie/    or -land (one word), the Southern States, US

    DIY       do it yourself

 4.11 DJ...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DJ        dinner-jacket, disc jockey

    Djakarta  Indonesia, use Jak-

    djellaba, djibbah
              use j-

    Djibouti  formerly French Territory of Afars and Issas, use Jibuti

    djinn     see jinnee

 4.12 DL...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DL        Deputy-Lieutenant

    dl        decilitre(s) (no point in scientific and technical work)

    D.Lit.    Doctor of Literature; D.Litt., Doctor of Letters. See also
              Lit.D., Litt.D.

    DLM       (mus.), double long metre

    DLO       Dead Letter Office, now Returned -- --

 4.13 DM...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DM        Deputy Master, Deutsche Mark (W.  Ger. currency), Doctor of
              Medicine (Oxford), (Fr.) Docteur en M÷decine (Doctor of
              Medicine), (It. mus.)  destra mano (the right hand)

    dm        decimetre(s) (no point in scientific and technical work)

    D-Mark    see Deutsche Mark

    D.Mus.    Doctor of Music

 4.14 DN...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DN        Dominus noster (our Lord)

    DNA       deoxyribonucleic acid

    DNB       Dictionary of National Biography

    Dnieper River
              White Russia-Ukraine; in Russ. Dnepr

    Dniester River
              Ukraine; in Russ.  Dnestr

    D-notice  official request to news editors not to publish item

 4.15 do...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    do        (noun), pl. dos

    do        (mus.), use doh

    do.       ditto, the same

    DOA       dead on arrival

    doat      use dote

    Dobermann pinscher
              German breed of hound

    doc.      document(s)

    Docent    (Ger. m.) a university teacher, now Doz-

    doch-an-doris
              use deoch an doris

    docket/, -ed, -ing


    dockyard  (one word)

    Doctor    abbr. D., (but Dr before name); Doctor of/ Canon Law or Civil
              Law, DCL; -- -- Dental Surgery, DDS; -- -- Divinity, DD; -- --
              Laws, LL D; -- -- Letters, D.Litt. or Lit(t).D.; -- --
              Literature, Lit.D.; -- -- Medicine, MD or DM; -- -- Music,
              D.Mus. or Mus.D.; -- -- Philosophy, Ph.D or D.Phil.; -- --
              Science, D.Sc. or Sc.D.; -- -- Veterinary Science or Surgery,
              DVS

    Doctors' Commons
              London, where marriage licences were formerly issued by the
              Bishop of London's Registry (apos.)

    doctrinaire
              an unpractical theorist; theoretical and unpractical (not ital.)

    documentary
              (noun), factual report or film

    documents (typ.), to be an exact reprint; abbr. doc.

    dodecaphonic
              (mus.), of the twelve-note scale

    dodgem    (car at fun-fair)

    dodo/     extinct flightless bird; pl.  -s

    D.o.E.    Department of the Environment

    doesn't   to be printed close up

    dogana    (It. f.), custom-house

    dogate    office of doge, not -eate (not ital.)

    dogcart   (one word)

    dog-days  3 July-11 August (hyphen)

    doge      chief magistrate of Venice (not ital.)

    dogfight, dogfish
              (one word)

    doggerel  unpoetic verse, not -grel

    Doggett's Coat and Badge
              trophies of Thames Watermen's championship

    doggie    noun; doggy, adj.

    doghouse  (one word)

    dog-Latin barbarous Latin (hyphen)

    dogma/    authoritative doctrine; pl.  -s

    dogmatize not -ise

    dogsbody  (naut. slang) junior officer; general drudge

    dog-star  (hyphen)

    doh       (mus.), not do

    DohnÁnyi (Ernæ)
              1877-1960, Hungarian composer

    doily     a napkin, not -ey, doyley, -ly, d'oyley, -ie

    dolce     (mus.), sweetly

    dolce/ far niente
              (It.), delightful idleness; -- vita, sweet life

    doleful   not -ll

    Dolgellau Gwynedd, not -ey

    dollar mark
              (typ.), to be before, and close up to, the figures, as $50.
              Various dollars differentiated as $A (Australian), $HK (Hong
              Kong), $US, etc.

    Dollfuss (Engelbert)
              1892-1934, Austrian politician, Chancellor 1932-4

    doll's house
              not -s'

    dolman    Turkish robe, hussar's jacket, woman's mantle

    dolmen    prehistoric tomb

    dolorous  doleful, but dolour

    DOM       Deo optimo maximo (To God the best and greatest); Dominus omnium
              magister (God the Master, or Lord, of all)

    Dom       (Ger.), cathedral; (Russ.)  house; (Port.) title of nobility;
              also title of certain monks, as Dom Gasquet; not Don

    dom.      domestic, dominion

    domaine   a vineyard

    Domenichino
              real name Domenico Zampieri, 1581-1641, Italian painter

    "Domesday Book"
              not Dooms-; abbr.  DB

    domestic  abbr. dom.

    domicile  not -cil

    Domine dirige nos
              (Lat.), O Lord, direct us (motto of the City of London)

    Dominica  one of the Windward Islands, W. Indies

    Dominican Republic
              W. Indies, formerly Santo Domingo, the eastern portion of the
              island of Hispaniola

    dominie   (old Sc.), teacher, preacher; (current locally) headmaster

    dominion  abbr. dom.

    Dominion Day
              Canada, 1 July

    domino/   cloak, mask, piece in game; pl. -es

    Dominus/  (Lat.), Lord; abbr. D.; -- noster, our Lord, DN

    Domus Procerum
              (law), the House of Lords; abbr. DP or Dom. Proc.

    Don       Spanish title; see Dom

    Donegal   Ireland

    Donegall (Marquess of)


    Donizetti (Gaetano)
              1797-1848, Italian composer

    donna     (It.), a lady (ital.)

    Donne     (John), 1573-1631, English poet

    donn÷e    (Fr. f.), basic fact

    don't     to be printed close up

    doolie    (Ind.), a litter, palanquin, not dhooley, -lie, -ly, dooly

    Doolittle (Eliza)
              heroine of Shaw's Pygmalion; -- (Hilda), 1886-1961, US poet

    "Doomsday Book"
              use Domesday

    door-keeper
              (hyphen)

    doormouse use dor-

    Doornik   Fl. for Tournai

    dop       (Afrik.), brandy, tot

    doppelgänger
              (Ger. m.), a wraith

    Doppelpunkt
              (Ger. typ. m.), the colon

    doppio (movimento)
              (It.), double (speed)

    Doppler effect
              (phys.), apparent change of frequency when source of vibrations
              is approaching or receding, from Christian Johann Doppler,
              1803-53, Austrian physicist; not æ

    Dor.      Doric

    DORA      Defence of the Realm Act, 1914

    Dor÷ (Paul Gustave)
              1833-83, French painter and engraver

    dormer window
              (two words)

    dormeuse  (Fr. f.), a settee, nightcap, travelling sleeping carriage

    dor/mouse not door-; pl. -mice

    dormy     (golf), as many up as there are holes to play, not -ie

    Dorneywood
              Bucks., country house used as off. residence by any Minister
              designated by the Prime Minister

    dorp      (Afrik.), village, country town

    d'Orsay (Alfred Guillaume Gabriel, Count)
              1801-52, "the last dandy"

    Dorset    not Dorsetshire

    dory, John Dory
              fish, not -ey

    dos-Á-dos (Fr.), back to back, a sofa made for sitting so

    dosage    (med.), not -eage

    dose      (med.), abbr. d.

    dosimeter not dosemeter

    Dos Passos (John Roderigo)
              1896-1970, US writer

    dossier   papers referring to some matter (not ital.)

    Dostoevsky (Fyodor Mikhailovich)
              1821-81, Russian novelist

    D.o.T.    Department of Trade

    dot       (Fr. f.), dowry

    dot/e     to show great fondness, not doat; -age, -ard

    Douai     d÷p. Nord, France, not -y; Douai School, but Douay Bible

    douane    custom-house; abbr. d.

    double    (typ.), a word, etc., erroneously repeated

    double-barrelled
              (hyphen), not -eled

    double-bass
              (mus.), (hyphen)

    double entendre
              word or phrase of two meanings, one of them usu.  indecent (obs.
              Fr., now Anglicized; the mod. Fr. is double entente (un mot å))

    double pica
              (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 22 pt.

    doublure  (Fr. typ. f.), ornamental inner lining to a book-cover

    doucement (Fr. mus.), sweetly

    douceur   (Fr. f.), a gratuity

    douche    jet of water directed at the body (not ital.)

    doughboy  (US), a dumpling, an American infantryman (one word)

    doughnut  (one word)

    Doukhobors
              use Duk-

    Dounreay  Highland, atomic research station

    douse     to drench with water, extinguish. See also dowse

    douzaine  (Fr. f), dozen; abbr. dzne.

    dovecot   not -cote

    dow       use dhow

    dowager   a widow with a dower or retaining her title; abbr. dow.

    dowel/    headless pin usu. of wood, to fasten with this; -led, -ling

    dower     widow's life-interest in her husband's property

    Dow-Jones NY Stock Exchange index (hyphen)

    Down      N. Ireland

    downbeat  (one word)

    Downe (Viscount)


    down/fall, -hill
              (one word)

    down-market
              (adj., hyphen)

    down/pour, -right, -stairs, -stream, -trodden, -wind
              (one word)

    dowry     money or property brought by a bride to her husband

    dowse     to use a divining rod (see also douse)

    doyen/    the senior member of a society (not ital.); fem. -ne

    d'oyl/ey, -ie
              use doily

    D'Oyly Carte (Richard)
              1844-1901, theatrical impresario

    doze      to sleep

    dozen/    -s, abbr. doz.

    Dozent    (Ger. m.), a university teacher, not now Doc- (cap.)

 4.16 DP...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DP        displaced person (refugee); (law) Domus Procerum (the House of
              Lords)

    DPAS      Discharged Prisoners' Aid Society

    DPH       Diploma in Public Health

    D.Phil.   Doctor of Philosophy (Oxford, Sussex, York); Ph.D. more usual

    DPP       Director of Public Prosecutions

 4.17 DR...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DR        (naut.) dead reckoning, dispatch rider, District/ Railway, --
              Registry, (Ger.) Deutsches Reich (German Empire)

    Dr        doctor (before name)

    dr.       drachm, -s, drachma (dram or coin), -s, dram, -s, drawer

    drachm    use dram, except for apothecaries' measure and weight; abbr. dr.

    drachma/  a dram, various coins; pl.  -s, abbr. dr.

    draft     a deduction in weighing, a mil. party, a money order, a rough
              sketch; to draw off, to sketch; abbr. dft. See also draught

    draftsman one who drafts documents.  See also draughtsman

    drag÷e    a sweetmeat enclosing drug or nut or fruit

    draggle-tail
              a slut, not daggle-

    dragoman/ Arabic interpreter; pl.  -s, not -men

    dragon-fly
              (hyphen)

    dragonnade
              French persecution of Protestants in 1681, not -onade, -oonade

    Dragoon Guards
              abbr. DG; these are not "Guardsmen"

    dram      sixty grains, one teaspoonful, sixty minims, small drink, see
              drachm; pl. -s, abbr. dr.

    dramat/ic, -ist
              abbr. dram.

    dramatis personae
              (list of) characters in a play, abbr. dram.  pers.

    dramatize not -ise

    Drang nach Osten
              (Ger.), desire for expansion eastwards

    Drapier's Letters
              by Swift, 1724

    draught   act of drawing, a take of fish, 20 lb. of eels, act of drinking,
              a dose, a vessel's depth in water, a current of air, liquor "on
              draught". See also draft

    draughtsman
              one who makes drawings, plans, etc., piece in game of draughts.
              See also draftsman

    drawback  in tech. meaning of excise duty remitted, abbr. dbk.

    drawer    abbr. dr.

    drawing-room
              (hyphen)

    draw-on   cover (bind.), limp cover glued to back of book

    Drdla (Franz)
              1868-1944, Czech composer

    dreadnought
              thick cloth, battleship, not -naught

    Dred Scott
              Negro slave (19th c.), subject of US law case

    Dreiser (Theodore)
              1871-1945, US novelist

    driblet   a trickle, not dribb-

    dri/er, -est, -ly;
              also drier, one who or that which dries; but dry/ish, -ness

    driftwood (one word)

    drip/-dry, -proof
              (hyphens)

    drivable  not -eable

    drivell/ed, -er, -ing
              (two ls)

    drive out (typ.), to set matter with wide word spacing, such setting

    drizzling (meteor.), abbr. d.

    droit     moral and legal right

    droit de seigneur
              (Fr. m.), lord's right to enjoy vassal's bride

    droite    (Fr. f.), the right hand; abbr. d.

    Drontheim use Trondheim

    dropped head
              (typ.), opening title of chapter etc. set lower than first line
              of text on other pages

    droshky   (Russ. pl. drozhki), a four-wheeled vehicle, not -sky

    drought/, -y
              arid(ity), not drouth

    DRP       Deutsches Reichspatent (German patent)

    drum/beat, -fire, -head, -stick
              (one word)

    drunkenness
              (three ns)

    Druse     one of a Syrian sect, not Druz, -e

    Dryasdust a dull pedant (character in prefaces of Scott's novels) (one
              word, cap.)

    dry/er, -est, -ly
              use dri-

    dry goods (US), textiles

    dry/ish, -ness


    dry-point etching needle, the work produced by it (hyphen)

 4.18 DS...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DS        (mus.) dal segno (from the sign) disseminated sclerosis

    Ds.       dominus; at Cambridge, a Bachelor of Arts

    DSC       Distinguished Service Cross

    D.Sc.     Doctor of Science

    DSIR      Department of Scientific and Industrial Research

    DSM       Distinguished Service Medal; (mus.) double short metre

    DSO       (Companion of the) Distinguished Service Order

    d.s.p.    decessit sine prole (died without issue)

    d.t., d.t.'s
              delirium tremens

 4.19 Du....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Du.       Dutch

    du        as prefix to a proper name, in accordance with continental
              practice, should not have initial cap., as du Chçtelet, except
              when Anglicized or at beginning of sentence. Signatures to be
              copied

    Dual Monarchy
              (caps.)

    dub.      dubitans (doubting), dubius (dubious)

    Du Barry (Marie Jeanne B÷cu comtesse)
              1746-93, favourite of Louis XV of France

    dubbin    grease for leather, not -ing

    Dublin    abbr. Dubl.

    Dubois-Raymond (Emil)
              1818-96, German physiologist, not du Bois

    duc       (Fr.), Duke; fem. duchesse (not cap.)

    duces tecum
              (Lat.), a subpoena

    du Chaillu (Paul Belloni)
              1837-1904, French-American explorer in Africa

    duckbill  (one word); duck-billed platypus (one hyphen)

    ductus    (Lat. med.), a duct; pl. same

    Dudevant  see Sand (George)

    duell/er, -ing, -ist
              (two ls)

    duenna    Spanish chaperon (not ital.)

    duffle/   coarse woollen cloth; -bag, -coat (hyphens)

    Dufy (Raoul)
              1877-1953, French painter

    dug-out   canoe made from single tree-trunk (hyphen)

    Duguesclin (Bernard)
              1314-80, Constable of France

    duiker    (Afrik.), a small antelope, not duy-

    duke      cap. as title, abbr. D.; in Fr. duc (not cap.)

    Dukhobors Russian sect, not Douk-

    Duleep Singh
              not Dhuleep, Dulip

    dullness  not dulness

    Dulong and Petit (law of)
              (physics)

    Dumas (Davy de la Pailleterie Alexandre)
              1802-70, French writer; -- (fils, Alexandre), his son, 1824-95,
              also writer; -- (Jean Baptiste Andr÷), 1800-84, chemist

    du Maurier (George Louis Palmella Busson)
              1834-96, English artist and author; -- (Sir Gerald), 1873-1934,
              his son, actor-manager; -- (Dame Daphne), 1907-89, his daughter,
              author

    Dumbarton Strathclyde

    Dumbarton Oaks
              estate in Washington, DC, at which -- -- Conference was held,
              1944

    dumb-bell (hyphen)

    dumbfound/, -ed, -er
              not dumf-

    Dumfries & Galloway
              region of Scotland

    dum sola (et casta)
              (law), while unmarried (and chaste)

    Dunbarton former Scottish county.  See also Dumbarton

    Dunblane  Central, not Dum-

    Duncan-Sandys (Baron)
              (hyphen)

    Dunelm:   sig. of Bp. of Durham (colon); of Durham University (no point,
              no colon)

    dungaree  coarse calico; pl.  overalls made of it; not -eree(s)

    duniwassal
              (Sc.), a Highland gentleman, not dunni-

    Dunkirk   d÷p. Nord, France; in Fr.  Dunkerque

    Dun Laoghaire
              port of Dublin

    Dunnottar Castle
              Grampian

    Duns Scotus (Johannes)
              1265 or 1274-1308, metaphysician

    duo/      pair of artistes; pl. -s

    duodecimo/
              or twelvemo/ (typ.), a book based on 12 leaves, 24 pages, to the
              sheet; pl. -s; abbr. 12mo

    duologue  (stage) conversation between two

    duplex/ apartment
              (US), one on two floors; -- house (US), one for two families

    duplication of points
              see punctuation XV

    Du Pont   family of American industrialists

    Duquesne/ (Abraham, marquis)
              1610-88, French admiral; -- Fort, French fort, 1754, renamed
              Fort Pitt (Pittsburg, Pa.), 1758, on its capture by the English

    dur       (Ger. mus.), major

    durab/le, -ility


    Dârer (Albrecht)
              1471-1528, German painter; Dureresque, in his style

    duress    constraint, not -e

    D'Urfey (Thomas)
              1653-1723, English playwright

    Durham    abbr. Dur.

    Dârrenmatt (Friedrich)
              b. 1921, Swiss playwright

    durrie    use dhurrie

    Dushanbe  formerly Stalinabad, cap.  of Tadjikistan, USSR

    Dussek (Jan Ladislav)
              1760-1812, Bohemian composer

    Dâsseldorf
              W. Germany

    dust-bowl area denuded of vegetation by drought (hyphen); Dust Bowl
              (caps., no hyphen), the region along the western edge of the
              Great Plains, US

    Dutch/    abbr. Du.; -- alphabet (typ.), same as English but q and x are
              used only in borrowed foreign words. Accented letters are often
              used in stressed syllables. Marked letters ê and æ, diaeresis.
              ch must never be separated; for y use ij, cap. IJ

    dutiable  subject to duty

    duumvir/  one of a pair of Roman officials; Eng. pl. -s

    dux       top pupil (not ital.)

    dux       (Lat.), a leader, pl. duces; -- gregis, leader of the flock

    duyker    use dui-

 4.20 DV...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    DV        Deo volente (God willing)

    DVS       Doctor of Veterinary Science (or Surgery)

 4.21 d.w....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    d.w.      dead weight, delivered weight

    dwarf/    pl. -s

    dwt.      pennyweight, -s, 24 troy grains, not pwt.

    d.w.t.    dead-weight tonnage

 4.22 Dy...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Dy        dysprosium (no point)

    Dyak      of Borneo, not Day-

    dyarchy   use diarchy

    Dyce Airport
              Aberdeen

    dyeing    (cloth, etc.)

    dye-line  diazo print (hyphen)

    Dyfed     Welsh county

    dying     (ceasing to live)

    dyke      use dike

    dynamics  science of matter and motion (sing.); abbr. dyn.

    dynamo/   pl. -s

    dyne      unit of force; abbr. dyn (no point)

    dyotheism use ditheism

    dys-      prefix meaning difficult or defective; distinguish it from dis-,
              meaning apart

    dysentery

    dyslex/ia word-blindness; adj. -ic

    dyspep/sia
              chronic indigestion, not dis-; adj. -tic

    dysprosium
              symbol Dy

    dytheism  use di-

    dythiramb use dithy-

 4.23 dzho...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    dzho      cow-yak hybrid, not the many variants

    dziggetai Mongolian wild ass, not the many variants

    dzne.     (Fr.), douzaine (dozen)

    D-Zug     (Ger. m.), Durchgangszug (an express train)

 5.0 E
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



 5.1 E...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    E         Egyptian, einsteinium (no point), (prefix) exa-, the fifth in a
              series. See also Lloyd's

    E.        Earl, east, -ern, English

    e         eccentricity of ellipse, (dyn.)  coefficient of elasticity,
              (elec.)  electromotive force of cell

    e         (It., Port.), and

    ÷         (Port.), is

    ë         (It.), is

    ë         (e grave accent), to be used for the last syllable of past
              tenses and participles when that otherwise mute syllable is to
              be separately pronounced, as "Hence, loathëd Melancholy!". See
              also accents

    e.        (meteor.), wet air but no rain

 5.2 each...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    each      (gram.) must be followed by verb and pronoun in sing., as "each
              dog knows its own master"; abbr.  ea.

    EAEC      European Atomic Energy Community (now Euratom)

    eagre     tidal wave, not -er

    E. & O. E.
              errors and omissions excepted

    earache   (one word)

    ear-drum  (hyphen)

    earl      (cap. as title); abbr. E.

    Earls Court
              London (no apos.)

    ear/mark, -phone
              (one word)

    ear/-piece, -plug, -ring
              (hyphens)

    earth (the)
              cap. only in astronomical contexts and in a list of planets (See
              Figure 3 in topic FRONT_4)

    earthwork (one word)

    east/, -ern
              abbr. E. See also capitalization, compass

    eastbound (one word)

    East Bridgford
              Notts.

    East End  London (caps.)

    East-Ender
              (hyphen)

    Easter Day
              first Sunday after the calendar full moon on, or next after, 21
              March

    East Kilbride
              Strathclyde, "new town", 1947

    easy chair
              (two words)

    easygoing (adj., one word)

    eau/-de-Cologne, -- de-Nil, -- de-vie
              (hyphens); -- forte, nitric acid, also an etching; ---fortiste,
              an etcher; ---sucr÷e, sugar and water (not ital.)

 5.3 EB...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    EB        Encyclopaedia Britannica

    Ebbw Vale Gwent, a town

    ebd.      (Ger.), ebenda, ibid.

    Eblis     chief of fallen angels in Muslim myth., not I-

    ebonize   not -ise

    Ebor.     Eboracum (York)

    Ebor:     sig. of Abp. of York (colon)

    EBU       European Broadcasting Union

    eburnean  like ivory, not -ian

 5.4 EC...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    EC        East-Central (postal district of London), Education(al)
              Committee, Electricity Council, Engineer Captain, Episcopal
              Church, Established Church, Executive Committee

    ÷cart÷    a game of cards

    Ecce Homo "Behold the Man"

    eccentric/, -ally, -ity.
              For math.  sense see also excentric

    Ecclefechan
              Dumfries & Galloway, birthplace of Carlyle, Dec. 1795

    Ecclesiastes
              in OT, abbr. Eccles.

    ecclesiastical
              abbr. eccles.  Eccelsiatical signs (See Figure 4 in
              topic FRONT_4)

    Ecclesiasticus
              in Apocr., abbr.  Ecclus.

    ECG       electrocardiogram

    Echegaray (Jos÷)
              1833-1916, Spanish playwright

    echelon   (not ital., no accent)

    echo/     pl. -es, not -os

    echt      (Ger.), genuine

    ÷clair    small pastry filled with cream

    ÷claircissement
              (Fr. m.), explanation

    ÷clat     renown (not ital.)

    eclectic  borrowing freely from various sources

    eclogue   a pastoral poem

    ECM       electronic character master.  See also digitized fount

    ecology   the study of organisms in their environment, not oe-; abbr.
              ecol.

    Economist (The)
              (cap. T)

    economize not -ise

    econom/y, -ical, -ics, -ist
              abbr.  econ.

    ÷cossais  (Fr.), fem. -e, Scottish (not cap.); also ÷cossaise, a dance
              (not ital.)

    ecraseur  surgical instrument (no accent)

    ÷crevisse (Fr. f.), crayfish

    ecru      unbleached linen colour (no accent, not ital.)

    ECSC      European Coal and Steel Community

    ecstasy   rapture, not ex-, -cy

    ECT       electroconvulsive therapy

    ECU       European Currency Unit

    Ecuador/  not Eq-; abbr. Ecua., adj.  -ean

    ecumenic/, -al
              belonging to the entire Christian Church, not oec- except in
              special uses

    eczema    a skin inflammation

 5.5 ed....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    ed.       edited, editor

    ed. cit.  the edition cited

    EDD       English Dialect Dictionary

    Edda/     a collection of Icelandic legends; pl. -s; The Elder --, a
              collection of poems, eleventh century and earlier; The Younger
              --, thirteenth-century stories, prosody, and commentary

    Eddy (Mary Morse Baker)
              1821-1910, founder of Christian Science

    Eddystone Lighthouse


    edelweiss Alpine plant

    edema/, -tous
              use oed-

    Edgbaston Birmingham, not Edge-

    edge-tool not edged --, but "with edged tools" (fig. sense)

    edgeways  not -way, -wise

    Edgeworth (Maria)
              1767-1849, English novelist; -- (Richard Lovell), 1744-1817, her
              father, English educationist

    Edgware   London; -- Road

    edh       use eth

    edidit    (Lat.), edited this

    edile     use aedile

    Edinburgh abbr. Edin.

    Edipus    use Oe-

    Edirne    formerly Adrianople, Turkey

    Edison (Thomas Alva)
              1847-1931, US inventor

    ÷dit/÷    fem. -÷e, par (Fr.), published by

    ÷diteur   (Fr. m.), a publisher, not editor

    edition   the state of a book (also the copies, or any one copy, so
              printed) at its first publication, and after each revision,
              enlargement, abridgement, or change of format (2nd, 3rd,
              etc./revised/enlarged/abridged/ paperback, etc., edition); not
              any reprint containing no substantial alteration (see
              impression); abbrev. edn.; in trade practice 1/e, 2/e, etc. =
              1st, 2nd, etc., edn. See also reprint

    ÷dition de luxe
              (Fr.), a sumptuous edition (ital.)

    editio/ princeps
              a first printed edition; pl. -nes principes

    editor    abbr. ed., pl. eds. or edd.

    edn.      edition

    EDP       electronic data processing

    EDS       English Dialect Society

    educ/ate, -able


    educationist
              not -alist

    educ/e, -ible


    Eduskunta Parliament of Finland

 5.6 EE...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    EE        Early English

    ee        (Sc.), eye; pl. een

    E.E. & M.P.
              Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary

    EEC       European Economic Community (the Common Market)

    EEG       Electroencephalogram

    eerie     weird, not -y; eerily

    EETS      Early English Text Society

 5.7 effect...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    effect/er one who effects; -or (biol.), an organ that effects a response
              to a stimulus

    Effendi   Turkish title of respect, not -dee

    effluvi/um
              vapour from decaying matter; pl. -a

    effluxion that which flows out, not -ction

    EFTA      European Free Trade Association

 5.8 e.g....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    e.g.      exempli gratia (for example) (l.c., not ital., comma before).
              Use "for example" rather than e.g.

    egg/head, -shell
              (one word)

    ego/      the self which is conscious and thinks; pl. -s

    egotize   to act egotistically, not -ise

    egret     the lesser white heron (see also aigrette)

    Egypt/, -ian.
              See also United Arab Republic

    egyptian  (typ.), a typeface with thick stems and slab serifs

    Egyptolog/ist, -y
              abbr. Egyptol.  (cap.)

 5.9 eh...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    eh        when exclamation, to be followed by exclamation mark; when
              question, by question mark

    Ehrenburg (Ilya Grigorevich)
              1891-1967, Russian writer

 5.10 ei...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    -ei-      not -ie-, in: beige, ceiling, conceit, conceive, counterfeit,
              cuneiform, deceit, deceive, forfeit, geisha, heifer, heinous,
              inveigh, inveigle, kaleidoscope, leisure, meiosis, neigh/,
              -bour, -bourhood, neither, nonpareil, obeisance, perceive,
              plebeian, receipt, receive, Seidlitz, seigneur, seigniorage,
              seise, seize, seizure, sleight, surfeit, their, weir, weird. See
              also -ie-

    eidol/on  a phantom; pl. -a

    Eifel Mountains
              W. Germany

    Eiffel/ (Alexandre Gustave)
              1832-1923, French engineer; -- Tower, Paris

    eigen/frequency, -function, -value
              (math. and phys., one word)

    eighteenmo/
              (typ.), a book based on 18 leaves, 36 pages, to the sheet; also
              called octodecimo, decimo-octavo; pl. -s; abbr. 18mo

    Eighteenth Amendment
              to the Constitution of the US, 1920, introducing prohibition of
              intoxicating liquor; repealed by Twenty-first Amendment, 1933

    eigret/, -te
              use aigrette. See also egret

    eikon     use icon

    Eikon Basilike
              pamphlet reputedly by Charles I, more probably by John Gauden,
              1605-52, bishop and writer; another, written by Titus Oates,
              ded. to William III and attacking James II

    Einstein (Albert)
              1879-1955, German physicist (naturalized American 1940); --
              (Alfred), 1880-1952, German musicologist

    einsteinium
              symbol E

    Eire      in Gaelic means "Ireland"; former off. name of the Republic of
              Ireland (or "the Irish Republic"), i.e. the 26 counties,
              formerly Irish Free State

    eirenicon a peace proposal, not ir-

    Eisenhower (Dwight David)
              1890-1969, President of US, 1953-61 American general, Supreme
              Commander of Allied Expeditionary Force in Second World War

    Eisenstein (Sergei Mikhailovich)
              1898-1948, Russian film-director

    eisteddfod/
              a congress of Welsh bards; pl. -s

    either    (gram.), correlative or, not nor; for number of following verb,
              see neither

 5.11 ejector...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    ejector   one who, that which, ejects, not -er

    ejusdem/  (Lat.), of the same, abbr.  ejusd.; -- generis, of the same kind

 5.12 El...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    El        (Heb.), God

    el        (Sp. m.), the

    ÷l        (Sp.), he

    Elagabalus
              204-22, emperor of Rome 218-22, not Elio-, Helio-

    El Al     Israel Airlines, Ltd.

    El Alamein
              Egypt; battle, 1942

    ÷lan      dash, spirit; -- vital, life-force (ital.)

    Elbrus    (Mount), Caucasus, not -ruz, -urz

    Elburz    mts., Iran, not -bruz

    elchee    Anglicized version of elchi, Turkish ambassador

    Elder Brethren
              of Trinity House (caps.)

    El Dorado the golden land (two words, not ital.)

    eldorado/ place of great abundance, pl. -s

    elec.     electricity, electrical, electuary

    elector   not -er; (hist.) German prince electing emperor (cap. as title)

    Electra complex
              exaggerated attachment of daughter to father, the fem. analogue
              of Oedipus complex

    electress not -toress

    electro/  (no point), abbr. of electrotype; pl. -s

    electrocute
              to put to death by electricity, not -icute

    electroencephalogram
              (one word), abbr. EEC

    electrolyse
              to break up by electric means, not -yze

    electrolyte
              solution able to conduct electric current

    electromagnet/ic, -ism
              (pertaining to) electricity and magnetism (one word)

    electrometer
              electricity measurer (one word)

    electromotive
              producing electricity (one word)

    electromotor
              an electric motor (one word)

    electron-volt
              unit of energy (hyphen); abbr. eV (one cap.)

    electroplate
              coat with metal by electrolysis, objects thus made (one word)

    electrostatic
              of electricity at rest (one word)

    electrotype
              duplicate printing plate made by copper electrolysis (one word);
              abbr. electro

    electuary a sweetened medicine; abbr. elec.

    eleemosynary
              charitable

    eleg/y    funeral song, pensive poem; adj. -iac; -ist, writer of elegy,
              not -iast; -ize, write elegy, not -ise. See also elogy, eulogy

    elementary
              abbr. elem.

    elements  (chemical), no point after symbols. See also under each name

    elench/us (logic), a refutation; pl.  -i; adj. elenctic, not -chtic

    elephant  name for a former size of paper, 20 x 27 in.

    Elephantine
              Egypt, famed for archaeological yields

    elevator  not -er

    Elgin Marbles
              transported to British Museum from Athens, 1805-12, by Earl of
              Elgin

    El Giza   Egypt, site of the pyramids, use Giza

    Elia      pseud. of Charles Lamb

    Elias     Gr. form of Elijah used in NT (AV)

    Elien:    sig. of Bp. of Ely (colon)

    eligible  not -able

    Eliogabalus
              use Ela-

    Eliot     fam. name of Earl of St Germans; - (George), 1819-90, pseud. of
              Mary Ann, or Marian, Evans, English novelist; -- (Thomas
              Stearns), 1888-1965, US (naturalized British) poet

    òlisabethville
              Zaire, now Lubumbashi

    elision   (typ.), suppression of letters or syllables in such contractions
              as e'en, there'll, I'd, you've, it's (it is, has), William's
              (William is, has). In Eng. and Ger. set close up. In Fr.  put a
              space after an apostrophe following a word of two or more
              syllables (e.g. bonn' petite but j'ai). In It. set close up
              where the apostrophe follows a consonant (e.g. dall'aver but a'
              miei). In Gr., Lat., Sp. to be spaced. See also ellipsis

    ÷lite     the chosen ones; size of letters on some typewriters (not ital.)

    elixir    alchemist's preparation to change metals into gold or to prolong
              life indefinitely

    Elizabeth abbr. Eliz.

    Ellice Islands
              W. Pacific, now Tuvalu

    Elliot    in fam. name of Earl of Minto; family in Jane Austen's
              Persuasion

    Elliott (Ebenezer)
              1781-1849, English poet

    ellips/is the omission of words; pl. -es; (typ.) three points (not
              asterisks) separated by normal space of line are sufficient.
              When three points are used at the end of an incomplete sentence
              a fourth point should not be added; normal space before the
              first point. Where the sentence is complete, the closing point
              is set close up, followed by the three points for omission. See
              Hart's Rules for rules in foreign languages. See also elision

    Ellis Island
              New York harbour

    ÷loge     (Fr. m.), an oration of praise; Anglicized as eloge (no accent)

    elogy; elogi/um
              pl. -a; eloge (see above); (funeral) oration of praise. See also
              elegy, eulogy

    Elohim    (Heb.), the Deity

    eloin     (law), to abscond, not -gn

    Elois/a, -e
              see H÷loìse

    E. long.  east longitude

    El Paso   Texas, US, not -ss-

    El Salvador
              republic of Cent.  America, cap. San Salvador

    Elsass-Lothringen
              use Alsace-Lorraine

    Elsevier  see Elzevier

    Elsinore  Eng. for Dan. Helsingor

    elucidator
              one who makes clear, not -er

    elusive   difficult to grasp, mentally or physically. See illusive

    elver     a young eel

    Elyot (Sir Thomas)
              ?1499-1546, English writer

    Elys÷e    palace, Paris

    Elysium   (Gr. myth.), abode of dead heroes (cap., not ital.)

    elytr/on  hard wing-case of beetle; pl. -a (not ital.)

    Elzevier  Dutch family of booksellers and printers, in business
              ?1583-1712, not Elzevir, although the form is found in some
              bibliographical sources. The name of the modern publisher is
              Elsevier

 5.13 EM...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    EM        Earl Marshal, Edward Medal, Equitum Magister (Master of the
              Horse)

    Em.       Emmanuel, Emily, Emma

    em        (typ.), the square of the body of any size of type; also the
              standard unit of typographic measurement, equal to 12 pt., 4.2
              mm., the "pica" em

    'em       them

    EMA       European Monetary Agreement

    Emanuel School
              Wandsworth

    embalmment
              preservation of dead body by aromatic drugs (three ms);
              embalming is the more usual noun

    embargo/  temporary ban on trade; pl. -es

    embarkation
              not -cation

    embarras/ (Fr. m.); -- de richesse(s), a superfluity of good things; -- du
              choix, difficulty of choosing, not de

    embarrass/, -ment


    embassy   not am-

    embathe   not im-

    embed/, -ded, -ding
              not im-

    embezzlement
              fraudulent appropriation of money, not -lment

    emblaz/e, -onry
              not im-

    embod/y, -ied, -ier, -iment
              not im-

    embolden  not im-

    embonpoint
              plumpness (not ital.)

    embosom   to receive into one's affections, not im-

    emboss    to raise in relief, not im-

    embouchement
              a river-mouth (not ital.)

    embouchure
              (mus.), mouthpiece, shaping of the mouth

    embower   to shelter with trees, not im-

    embrangle to entangle, confuse, not im-

    embrasure door or window recess, widening inwards, not -zure

    embroglio use im-

    embroil   to confuse, involve in hostility, not im-

    embrue    use im-

    embryo/   pl. -s

    embryology
              abbr. embryol.

    embue     use im-

    em dash   (typ.), a long dash (--); see punctuation XII

    emend     to alter or remove errors in a text etc. See also amend

    emerald   (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 6.5 pt.

    emerit/us honourably retired; pl -i; fem. -a

    emerods   use haemorrhoids

    Emerson (Ralph Waldo)
              1803-82, US poet, essayist, and philosopher

    emeu      (bird), use emu

    ÷meute    (Fr. f.), insurrection

    e.m.f.    electromotive force

    EMI       Electrical and Musical Industries (Ltd.)

    ÷migr/÷   (Fr.), fem. -÷e, an emigrant, esp. political exile

    ÷minence grise
              (Fr. f.), power behind the throne

    Emir      in Turk. and Indian titles.  See also Amir

    Emmanuel/ College
              Cambridge; -- (I -III), Kings of Italy, properly Emanuele

    Emmental  Swiss cheese, not -thal

    emmesh    use enm-

    Emmet (Robert)
              1778-1803, Irish patriot

    Emp.      Emperor, Empress

    empaestic connected with embossing, not -estic

    empanel/  to enrol, not im-; -led, -ling

    empassion use im-

    Emperor   abbr. Emp.

    emphas/is pl. -es

    emphasize not -ise

    emplane   not en-

    employ/÷  (Fr.), fem. -÷e; pl. -÷s, fem. -÷es (not ital.), use employee/s
              (m. and f., no accent)

    empolder  use im-

    empori/um centre of commerce, large shop; pl. -a

    emprise   (arch.), chivalrous enterprise, not -ize

    emptor    a purchaser

    empyema   pus in a cavity, esp. of a lung

    empyre/an the highest heaven; adj.  -al

    empyreum/a
              the "burnt" smell of organic matter; not -ruma; pl. -ata

    em rule   (typ.), a long dash (--); see punctuation XII

    EMS       European Monetary System

    emu       Australian running bird, not emeu

    e.m.u.    electromagnetic unit(s)

    emulator  rival, not -er

 5.14 en...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    en        (typ.), half the width of an em

    enactor   not -er

    enamel/led, -ler, -ling


    enamorato use in-

    enamoured inspired with love

    en/ arriëre
              (Fr.), behind; -- attendant, meanwhile; -- avant, forward; --
              bloc, in the mass; -- brosse, bristly-cut

    enc.      enclos/ed, -ure

    encaenia  Commemoration at Oxford, not -cenia (not ital.)

    encage, encapsulate, encase
              not in-

    enceinte  pregnant, a fortified enclosure

    enchase   to put in a setting, engrave, not in-

    enchiridi/on
              handbook or manual; pl. -a (not ital.)

    en clair  (Fr.), in ordinary language (not in cipher)

    enclave   territory surrounded by foreign dominions

    enclos/e, -ure
              not in- (but Inclosure Acts)

    encomium/ a eulogy; pl. -s (not ital.)

    encore    again (not ital.)

    encroach  to intrude usurpingly, not in-

    encrust   not in-; but incrustation

    encumber  to hamper, burden, not in-

    encyclopaed/ia, -ic, -ical, -ism, -ist, -ize
              but use -ped- in quoting titles where that spelling was
              preferred; abbr. ency.

    Encyclopaedia Britannica
              abbr. EB, Ency. Brit.

    Encyclop÷die
              the French encyclopaedia ed. by Diderot, 1751-72;
              encyclop÷diste, a writer for it (not cap.)

    en dash   (typ.), a short dash as in "1914-18", "the Fischer-Spassky
              match"; contrast hyphen. See also punctuation XII

    endemic   regularly found in a specified place, opp. to epidemic

    endemn/ify, -ity
              use in-

    endent/, -ure
              use in-

    en/ dernier ressort
              (Fr.), as a last resource; -- deshabille, in undress

    end leaves
              see endpapers

    endors/e  to write on the back of, not in-; -able, not -eable, -ible

    endpapers (bind.), the sheets at the beginning and end of a book, half of
              each pasted to inside of cover, half forming flyleaf

    endue     to clothe, not in-

    endur/e, -able, -ed, -er, -ing
              not in-

    endways   not -wise

    Endymion  Greek legend, and Keats's poem; also Disraeli's last novel

    ENEA      European Nuclear Energy Agency

    enema/    (syringe for making) injection into rectum; pl. -s (not ital.)

    energize  not -ise

    en/ face  (Fr.), facing; -- famille, with one's family

    enfant/ gçt÷
              (Fr. m.), spoilt child; -- prodigue (l'), the prodigal son; --
              terrible, indiscreet person

    enfeoff   (hist.), to transfer land to possession of a subordinate tenant.
              See also fee, feoff/ee, -ment

    en féte   (Fr.), in festivity

    enfin     (Fr.), finally (one word)

    enfold    not in-

    enforce/, -able
              not in-

    enfranchis/e, -able, -ement, -ing
              not -ize

    Eng.      England, English

    eng.      engineer, -ing, engrav/ed, -er, -ing

    Engadine  Switzerland; in Ger.  Engadin

    engag/÷   (Fr.), fem. -÷e, morally committed

    en garúon (Fr.), as a bachelor

    Engels (Friedrich)
              1820-95, German socialist, associate of Karl Marx

    engineer/, -ing
              abbr. eng.

    engine-room
              (hyphen)

    Engl/and, -glish
              abbr. Eng.

    English   (typ.), name for former size of type, about 14 pt.

    engraft   not in-

    engrain   to dye in the raw state, not in-. See also ingrain

    en grande/ tenue
              or -- -- toilette (Fr.), in full dress; en grand seigneur,
              magnificently

    engross   to buy wholesale, copy in a large hand, absorb attention of, not
              in-

    engulf    not in-, -gulph

    enigma/   riddle; pl. -s

    enjambment
              in verse, the continuation of sense beyond the end of a line; in
              Fr. m.  enjambement

    en masse  (Fr.), in a body

    enmesh    to entangle, not emm-, imm-

    Enniskillen
              Co. Fermanagh; -- (Earl of), but Inniskilling Dragoons and
              Fusiliers

    ennui     boredom (not ital.)

    ennuy/÷   fem. -÷e, bored (not ital.)

    ENO       English National Opera

    enoculate use in-

    enology   use oen-

    en/ pantoufles
              (Fr.), relaxed; -- passant, by the way, in passing (also of a
              pawn capture in chess); -- pension, as a boarder

    enplane   use em-

    en/ poste (Fr.), in official position; -- prince, in princely style; --
              prise (chess), in a position to be taken

    enquire   to ask. See also inquire

    enquiry   a question, the general word, "inquiry" being reserved for an
              official investigation

    en/ rapport
              (Fr.), in sympathy; -- regle, as it should be, in order; --
              revanche, in revenge

    enrol/, -ment
              not enroll-; but -led, -ler, -ling

    en route  (Fr.), on the way

    en rule   (typ.), see en dash, punctuation XII

    ens       an entity; Lat. pl. entia

    En Saga   (Swed.), A Saga (title of tone-poem by Sibelius, 1892)

    Enschede  Netherlands, but Ensched÷ en Zonen, printing house at Haarlem

    ensconce  to protect with an earthwork, establish snugly, not ins-, es-

    en secondes noces
              (Fr.), by second marriage

    ensemble  general effect, group of players (not ital.)

    ensheath  not -the

    ensilage  storage of green fodder in pits or silos

    ensnare/, -ment
              not in-

    en somme  (Fr.), in short

    ensuing   not -eing

    en suite  (Fr.), to match, forming a unit

    ensuite   (Fr.), after, following (one word)

    ensure    to make safe. See also assurance, insurance

    enswathe  to wrap, not in-

    ENT       ear, nose, and throat

    entailed estate
              one settled on a series of heirs, not in-

    entente/  meaning; -- cordiale, cordial understanding, (caps.) that
              between Britain and France, 1904 onwards; entente (un mot å
              double), a word or phrase with two meanings, pl. mots å double
              entente. See double entendre

    enterprise
              not -ize

    enthral/, -led, -ler, -ling, -ment


    enthron/e, -ization
              not in-

    entitle   not in-. See also intitule

    entomology
              the study of insects; abbr. entom.

    entourage surroundings, attendants (not ital.)

    en-tout-cas
              (Fr.), umbrella-cum-parasol; En-Tout-Cas (caps.) propr. term for
              type of hard tennis-court

    entozo/on internal parasite; pl. -a (not ital.)

    entr'acte/
              (performance in) the interval between two acts; pl. -s

    en train  (Fr.), in progress

    entrain   to board a train, to put aboard a train

    entrain   (Fr. m.), heartiness

    entrammel/
              to entangle; -led, -ling

    entrap/, -ped, -ping
              not in-

    entreat   to beseech, not in-

    entrechat a jump in which a dancer strikes the heels together several
              times (not ital.)

    entrecõte (cook.), the "undercut"

    entr÷e    a dish served between courses, right of admission (not ital.)

    entremets side dishes (not ital.)

    entrench  not in-

    entre nous
              (Fr.), confidentially

    entrepõt  a market (not ital.)

    entrepreneur/
              person in control of business enterprise, a contractor (not
              ital.); adj. -ial

    entresol  a storey between ground floor and first floor (not ital.)

    entrust   not in-

    Ent. Sta. Hall
              Entered at Stationers' Hall

    en/twine, -twist
              not in-

    enunciat/e, -or


    enure     use inure

    envelop/  (verb), -ed, -ment

    envelope  (noun)

    Env. Extr.
              Envoy Extraordinary

    enweave   use in-

    enwrap/, -ped, -ping
              not in-

    enwreath  not in-

    enzootic  endemic in animals

    enzyme    (chem.), protein with catalytic properties

 5.15 EO...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    EO        Education Officer

    Eocene    (geol.) (cap., not ital.)

    e.o.d.    every other day

    EOL       (comp.), end of line

    eon       use aeon

    Eothen    ("from the east"), by Kinglake, 1844

 5.16 EP...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    EP        electroplate

    Ep.       Epistle

    e.p.      (chess), en passant

    epact     age of the moon on 1 Jan.

    ÷pat/ant  (Fr.), shocking; -er les bourgeois, to shake up the hidebound

    epaulette shoulder-piece, not -et

    EPDA      Emergency Powers Defence Act

    ÷p÷e      sword used in fencing

    epergne   table ornament to hold flowers or fruit (not ital., no accent)

    òpernay   French white wine

    Eph.      Ephesians, Ephraim

    ephah     Hebrew measure, not epha

    ephedrine an alkaloid used as cardiac depressive or for asthma, not -in

    ephemer/a same as -on; pl. -as (not ital.)

    ephemer/is
              an astronomical almanac; pl. -ides

    ephemer/on
              insect that lives for a day, pl. -ons (not ital.); (bibliog.)
              printed item intended for transient use (e.g. theatre programme,
              bottle label), pl. -a

    Ephesians abbr. Eph.

    ephod     Jewish priestly vestment

    ephor/    Spartan magistrate, pl. -s

    ephphatha (Aram.), "Be opened"

    epicedi/um
              funeral ode; pl. -a

    epicene   sexless (contemptuous), (gram.) referring to either sex

    epicentre point over centre of earthquake

    Epicoene  by Ben Jonson, 1609

    epicure/  one who indulges in a refined way in the pleasures of the table;
              adj. -an

    Epicurean a philosopher who identifies pleasure with virtue, following the
              Greek Epicurus, 342-270 BC

    epideictic
              adapted for display, not -ktic

    epidemic  (disease) breaking out locally and lasting only for a time

    epidermis the outer skin or cuticle

    epilogue  concluding part of a lit.  work

    epiornis  use aepy-

    epiphany  the manifestation of a god; (cap.) 6 Jan., the manifestation of
              Christ to the "wise men"

    epiphyte  a plant that lives on the surface of another

    Epirot    inhabitant of Epirus, not -te

    episcopal belonging to bishops; abbr. episc.; (cap.) title of Anglican
              Churches in Scotland and US

    "Epithalamion"
              by Spenser, 1595

    epithalami/um
              a nuptial song; pl.  -a

    epitheli/um
              surface tissue; pl. -a

    epitomize to shorten, summarize, not -ise

    epizo/on  (zool.), an animal that lives on the surface of another; pl. -a;
              -otic, epidemic in animals

    e pluribus unum
              (Lat.), many made one (motto of US)

    EPNS      electroplated nickel silver

    eppur si muove
              (It.), and yet it does move (ascribed to Galileo, after his
              recantation)

    ÷preuve   (Fr. typ. f.), a proof

    ÷pris/    (Fr.), fem. -e, enamoured

    Epstein (Sir Jacob)
              1880-1959, English sculptor

    epuis/÷   (Fr.), fem. -÷e, exhausted; out of print

    epyornis  use ae-

 5.17 eq....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    eq.       equal

    equable   uniform, not easily disturbed. See also equatable

    Equador   use Ecu-

    equal/    to (no longer with) -led, -ling

    equaliz/e, -ation
              not -ise

    equal mark
              (typ.), = (a space before and after)

    equanimity
              evenness of mind or temper

    equatable able to be regarded as equal. See also equable

    Equator/, -ial
              abbr. Eq.

    equerry   off. attendant on royal personage, not -ery

    equestri/an
              horseman; fem. -enne

    equilibri/um
              balance, pl. -a

    equinoctial
              not -xial

    equinox/  period of year when night and day are equal; pl. -es

    equivalent
              abbr. equiv.

    equivocator
              user of misleading words, not -er

    equivoque a quibble (not ital.)

 5.18 ER...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    ER        Eastern Region, Edwardus Rex (King Edward), Elizabetha Regina
              (Queen Elizabeth)

    Er        erbium (no point)

    eraser    one who, or that which, rubs out, not -or

    Erasmus (Desiderius)
              1466-1536, Dutch scholar

    Erato     (Gr.), the lyric muse

    erbium    symbol Er

    Erckmann-Chatrian
              joint pseud. of two French writers collaborating from 1848 to
              1870

    Erdgeist  (Ger. myth.), an earth-spirit

    Erechtheum
              temple at Athens

    erector   one who, or that which, erects, not -er

    erethism  (path.), excitement, not ery-

    Erevan    Armenia, use Yerevan

    Erewhon   by Butler, 1872

    erf       (Afrik.), plot of ground; pl.  erven

    erg       unit of work

    ergo      therefore

    Erie      one of the Great Lakes (US and Canada)

    Erin go bragh
              (Ir.), Erin for ever

    Eriny/s   (Gr. myth.), ally of the three Furies, Eumenides, or avenging
              deities; pl. -es

    Eris      Greek goddess of discord

    erl-king  in Germanic myth.; in Ger.  Erlkænig (rom. quoted as title of
              poem by Goethe and of songs by Loewe, Schubert, and others)

    Ernie     device for selecting weekly and monthly winners in Premium
              Savings Bonds (Electronic Random Number Indicator Equipment)

    "Eroica" Symphony
              by Beethoven, 1804

    Eros      Greek god of love

    erpetolog/y, -ist
              use h-

    errat/um  error in writing or printing; pl. -a (not ital.)

    erroneous wrong, not -ious

    ersatz    (Ger.), substitute

    Erse      the Highland or Irish Gaelic language

    erstens   (Ger.), in the first place; erstgeboren, first-born

    erven     see erf

    erysipelas
              a skin disease, St Anthony's fire, not -us

    erythism  use ere-

    Erzerum   Turkish Armenia, not -oum, -om

 5.19 ES...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    ES        (paper), engine-sized

    ESA       European Space Agency

    escalade  to mount and enter by a ladder

    escalat/e, -ion
              to rise, rising, steadily and inevitably, like an escalator

    escallop  shellfish, use scallop

    escalope  collop, slice of meat

    escargot  edible snail

    escarp/, -ment
              a steep slope, not -pe

    Escaut    Fr. for Schelde

    eschalot  use shallot

    eschatology
              (theol.) doctrine of last things

    escheator official who watches over forfeited property, not -er

    eschscholtzia
              a yellow-flowered plant

    esconce   use ens-

    Escorial  Spain, not Escu-

    escritoire
              not -oir (not ital.)

    Esculap/ius, -ian
              use Ae-

    escutcheon
              heraldic shield, plate for keyhole, etc., not scut-

    Esdras    in the Apocrypha, First, Second, Book of, abbr. 1, 2 Esd.

    Eskimo/   not Esquimau; pl. -s

    ESN       educationally subnormal

    esophag/us, -eal
              use oes-

    esp.      especially

    ESP       extra-sensory perception

    espagnol/ fem. -e (Fr.), Spanish

    espagnolette
              fastening for french window

    espalier  a lattice-work, a trained fruit-tree (not ital.)

    especially
              abbr. esp.

    Esperanto an artificial universal language, invented by L. L.  Zamenhof,
              1887

    espiëglerie
              roguishness (not ital.)

    espionage spying (not ital.)

    espressivo
              (mus.), with expression, not ex-

    espresso  apparatus for making coffee under pressure, the coffee produced,
              not exp- (not ital.)

    esprit/   (Fr. m.), genius, wit; -- de corps, members' respect for a
              society; -- de l'escalier, inspiration too late; -- fort, a
              strong-minded person, pl. esprits forts (ital.)

    Esquimalt Vancouver Island, Canada, not -ault

    Esquimau  use Eskimo

    Esquire   abbr. Esq.; J. Smith, jun., Esq., not Esq., jun.

    ess       name of the letter s; pl. esses

    ess.      essences

    essays    (typ.), cited titles to be roman quoted; caps. as in title

    Essouan   use Aswan

    established
              abbr. est.

    Established Church
              (caps.); abbr. EC

    Establishment (the)
              (the values held by) the established sector of society (cap.)

    estamin   a woollen fabric, not ÷t-

    estaminet (Fr. m.), a caf÷

    estanci/a (Sp.-Amer.), cattle farm; -ero, its keeper

    Estate/s of the Realm
              the Parliament of Scotland before union with England in 1707; -s
              (the Three), Lords Spiritual (bishops), Lords Temporal, Commons;
              -- (the Third), French bourgeoisie before the Revolution; --
              (the Fourth), the Press

    Esther    (OT), not to be abbr., but Rest of Esth. (Apocr.)

    esthet/e, -ic
              use aes-

    estimator not -er

    estiv/al, -ation
              use aes-

    Estonia   not Esth-, a Soviet Socialist Republic. See also USSR

    estoppel  (law), a conclusive admission, not -ple, -pal

    estr/ogen, -us
              use oe-

    ESU       English-Speaking Union

    e.s.u.    electrostatic unit(s)

 5.20 ET...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    ET        English translation

    ETA       estimated time of arrival

    et alibi  (Lat.), and elsewhere; abbr. et al.

    et alii   (Lat.), and others; abbr. et al., not et als.

    etalon    (phys.), interference-device (no accent, not ital.)

    ÷tamin    use estamin

    ÷tat-major
              (Fr. m.), a staff of military officers

    et cetera (not ital.), abbr. etc.; comma before "etc." if more than one
              term precedes; comma after "etc." if it would be needed after an
              equivalent phrase such as "and the like".

    etceteras extras, sundries (one word)

    Eternal City (the)
              Rome

    eth       Old-English and Icelandic letter (distinguish from thorn and
              wyn, qq.v.), also used in phonetic script; not edh

    ether     medium filling all space, not ae-

    ethereal/, -ity, -ly
              not -ial

    Etherege (Sir George)
              ?1635-91, English playwright

    ethics    the science of morals

    Ethiopia  modern name of Abyssinia

    ethn/ic   concerning races; -ology, -ological, abbr. ethnol.

    et hoc genus omne
              (Lat.), and all this kind of thing

    ethology  the study of character formation or animal behaviour

    etiology  use ae-

    etiquette conventions of courtesy (not ital.)

    Etna      Sicily, not Ae-

    ÷trier    (Fr. m.), short rope-ladder

    et sequen/s
              and the following, abbr. et seq.  or et sq.; pl. -tes, n. -tia,
              abbr. et sqq.

    ÷tude/    a study; ÷tude de concert (mus.), concert study (ital.)

    ÷tui      case for small articles, not etwee (not ital.)

    etymolog/y
              the study of derivations; -ical, -ically, -ist, -ize; abbr.
              etym.

    etym/on   a root-word, pl. -a

 5.21 Eu...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Eu        europium (no point)

    eucalypt/us
              (bot.), pl. -uses

    euchre    a card-game, not eucher, eucre

    Euclid/   c.300 BC, Athenian geometer, his treatise (cap.); adj.  -ean
              (cap.)

    eudemon   a good angel

    Euer      (Ger. m.), your; abbr. Ew.

    Eugëne    French Christian name (ë); -- (Prince, of Savoy), 1663-1736,
              Austrian general

    Eug÷nie (Empress)
              1826-1920, wife of Napoleon III (÷)

    eulogium/ eulogy; pl. -s

    eulogize  not -ise

    eulogy    (a not an), spoken or written praise. See also elegy, elogy

    Eumenides (Gr. myth.), the avenging Furies: Alecto, Tisiphone, and
              Megaera; (ital.) play by Aeschylus

    euonymus  (a not an), plant of genus Euonymus, e.g. spindle-tree

    euphem/ism
              (a not an), a mild term for something unpleasant; -istic(al);
              abbr. euphem.

    euphemize not -ise

    euphonize not -ise

    euphony   (a not an), agreeable sound

    euphorbia (bot.), spurge

    euphor/ia a feeling of well-being; -ic

    Euphues   a prose romance in affected style, 1579, by John Lyly; hence
              euphuism

    Euratom   European Atomic Energy Community

    Eure-et-Loir
              Fr. d÷p.; not Loire; not to be confused with Fr. d÷p.  Eure

    eureka    I have found (it)!, not heu- (not ital.). See also heuristic

    eurhythmic
              not eury-

    Europe    abbr. Eur.

    European  (a not an); abbr. Eur.

    Europeanize
              not -ise (cap.)

    europium  symbol Eu

    Euterpe   (Gr.), muse of music

    euthanasia
              peaceful death, mercy killing

 5.22 eV...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    eV        electron-volt

    evangelize
              to inform about the Gospel, not -ise

    evaporimeter
              instrument to measure evaporation, not -ometer

    evening   abbr. evng.

    even pages
              (typ.), the left-hand, or verso, pages

    even s. caps.
              (typ.), word(s) set entirely in small capitals

    ever      joined to interrogatives used universally (whatever is, is
              right) but not to those used emphatically (what ever do you
              mean?)

    everglades
              (US), tracts of low swampy ground; (cap.) a large area like this
              in Florida

    evermore  (one word)

    every     must be followed by verb and pronoun in sing., as "every bird
              tries to protect its young"

    every/body, -day
              (adj.), Everyman, -one (but -- one when each word to retain its
              meaning; cf. Hart's Rules, p. 77), -thing, -way (adverb), -where
              (one word)

 5.23 Ew....
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Ew.       (Ger.), Euer etc. (your)

    ewe       female sheep (a, not an)

    ewer      jug (a, not an)

    Ewigkeit  (Ger. f.), eternity

 5.24 ex...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    ex        (Lat.), out of, excluding (not ital.)

    ex.       example, executed, executive

    exa-      prefix meaning 10Ì18 times, abbr. E

    exactor   one who exacts, not -er

    exaggeration


    exalter   one who exalts, not -or

    examination/
              colloq. exam; -- paper, the questions; -- script, the answers

    examplar  use exemplar

    example   abbr. ex., pl. exx.; in Fr.  m. exemple

    exanimate lifeless, depressed

    ex animo  (Lat.), from the mind, earnestly

    exasperate
              to irritate, not -irate

    Exc.      Excellency

    exc.      excellent, except, -ed, -ion

    exc.      excudit (engraved this)

    Excalibur King Arthur's sword, not -bar, -boor (not ital.). See also
              Caliburn

    ex cathedra
              (Lat.), from the Pope's, professor's, chair, with authority

    excavator not -er

    excellence/
              superiority; pl. -s, not -cies

    Excellenc/y
              pl. -ies (persons), abbr. Exc.

    excellent abbr. exc.

    excentric used in math. sense instead of eccentric to avoid sense of "odd"

    except/, -ed, -ion
              abbr. exc.

    exceptionable
              open to criticism

    exceptional
              out of the ordinary

    exceptis excipiendis
              (Lat.), with the necessary exceptions

    excerpt   an extract

    exch.     exchange, exchequer

    exchange  abbr. exch.; Stock -- (caps.), abbr. St. Ex.

    exchangeable
              not -gable

    exchequer abbr. exch.

    excisable liable to excise duty, removable by excision, not -eable

    excise    (verb), not -ize

    excit/able
              not -eable; -ability, not -ibility

    exciter   one who, or that which, excites, (elec.) auxiliary machine
              supplying current for another, not -or

    excitor   (anat.), a nerve stimulating part of the body, not -er

    exclamat/ion, -ory
              abbr. excl., or exclam.

    exclamation mark
              (!), see punctuation VII

    excreta   pl., excreted matter (not ital.)

    excudit   (Lat.), engraved this; abbr.  exc.

    ex curia  (Lat.), out of court, not -ç

    excursus/ a digression; pl. -es (not ital.)

    excusable not -eable

    ex-directory
              (hyphen)

    ex dividend
              without next dividend; abbr. ex div. or x.d.

    exeat/    "let him depart", a formal leave of temporary absence; pl. -s
              (not ital.) See also exit, exit

    execut/ed, -ive
              abbr. ex.

    execut/or one who carries out a plan, etc.; (law) person appointed to
              execute will, not -er, abbr.  exor.; fem. -rix, abbr. exrx., pl.
              -rices

    exege/sis explanation; pl. -ses (not ital.); adj. -tic

    exemplaire
              (Fr. m.), a specimen, a copy; in Ger. n. Exemplar

    exemplar  pattern, not exa-

    exemple   (Fr. m.), example

    exempli gratia
              (Lat.), for example; abbr. e.g. (l.c., not ital., comma before)

    exequatur/
              an off. recognition by a foreign government of a consul or other
              agent; pl. -s (not ital.)

    exequies  (pl.), funeral ceremony (not ital.)

    exercise  not -ize

    Exeter    in Lat. Exonia, abbr. Exon.  See also Exon:

    exeunt/   see exit; -- omnes (Lat.  stage direction), they all leave

    ex gratia (Lat.), voluntary

    exhibitor not -er

    exhilarat/e
              to enliven; -ing, -ion

    ex hypothesi
              (Lat.), by hypothesis

    exigency  urgency

    exigent   urgent

    exiguous  small, scanty

    ex interest
              without next interest; abbr. ex int. or x.i.

    existence not -ance

    existentialism
              the philosophy that the individual is a free and responsible
              agent determining his own development

    exit/     a way out; pl. -s

    exit      (Lat. stage direction), he or she goes out; pl. exeunt, they go
              out (ital.). See also exeat

    ex lege   (Lat.), arising from law

    ex-libris (sing. and pl.), "from the library of", a book-plate (not
              ital.); abbr. ex lib.

    ex new    without the right to new shares; abbr. ex n. or x.n.

    ex nihilo nihil fit
              (Lat.), out of nothing, nothing comes

    exodi/um  conclusion of a drama, a farce following it; pl. -a; Anglicized
              as exode. See also exordium

    exodus    a departure, esp. of a body of people; (cap., OT), departure of
              Israelites from Egypt, biblical book, abbr. Exod.

    ex officiis
              (Lat.), by virtue of official positions

    ex officio
              (Lat.), by virtue of one's official position

    exon      officer of the Yeomen of the Guard

    Exon:     sig. of Bp. of Exeter (colon)

    exor.     executor

    exorcize  to expel an evil spirit from, not -ise

    exordium/ introductory part of a discourse; pl. -s. See also exodium

    exotic type
              non-roman faces, e.g.  Arabic, Hebrew

    exp.      export, -ation, -ed, express

    expanded type
              (typ.), a type with unusually wide face

    ex parte  (Lat.), one-sided(ly)

    ex pede Herculem
              (Lat.), judge from the sample

    expendable
              able to be sacrificed for some end

    expense   not -ce

    experimenter
              not -or

    expertise expert knowledge

    expertize give expert opinion

    experto crede
              (Lat.), believe one who has tried it

    expi/ate, -able


    explanation
              abbr. expl.

    explicit  (Lat.) (here) ends; as noun, the conclusion (of a book)

    export/, -ation, -ed
              abbr. exp.

    expos÷    explanation, exposure (not ital.)

    expositor one who expounds, not -er

    ex post facto
              (Lat.), after the fact

    expostulator
              one who remonstrates, not -er

    Ex-President
              (caps.)

    express   abbr. exp.

    expressible
              not -able

    expressivo
              (mus.), with expresion, use es-

    expresso  use es-

    expressway
              (one word)

    exrx.     executrix

    ext.      extension, exterior, external, -ly, extinct, extra, extract

    extasy, extatic
              use ecs-

    extempore (adj. and adv.), unprepared, without preparation (not ital.)

    extemporize
              not -ise

    extender  not -or

    extendible
              not -able, but in gen.  use next

    extensible
              not -able

    extension abbr. ext.

    extensor  a muscle, not -er

    extent    (typ.), the amount of printed space, expressed in ens (see en)
              or pages, filled by a given batch of copy

    exterior  abbr. ext.

    external/, -ly
              abbr. ext.

    externalize
              not -ise

    externe   non-resident hospital physician, day-pupil

    exterritorial
              use extra-

    extinct   abbr. ext.

    extirpator
              one who destroys completely, not -er

    extol/, -led, -ler, -ling


    extra     extract, abbr. ext.

    extractable
              not -ible

    extractor not -er

    extracts  see authorities, quotations

    extra/-marital
              outside marriage, -mural, outside the scope of ordinary teaching
              (one word); but Extra-Mural Studies (of universities)

    extraneous
              brought in from outside, not -ious

    extra-sensory perception
              abbr. ESP

    extraterritorial
              not under local jurisdiction, not exterr-

    extravaganza
              a fantastic composition (not ital.)

    extrovert not extra-

    ex ungue leonem
              (Lat.), judge from the sample

    exuviae   cast coverings of animals

    ex voto/  an offering made in pursuance of a vow; pl. -s

    exx.      examples

    Exzellenz (Ger. f.), Excellency; abbrev. Exz., not Exc-

 5.25 Eyck...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Eyck      see Van Eyck

    eye/ball, -bath, -bright, -brow, -ful, -glass
              (one word)

    eyeing    not eying

    eye/lash, -lid
              (one word)

    eye-muscles
              (hyphen)

    eye/piece (optics), -sight, -sore, -wash, -witness (one word)

    eyot      islet, use ait

    Eyre & Spottiswoode
              (Publishers), Ltd.

    eyrie     not aerie

    eyrir     coin of Iceland, one-hundredth of krona; pl. aurar

 5.26 Ezekiel...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Ezekiel   abbr. Ezek.

    Ezra      not to be abbr.

 6.0 F
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



 6.1 F...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    F         Fahrenheit, fail, farad, fluorine, (photog.) focal length,
              (math.) function, (pencils) fine, (on timepiece regulator) fast,
              the sixth in a series

    F.        fair, Fellow, felon, formul/a, -ae, Friday, all proper names
              with this initial except those beginning ff

    f         femto-, (math.) function

    f.        farthing, fathom, female, feminine, filly, (photog.) focal
              length, (meteor.) fog, following, franc, free, from, furlong

    f         (mus.), forte (loud)

    f.        (Lat.), fortasse (perhaps) (Ger.)  fâr (for)

 6.2 FA...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    FA        Football Association; F÷d÷ration A÷ronautique

    Fa.       Florida, use Fla.

    fa        (mus.), use fah

    Faber & Faber, Ltd.
              publishers

    fabliau/  a metrical tale; pl. -x

    fac.      facsimile

    faúade    front face of a building (not ital.)

    face      (typ.), the printing surface of type; the design of a particular
              fount

    facet/    one side of a cut gem; -ed, -ing, not -tt-

    facetiae  humorous anecdotes (not ital.)

    facia     tablet over shop, with occupier's name; dashboard of a motor
              car. See also fascia

    facies    (nat. hist.), general aspect

    facile princeps
              (Lat.), easily best (ital.)

    facilis descensus Averni
              (not Averno) (Lat.), easy is the descent to Avernus

    faúon de parler
              (Fr.), mere form of words

    facsimile/
              exact copy (one word, not ital.;) pl. -s; abbr. fac.

    facta, non verba
              (Lat.), deeds, not words

    factious  characterized by faction(s)

    factitious
              not natural

    factorize not -ise

    factotum/ servant who attends to everything; pl. -s (not ital.)

    factum est
              (Lat.), it is done

    facul/a   bright solar spot; pl. -ae; not fae-

    fado/     Portuguese folk-song; pl. -s

    faec/es   pl., excrement; adj. -al

    faerie    (arch. and poet.), Fairyland, not -y

    Faerie Queene (The)
              by Spenser, 1590-6

    Faeroe Isles
              Danish, in N.  Atlantic, use The Faeroes; adj.  Faeroese

    fag-end   (hyphen)

    faggot    bundle of sticks, seasoned meatball, derog. name for woman

    fah       (mus.), not fa

    Fahrenheit
              temperature scale; abbr.  F

    FAIA      Fellow of the Association of International Accountants

    faience   glazed pottery, not faì-, fay-

    fain÷ant  idle, idler (not ital.)

    faint ruled
              (paper), use feint

    fair      abbr. F.

    fair and square
              (no hyphens except when attrib.)

    fair copy transcript free from corrections; abbr. f. co.

    Fair Isle Shetland, and knitting-design

    fair play (two words)

    fairway   not fare- (one word)

    fairyland (one word)

    fairy-tale
              (hyphen)

    fait accompli (un)
              (Fr. m.), an accomplished fact

    faith-heal/er, -ing
              (hyphen)

    Faizabad  Uttar Pradesh (India), use Fyz-

    fakir     Muslim or Hindu religious mendicant, not the many variants

    Falang/e, -ist
              (member of) political party in Spain or Syria

    faldstool not fold- (one word)

    Falernian wine of ancient Campania

    Falkland/ Islands
              S. Atlantic; -- (Viscount)

    Falk Laws 1874-5, German anti-Catholic laws introduced by politician
              Adalbert Falk

    Falla     (Manuel de), 1876-1946, Spanish composer

    fal-lal   piece of finery, not fallol; collect. noun fallallery

    fallible  liable to err, not -able

    Fallodon (Edward, Viscount Grey of)
              1862-1933, English statesman, not -en

    fall-out  (noun), from nuclear explosion (hyphen)

    falsa lectio
              (Lat.), a false reading; abbr. f.l.

    falucca   use felucca

    falutin   see high-falutin

    FAM       Free and Accepted Masons

    fam.      familiar, family

    familiarize
              not -ise

    family    abbr. fam. See also botany, zoology

    fan/ belt, club, dance
              (two words)

    fandango/ (Sp.), a dance or its music; pl. -es (not ital.)

    Faneuil Hall
              historic building, Boston, Mass., US

    fanfaronade
              arrogant talk, not -nnade, -farronade

    fanlight  (one word)

    fantas/ia (mus.), a free composition (not ital.); pl. -ias

    fantasize not -ise

    fantasmagoria
              use phantas-

    fantast   a dreamer, not ph-

    fantasy   not ph-

    Fanti     tribe in Ghana, not -te, -tee

    Fantin-Latour (Henri)
              1836-1904, French painter

    fantoccini
              (It.), marionettes

    fantom    use ph-

    FAO       Food and Agriculture Organization (of UN)

    FAP       First Aid Post

    faqu/eer, -ir
              use fakir

    far.      farriery, farthing

    farad/    (elec.), unit of capacitance; abbr. F (no point); -ic current
              (med.), not -aic

    Faraday (Michael)
              1791-1867, English chemist

    fareway   use fair-

    farewell  (one word)

    far/-fetched, -flung
              (hyphens)

    farinaceous
              starchy, not -ious

    Faringdon Oxon., not Farr-

    farm-hand (hyphen)

    farm/house, stead, yard
              (one word)

    Farne Islands
              N. Sea, not Farn, Fearne, Ferne

    far niente
              (It.), doing nothing. See also dolce -- --

    Faroe     use Faeroe

    farouche  sullen from shyness (not ital.)

    Farquhar (George)
              1678-1707, Irish dramatist

    farrago/  a hotchpotch, not fara-; pl. -s

    Farrar (Frederick William, Dean)
              1831-1903, English divine and writer

    farriery  horse-shoeing; abbr. far.

    Farringdon Within, Without
              wards of the City of London

    Farsi     language of Iran

    farth/er, -est
              use further/er, -est

    farthing  abbr. f. or far.

    FAS       Fellow of the Anthropological Society; ditto Antiquarian Society

    fasces    (pl.), a bundle of rods, the symbol of power

    fasci/a   (archit.), long flat surface under eaves or cornice; pl. -ae.
              See also facia

    fascicle, fascicule


    fascicul/us
              (pl. -i), a bundle, bunch; one part of a book published in
              instalments

    Fasc/ism, -ist
              (noun and adj.); -istic (adj.)

    Fastens/-een, -eve, -even
              (Sc.), Shrove Tuesday, not Feastings-

    fata Morgana
              mirage seen in Str. of Messina (ital.)

    Fates (the Three)
              Atropos, Clotho, and Lachesis

    fat face type
              display type (q.v.)  with thick stems and fine hair-lines

    Father    (relig.), abbr. Fr.; (the), as Deity (cap.)

    father-in-law
              pl. fathers-in-law (hyphens)

    father of the chapel
              see chapel

    fathom    abbr. f. or fm.

    fatstock  (one word)

    faubourg  (Fr. m.), a suburb, cap. F when with name (not ital.)

    Faulkland in The Rivals, by Sheridan

    Faulkner (William)
              1897-1962, US novelist

    faultfind/er, -ing
              (one word)

    faun/     Latin rural deity; pl. -s

    fauna/    (collect.sing.), the animals of a region or epoch; pl. -s not
              ital.)

    Faure (Franúois F÷lix)
              1841-99, French statesman

    Faur÷ (Gabriel)
              1845-1924, French composer

    faute de mieux
              (Fr.), for want of better

    fauteuil/ (Fr.), armchair, membership of French Academy; pl.  -s

    Fauves (Les)
              group of painters led by Matisse; fauvism, style of painting
              associated with them (not cap.)

    faux pas  (Fr. m.), a blunder (two words, pl. same)

    favour/, -able, -ite, -itism


    Fawkes (Guy)
              1570-1606, conspirator

    fawn      young deer, its colour; as verb, to grovel

    fayence   use faience

    FBA       Fellow of the British Academy, not FRBA

    FBAA      Fellow of the British Association of Accountants and Auditors
              FBCS, Fellow ofthe British Computer Society

    FBI       (US) Federal Bureau of Investigation

    FBIM      Fellow of the British Institute of Management

    FBOA      Fellow of the British Optical Association

    FC        Football Club, Free Church (of Scotland)

    FCA       Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and
              Wales (or Ireland) (off.)

    FCGI      Fellow of the City and Guilds of London Institute

    FCIA      Fellow of the Corporation of Insurance Agents

    FCIB      Fellow of the Corporation of Insurance Brokers

    FCII      Fellow of the Chartered Insurance Institute

    FCMA      Fellow of the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants

    FCO       Foreign and Commonwealth Office

    f. co.    fair copy

    FCP       Fellow of the College of Preceptors

    fcp.      foolscap

    FCS       Fellow of the Chemical Society, now FRSC

    FCSA      Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and
              Administrators

    FCSP      Fellow of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy

    FCST      Fellow of the College of Speech Therapists

    FD        fidei dlfensor (Defender of the Faith)

    Fe        ferrum (iron) (no point)

    Fearne Islands
              use Farne

    feasible  practicable, not -able

    Feastings-
              see Fastens-

    featherfew
              use fever-

    featherweight paper
              light but bulky book paper

    February  abbr. Feb.

    fecal, feces
              use fae-

    fecerunt  (Lat. pl.), made this; abbr. ff

    fecial    use fetial

    fecit     (Lat.), made this; abbr. fec.

    fedayeen  Arab guerrillas (pl.)

    Federal Assemblies
              see Assemblies

    Federalist
              abbr. Fed.

    federalize
              not -ise

    fee/      (law), an inherited estate of land; -- simple, estate unlimited
              as to class of heir (two words); ---tail, estate so limited
              (hyphen). See also fief

    feedback  return of part of output to input (one word)

    feedstock (one word)

    feeoff    use fief

    feeoffee  use feoffee

    feet      see foot

    feff/     use fief; -ment, use feoffment

    Fehmgericht
              (Ger.), use Femgericht, qv.

    Feilding  fam. name of Earl of Denbigh. See also Fie-

    feint     (noun) sham attack, (verb) to pretend

    feint ruled
              (paper), not faint

    feld/spar a rock-forming mineral; adj. -spathic; not felspar

    F÷libre   member of F÷librige, school of Provenúal writers

    Felixstowe
              Suffolk

    fellah/   Egyptian peasant; pl. -in, not -s, -een.

    fellmonger
              hide-dealer

    felloe    wheel rim, not felly

    Fellow    abbr. F; in Lat., socius; or, in the Royal Society, sodalis

    fellow/ citizen, - men
              (two words)

    fellow/-feeling, -traveller
              (hyphens)

    felly     use felloe

    felo de se
              (Anglo-Lat.), suicide; pl. felos de se

    felon     one who commits a grave crime; abbr. F.

    felspar   use feldspar

    felucca   small Mediterranean vessel, not fal-, fil-

    fem.      feminine

    female    (bot., zool., sociol.), abbr.  f.

    feme/     (law), wife, not femme; -- covert, married woman, -- sole, woman
              without husband (two words).  See also femme

    Femgericht/
              (Ger.), pl. -e, medieval German tribunal, Anglicized as
              Vehmgericht, q.v.

    feminine  abbr. f. or fem.

    feminize  to make feminine, not -ise

    femme/ de chambre
              (Fr. f.), chambermaid, lady's maid, pl.  femmes -- --; --
              fatale, a dangerously attractive woman; -- galante, a
              prostitute; -- incomprise, an unappreciated woman; -- savante, a
              learned woman. See also feme

    femto-    prefix meaning "10 to the power of -15", abbr. f

    fem/ur    thigh bone, pl. -ora (not ital.); -oral

    fencible  able to be fenced; (hist., noun) soldier liable only for home
              service; not -able

    F÷nelon (Franúois de Salignac de La Mothe)
              1651-1715, French ecclesiastic and writer, not F÷n÷-

    fenestr/a (anat.), a small hole in a bone; pl. -ae (not ital.)

    fenugreek leguminous plant, not foenu-

    feoff     use fief

    feoff/ee  (hist.), one enfeoffed, not feeo-; -ment, act of enfeoffing.
              See also enfeoff, fee, fief

    ferae naturae
              (law), adj., wild (of animals), literally "of a wild nature"

    Ferd.     Ferdinand

    Ferdausi  Persian poet, use Fir-

    fer de lance
              venomous snake (trop.  S. Amer.)

    Ferghana  cent. Asia, not -gana

    Feringhee in the Orient, a European, esp. a Portuguese; not the many
              variants

    Fermanagh County
              N. Ireland, abbr.  Ferm.

    fermium   symbol Fm

    Ferne Islands
              use Farne

    Ferrara   Italy; -- (Andrea), 16th c., Italian swordsmith

    Ferrari (Paolo)
              1822-89, Italian dramatist

    Ferrero (Guglielmo)
              1871-1942, Italian historian

    ferret/, -ed, -er, -ing


    ferrule   metal cap on end of stick (two rs), not ferrel. ferule

    ferrum    iron, symbol Fe

    ferryman  (one word)

    fertilize not -ise

    ferule    a cane or rod for punishment (one r). See also ferrule

    fess      (her.), not fesse

    festa     (It.), a festival

    Festschrift/
              (Ger. f.), writings presented to scholar; pl. -en

    fét/e     entertainment, -ed (not ital.); féte-champétre outdoor
              entertainment; Féte-Dieu, feast of Corpus Christi, pl. Fetes---
              (ital., hyphen)

    fetial    ambassadorial, not fec-

    fetid     ill-smelling, not foe-

    fetish/   inanimate object worshipped by savages, (psych.) abnormal cause
              of sexual desire, not -ich, -iche; -eer, -ism,-ist (not ital.)

    fetor     bad smell, not foe-

    fetus     use foe-

    feu/      (Sc.), ground-rent, pl. -s

    feu/      (Fr.), late, deceased; fem. -e

    Feuchtwanger (Lion)
              1884-1958, German novelist

    feud.     feudal

    feudalize to make feudal, not -ise

    feu/ d'artifice
              (Fr. m.), firework, pl. feux --; -- de joie, a salute, pl. feux
              -- --

    feu-duty  (hyphen)

    feuille   (Fr. typ. f.), a sheet

    Feuillet (Octave)
              1821-90, French novelist and playwright

    feuillet/ (Fr. typ. m.), a leaf; -- blanc, blank leaf

    feuilletage
              (Fr. cook. m.), puff-pastry

    feuilleton
              (Fr. m.), light literature; in Fr. part of newspaper etc.
              devoted to this

    Feulhs    use Fulahs

    feverfew  (bot.), Chrysanthemum parthenium, not feather-, fetter-, -foe

    f÷vrier   (Fr. m.), February, abbr.  f÷v. (not cap.)

    fez/      a cap; pl. -zes (not ital.); adj. -zed

    FF        Felicissimi Fratres (Most Fortunate Brothers)

    ff        (typ.), as initials for proper name, not Ff; in Welsh, a
              separate letter, not to be divided

    ff.       folios, following (pl., preferred to et seqq.)

    ff        (mus.), fortissimo (very loud)

    ff        fecerunt, q.v.

    FFA       Fellow of the Faculty of Actuaries (Scotland)

    FFAS      Fellow of the Faculty of Architects and Surveyors

    fff       (mus.), fortississimo (as loud as possible)

    F.F.Hom.  Fellow of the Faculty of Homoeopathy

    FFPS      Fellow of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons

    FFR       Fellow of the Faculty of Radiologists

    FGS       Fellow of the Geological Society

    FH        fire hydrant

    FHA       Fellow of the Institute of Health Service Administrators

    FHS       Fellow of the Heraldry Society

    FIA       Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries

    F.I.A.A. & S.
              Fellow Architect Member of the Incorporated Association of
              Architects and Surveyors

    FIAC      Fellow of the Institute of Company Accountants

    fiacre    a four-wheeled cab

    FIAI      Fellow of the Institute of Industrial and Commercial Accountants

    fianc/÷   fem. -÷e, one betrothed (not ital.)

    fianchetto/
              (chess), placing bishop on long diagonal (pl. -es; not ital.)

    fianna    the militia of Finn and other legendary Irish kings; Fianna/,
              pl., the Fenians; -- Eireann, the Fenians of Ireland; -- FÁil,
              the Irish Republican party

    F.I.Arb.  Fellow of the Institute of Arbitrators

    FIAS      Fellow Surveyor Member of the Incorporated Association of
              Architects and Surveyors

    fiasco/   a failure; pl. -s

    fiat      formal authorization (not ital.)

    Fiat      Fabbrica Italiana Automobile Torino (It. motor car, company, and
              factory)

    fiat/ justitia
              (Lat.),let justice be done; -- lux, let there be light

    FIB       Fellow of the Institute of Bankers

    F.I.Biol. Fellow of the Institute of Biology

    fibrin    blood protein appearing as network of fibres, not -ine

    fibul/a   leg-bone, brooch; pl. -ae

    FICE      Fellow of the Institute of Civil Engineers

    fiche     microfiche; pl. same

    fichu     woman's neckerchief (not ital.)

    FICS      Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers; ditto
              International College of Surgeons

    fic/tion, -titious
              abbr. fict.

    fictionalize
              not -ise

    FID       Fellow of the Institute of Directors

    fidalgo   (Port.), a noble

    fiddle-de-dee
              nonsense (hyphens)

    Fidei Defensor
              (Lat.), Defender of the Faith; abbr. FD or Fid. Def.

    fides Punica
              (Lat.), Punic faith, bad faith

    fidget/, -ed, -ily, -ing, -y
              (one t only)

    FIDO      Fog Investigation Dispersal Operation

    fidus Achates
              (Lat.), a trusty friend

    FIEE      Fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers

    fief      (hist.), land held by tenant of a superior, not feoff. See also
              enfeoff, fee, feoff/ee, -ment

    field-glasses
              (hyphen)

    Fielding (Henry)
              1707-54, English novelist. See also Fei-

    Field Marshal
              (two words, caps. as title); abbr. FM

    Field Officer
              (two words, caps. as title); abbr. FO

    fieri facias
              (Lat.), "see that it is done", a writ; abbr. fi. fa.

    fiesta    festivity, holiday

    FIFST     Fellow of the Institute of Food Science and Technology

    fift/y, -ieth
              symbol L

    fig.      figure, figurative, -ly, figure

    figurant/ (Fr. m.), a member of the ballet chorus, pl. -s; fem. -e, pl.
              -es. Also (It. m. or f.) -e, pl. -i

    figure-head
              (hyphen)

    figures   term used by some printers for arabic numerals; BS 2961
              recommends the term numerals (q.v.)  for both arabic and roman.
              See also authorities, decimal currency, lakh

    FIHE      Fellow of the Institute of Health Education

    F.I.Inst. Fellow of the Imperial Institute

    FIJ       use FJI

    Fiji/     W. Pacific, indep. 1970; adj.  -an only of Polynesians,
              otherwise Fiji

    filagree  use filigree

    Fildes (Sir Luke)
              1844-1927, English painter

    filemot   a yellowish-brown, "dead leaf" colour, not filamort, filmot,
              phil-

    filet     (cook.), fillet

    filfot    use fy-

    filibeg   (Sc.), kilt, not the many variants

    filibuster
              one who obstructs public business by a long speech, the speech,
              not fill-

    filigree/ ornamental metallic lace-work, adj. -d, not fila-, file; --
              letter (typ.), an initial with filigree background

    filing cabinet
              (two words)

    Filipin/as
              Sp. for Philippine Islands; -o(s), native(s) of the islands

    fille de/ chambre
              (Fr. f.), chamber-maid, lady's maid, pl. filles -- --; -- joie,
              a prostitute

    fillet/   in Fr. m. filet; -ed, -ing

    fillibeg  use fili-

    filling-station
              (hyphen)

    fillip/   a stimulus; -ed, -ing

    fillipeen use philippina

    fillister a kind of plane-tool (two ls)

    filmot    use filemot

    filmsetting
              (typ.), composition and correction on photographic film instead
              of in metal

    filoselle floss silk (not ital.)

    fils      (Fr. m.), son, as Dumas fils (not ital.)

    filter/   device for separating solid matter from liquid; -bed, -paper
              (hyphens). See also philtre

    filucca   use felucca

    F.I.Mech.E.
              Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers

    Fin.      Finland, Finnish

    finable   liable to a fine

    finale    conclusion (not ital.)

    finalize  not -ise

    fin de siëcle
              (Fr. f.), end of the (nineteenth) century, decadent

    fine      (mus.), end of the piece

    Fine Gael Irish political party

    fine-paper edition
              abbr. FP

    finesse   subtlety (not ital.)

    fine-tooth comb
              (one hyphen)

    finger-mark
              (hyphen)

    finger/print, -tip
              (one word)

    finick/ing, -y
              fastidious

    finis     the end (not ital.)

    Finistere d÷p. France

    Finisterre/
              weather-forecast sea area; -- (Cape), Spain

    finnan haddock
              smoked haddock (two words), not the many variants

    Finnegans Wake
              novel by James Joyce, 1939 (no apos.)

    Finnish/  abbr. Fin.; -- language (typ.), is set in ordinary roman
              characters

    Finno-Karelia
              a former Soviet Socialist Republic. See USSR

    Fin. Sec. Financial Secretary

    F.Inst.P. Fellow of the Institute of Physics

    FIOB      Fellow of the Institute of Building

    FIOP      Fellow of the Institute of Printing

    fiord     (Norw.), arm of the sea, not now fjord (not ital.)

    fioritura (mus.), decoration of melody

    FIPA      Fellow of the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising

    FIQS      Fellow of the Institute of Quantity Surveyors

    fir.      firkin, -s

    Firbank (Ronald)
              1886-1926, English novelist

    Firdausi  ?930-1020, Persian poet, not Ferdausi, Firdousi, Firdusi

    fire/-alarm, -engine, -escape, -guard, -hydrant
              abbr. FH (hyphens)

    fire/arm(s), -man, -place, -side
              (one word)

    fire/ brigade, -- insurance
              (two words)

    Firenze   It. for Florence

    fire-plug abbr. FP

    fireproof (one word)

    firkin/   small cask; pl. -s; abbr.  fir.

    firman/   an edict, pl. -s

    firn      n÷v÷, granular snow not yet compressed into ice at head of
              glacier (not ital.)

    first     (adj.), abbr. 1st

    first aid (two words)

    first/-born, -class
              (adj. and adv.), -fruit (hyphens)

    firsthand (adj., one word), but at first hand (two words)

    first proof
              (typ.), the first impression taken, and corrected by the "copy"

    first-rate
              (hyphen)

    First World War
              1914-18 (caps.); also World War I

    firth     an estuary, not fri-

    FIS       Fellow of the Institute of Statisticians

    FISA      Fellow of the Incorporated Secretaries Association

    Fischer (Robert James)
              b. 1943, US chess master

    Fischer-Dieskau (Dietrich)
              b. 1925, German baritone

    fisgig    use fiz-

    fish/ cake, -- finger
              (two words)

    fishing/-line, -rod
              (hyphens)

    fissile   able to undergo fission, not fissionable

    FIST      Fellow of the Institute of Science Technology

    fisticuffs
              not fisty-

    fistul/a  opening of internal organ to the exterior or to another organ,
              pl. -ae (not ital.)

    fit (arch.)
              section of a poem, not fytte

    FitzGerald/
              fam. name of Duke of Leinster; -- (Edward), 1809-83, English
              poet and translator (one word), cap. G

    Fitzgerald/ (Francis Scott Key)
              1896-1940, US novelist; -- (George Francis), 1851-1901, Irish
              physicist, devised the theory of -- contraction, lower-case g

    Fitzwilliam/ College, -- Museum
              Cambridge

    fivefold  (one word)

    fixed star
              sign (See Figure 3 in topic FRONT_4)

    fizgig    flirtatious girl, small firework, not fis-, fizz-

    fizz      a sound, not fiz

    FJI       Fellow of the Institute of Journalists, not FIJ

    fjord     use fiord

    FL        (naval) Flag Lieutenant, Florida (off. postal abbr.)

    Fl.       Flanders, Flemish

    fl.       florin, fluid, (Neth. etc.)  gulden

    fl.       flores (flowers), floruit (flourished)

    f.l.      falsa lectio (a false reading)

    Fla.      Florida (off. abbr.)

    FLA       Fellow of the Library Association

    flabbergast
              to dumbfound, not flaba-, flaber-

    flabell/um
              (eccl. and bot.), a fan; pl. -a

    flag/-boat, -day
              (hyphens)

    flageolet (mus.) small flute, (bot.) kidney bean, not -elet (not ital.)

    flag-pole (hyphen)

    flag/ship, -staff
              (one word)

    flak      anti-aircraft fire, not -ck

    flamb÷    (Fr. cook.), served in flames

    flambeau/ a torch; pl. -s (not ital.)

    flamboyant
              showy, (archit.) with flamelike lines (not ital.)

    flamenco/ type of gypsy song or dance from Andalusia, pl. -s (not ital.)

    flame-thrower
              (hyphen)

    flamingo/ trop. bird; pl. -s

    flammable inflammable

    Flamsteed (John)
              1646-1719, first English Astronomer Royal (1675-1719), not
              -stead

    Flanders  abbr. Fl.

    flçn/erie (Fr. f.), lounging; -eur, fem. -euse, an idler

    flannelette
              cotton imitation of flannel, not -llette

    flannelled
              not -eled

    flash/back, -light, -point
              (one word)

    flat/ back
              (bind.), see square back; ---impression or -- pull (typ.), see
              rough pull

    flat-fish (hyphen)

    flatworm  (one word)

    Flaubert (Gustave)
              1821-80 French novelist

    flautist  not flut-

    flavour/, -ed, -ing, -less
              but flavorous

    flëche    (Fr. f.), an arrow; flëche (archit., not ital.), a slender spire

    flection  use flexion

    fledgeling
              not fledgling

    Fleming   a native of Flanders

    Fleming (Sir Alexander)
              1881-1955, Scottish bacteriologist, discovered penicillin

    fleur-de-lis
              heraldic lily, not fleur-de-lys, nor flower-de-luce; pl.
              fleurs-de-lis (not ital.)

    fleuret   (bind.), flower-shaped ornament

    fleuron   a type ornament

    flexible  not -able

    flexion   not -ction

    flexitime system of working variable hours, not flext-

    flibbertigibbet
              frivolous person

    Fliegende Holländer (Der)
              (The Flying Dutchman), opera by Wagner, 1843

    flier     use flyer

    flintlock (one word)

    floatation
              use flotation

    floccinaucinihilipilification
              estimating as worthless (one word)

    floccul/us
              (Lat.), a small tuft, (astr.) small solar cloud, (anat.)  a
              small lobe in the cerebellum; pl.  -i

    flong     (typ.), material used for making the mould for stereotyping

    Flood     (the), in Genesis (cap.)

    flood/gate, -light
              (one word)

    floozie   not -sie

    flor.     floruit (flourished)

    flora/    (collect. sing.) the plants of a region or epoch; pl. -s (not
              ital.)

    floreat   may he, she, it flourish

    Floren/ce in It. Firenze; adj.  -tine

    flores    (Lat.), flowers; abbr. fl.

    florescen/ce, -t


    floriat/e, -ed
              florally decorated, not -eate

    Florida   off. abbr. Fla. or (postal) FL

    florilegi/um
              an anthology, pl. -a

    florin    abbr. fl.

    floruit   (Lat.), flourished, abbr.  fl., or flor., followed by date(s)
              (not ital. when used as noun)

    flotation not floatation

    flotsam and jetsam
              (naut.), floating wreckage and goods thrown overboard (esp. when
              washed ashore)

    flourished
              abbr. fl. (floruit)

    flow chart
              (two words)

    flower-de-luce
              use fleur-de-lis

    flowers   (typ.), type ornaments

    flow rate (two words)

    FLS       Fellow of the Linnean Society (off. spelling), not Linnae-

    Flt. Lt.  Flight Lieutenant

    Flt. Sgt. Flight Sergeant

    flu       influenza (no point)

    fluffing  (typ.), release of paper fluff or dust during printing

    Flâgel (Johann Gottfried)
              1788-1855, German lexicographer

    flugelhorn
              kind of bugle

    flugelman use fugle-

    fluid     abbr. fl.

    fluidize  not -ise

    fluky     not -ey

    flummox   to confound, not -ix, -ox

    flunkey/  liveried servant (now derog.), pl. -s; not -ky

    fluoresce/, -nce, -nt
              be made luminous, etc.

    fluoridate
              add fluoride to

    fluorinate
              introduce fluorine into

    fluorine  not -in; symbol F

    fluoroscope
              instrument for X-ray examination, with fluorescent screen

    fluorspar (chem.), calcium fluoride as mineral

    flush     (typ.), set to margin of columns or page

    Flushing  Netherlands, in Du.  Vlissingen

    flustr/a  a seaweed; pl. -ae (not ital.)

    flutist   use flautist

    fluty, flutelike
              not -ey

    fluxions  (math.), not -ctions

    fly/      light carriage, pl. -s

    flyer     not flier

    fly/leaf  (typ.), a blank leaf at beginning or end of a book, also blank
              leaf of a circular; -sheet, a two- or four-page tract (one word)

    flyover   road or railway bridge (one word)

    fly-past  (noun, hyphen)

    flywheel  (one word)

    FM        field magnet, Field Marshal, Foreign Mission, frequency
              modulation

    Fm        fermium (no point)

    fm.       fathom

    FMS       Fellow of the Medical Society

    f.n., fn. footnote

    FO        Field Officer, (naval) Flag Officer, (RAF) Flying Officer,
              Foreign Office

    fo.       folio

    FOC       father of the chapel (see chapel)

    focalize  not -ise

    Foch (Ferdinand)
              1851-1929, French general

    fo'c'sle  use forecastle

    focus/    pl. -es, (sci.) foci

    focus/ed, -es, -ing
              not -uss-

    foehn     use fohn

    foenugreek
              use fe-

    Foerster (Friedrich Wilhelm)
              1869-1966, German philosopher and polit.  writer

    foet/id, -or
              use fe-

    foet/us   child or young animal developed in womb, pl. -uses; -al, -ation,
              -icide; not fet-

    fog       (meteor.), abbr. f.

    foggy     obscured by fog

    fog/y     one with antiquated notions, not -ey, -ie; pl. -ies

    fæhn      Alpine south wind, not foehn

    foie      (Fr. m.), liver

    Fokine (Michel)
              1880-1942, Russian-American choreographer

    fol.      folio, following

    fold      as suffix forms one word (e.g.  threefold)

    fold-out  oversize page in book (hyphen)

    foldstool use fald-

    foliaceous
              leaflike, not -ious

    foliate   (verb) number folios consecutively, (adj.) leaflike

    Folies Bergëre
              (ital.)

    folio/    (typ.), a sheet of MS or copy; a page number; a book based on
              two leaves, four pages, to the sheet; pl. -s; as verb, -ed, not
              -'d; abbr. fo., fol.

    foli/um   (Lat.), a leaf; pl. -a

    folk-dance
              (hyphen)

    Folketing Danish Parliament; not -thing

    folklor/e, -ism, -ist, -istic
              (one word)

    folk/-song, -tale
              (hyphens)

    follic/le (bot., med.), small sac, not -cule; but -ular, -ulated

    following abbr. f. or fol.

    fonda     (Sp.), an inn

    fondant   a sweetmeat (not ital.)

    fondue    melted cheese, eggs, etc., not fondu

    fons et origo
              (Lat.), source and origin

    font      (US typ.), Eng. fount

    Fontainebleau
              d÷p. Seine-et-Marne, France

    Fonteyn (Dame Margot)
              b. 1919, English prima ballerina

    foodstuff (one word)

    foolproof (one word)

    foolscap  former size of paper, 17 x 13.5 in.; -- 4to, 8.5 x 6.75 in.; --
              8vo, 6.75 x 4.25 in.(untrimmed).  See also book sizes

    foot      in metric system 30.48 centimetres; abbr. ft; not now in
              scientific use

    foot-and-mouth
              disease (hyphens)

    football  (one word)

    foot/-brake, -bridge
              (hyphens)

    foot candle
              (two words)

    foot/hills, -hold, -lights, -loose
              (one word)

    footnotes in copy should be written either at the bottom of the folio or
              on a separate sheet, with reference figures for identification;
              (typ.) all references In text to be by superior figures outside
              the punctuation mark or quote, except in math. setting (see
              reference marks). For a second set of cues use superior letters.
              At page make-up, leave apparent white between end of text and
              first line of notes

    foot/path, -plate, -print
              (one word)

    Foots Cray
              London

    Footscray Vic., Australia

    foot/sore, -step, -stool, -way, -wear
              (one word)

    for.      foreign, forestry

    foram/en  (anat., bot.), an orifice; pl. -ina

    forasmuch (one word)

    foray     a raid, not forr-

    forbade   see forbid

    for/bear  to abstain, past -bore, partic. -borne. See also forebear

    Forbes-Robertson (Sir Johnston)
              1853-1937, English actor

    for/bid   past -bade, partic.  -bidden, -bidding

    force majeure
              (Fr. f.), circumstances beyond one's control

    forcemeat meat finely chopped and seasoned, not forced- (one word)

    forceps   surgical pincers; pl. same

    forcible  not -cable

    Ford (Ford Madox)
              orig. surname Hueffer, 1873-1939, English writer

    forearm   (noun and verb, one word)

    forebear  ancestor. See also forbear

    forebod/e, -ing
              not forb-

    forecast

    forecastle
              not fo'c'sle

    foreclose

    foredge   (bind.), the edge of a book opposite the binding, not fore-edge.
              See also margins

    fore-edge (hyphen in non-technical uses)

    fore-end  not forend

    Forefathers' Day
              (US), anniversary of landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, Mass.,
              21 Dec. 1620, usu.  celebrated on 22 Dec.

    forefend  use forf-

    fore/finger, -front
              (one word)

    foregather
              use forg-

    fore/go   to go before, past -went, partic. -gone, -going. See also forgo

    forehead

    foreign   abbr. for.

    Foreign and Commonwealth Office
              formed, 1968, from the two separate Offices; abbr. FCO

    Foreign/ Mission
              abbr. FM; -- Office (caps.), abbr. FO, combined, 1968, with the
              Commonwealth Office

    forel     early vellum-like covering for books, not forr-

    fore/leg, -lock, -mast, -play
              (one word)

    fore/run  past -ran, partic. -run; -runner (one word)

    fore/said, -see, -shadow, -shore
              -shorten, -sight, -skin, -stall, not for- (one word)

    Forester (Cecil Scott)
              1899-1966, English novelist

    foretell  not fort-, fortel

    for ever  for always (two words); forever, continually (one word)

    forewarn  not for- (one word)

    foreword  (of book), not forw-. See also preliminary matter

    forfeit

    forfend   avert, not fore-

    forgather not fore-

    forget-me-not
              (bot.)

    forgett/able, -ing


    forgivable
              not -eable

    for/go    to abstain from, past -went, partic. -gone, -going. See also
              forego

    formalin  a germicide or preservative, not -ine

    formalize not -ise

    format/   (typ.), the size (octavo, quarto, etc.) of a book; (loosely) its
              general typ. style and appearance; (comp.) a frequently-used set
              of typographical commands stored in the keyboard (not ital.); as
              verb, past -ted, partic. -ted, -ting

    forme     (typ.), a body of type secured in the frame called a chase; not
              form

    former    first of two. See also latter

    formul/a  pl. -as, (sci.) -ae (not ital.); abbr. F.

    forray    use foray

    forrel    use forel

    forsaid   use fore-

    Fors Clavigera
              by Ruskin, 1871-84

    Forster (John)
              1812-76, English biographer (see also Foster); -- (Edward
              Morgan), 1879-1970, English novelist

    forsw/ear, -ore, -orn


    forsythia ornamental shrub

    Fort      cap. F when with name, as Fort Southwick, Tilbury Fort; abbr.
              Ft.

    fort.     fortification, fortified

    forte/    person's strong point (not ital.); (mus.), strong and loud,
              abbr. f; ---piano, loud, then immediately soft (hyphen), abbr.
              fp; --piano, early form of pianoforte (one word)

    fortell   use fore-

    fortissimo/
              (mus.), very loud; as noun, pl. -s; abbr. ff

    fortississimo/
              (mus.), as loud as possible; as noun, pl. -s; abbr.  fff

    fortiter in re
              (Lat.), bravely in action. See also suaviter in modo

    FORTRAN   Formula Translation, a computer compiler language

    forty-eightmo
              (typ.), a book based on 48 leaves, 96 pages, to tbe sheet; abbr.
              48mo

    forwarn   use fore-

    forzando  (mus.), forced; abbr.  fz (no point). See also sforzando

    foss/a    (anat.), a cavity; pl. -ae

    fosse     a ditch, not foss

    fossilize not -ise

    Foster (Birket)
              1825-99, English painter; -- (John), 1770-1843, Englisb essayist
              (see also Forster); -- (Stephen Collins), 1826-64, US
              song-writer; -- (Sir Harry Hylton-), see Hylton-Foster

    Fotheringhay Castle
              Northants, 1066-1604

    Foucault (John Bernard L÷on)
              1819-68, French physicist

    Foucquet  use Fouq-

    foul/     adv. -ly; -up (hyphen as noun)

    Foulahs   use Fulahs

    foulard   a fabric (not ital.)

    foul proof
              (typ.), a proof-reader's marked proof as opposed to the
              corrected (or clean, q.v.) proof which succeeds it

    foundry   not -ery; -- proof, final proof from forme which has been
              prepared for plating

    fount     (typ.), a complete set of type of one particular face and size;
              in US font

    Fouqu÷ (Friedrich, Baron de la Mode)
              1777-1843, German poet and dramatist

    Fouquet (Jean)
              1416-80, French painter; -- (Nicolas), 1615-80, French
              statesman; not Foucq-

    four-colour process
              (typ.), printing in yellow, magenta, cyan, and black to give a
              complete colour reproduction

    fourfold  (one word)

    Fourier (Franúois Marie Charles)
              1772-1837, French socialist, hence Fourier/ism, -ist, -ite; --
              (Jean Baptiste Joseph), 1768-1830, French mathematician and
              physicist, hence Fourier Series

    four-poster
              four-post bed

    four/score, -some
              (one word)

    four-stroke
              (hyphen)

    Fourth of July
              US Independence Day (caps.)

    Fourth of June
              George III's birthday, day of celebration at Eton

    Fowler (Francis George)
              1870-1918, English lexicographer; -- (Henry Watson), 1858-1933,
              English lexicographer, author of Modern English Usage and joint
              author, with brother F. G., of The King's English

    Fox (Charles James)
              1749-1806, English politician; -- (George), 1624-91, English
              preacher, founder of Society of Friends (Quakers)

    Foxe      (John), 1516-87, English martyrologist

    foxed paper
              stained with yellowish-brown spots

    fox/glove, -hole, -hound
              (one word)

    fox/-hunt, -terrier
              (hyphens)

    foxtrot   (one word)

    foyer     theatre lounge (not ital.)

    FP        Fine Paper (the best edition of a work); fire-plug; (Sc.) former
              pupil(s)

    f.p.      freezing-point

    fp        (mus.), forte-piano, loud, then immediately soft

    FPA       Family Planning Association, Foreign Press Association

    F.Ph.S.   Fellow of the Philosophical Society of England

    FPS       Fellow of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

    Fr        francium (no point)

    Fr.       Father, France, French, Friar, Friday; (Ger.) Frau (Mrs, wife)
              (It.) Fratelli (Brothers)

    fr.       fragment, franc, from, (Ger.)  frei (free)

    fra       (It.), brother, friar (no point)

    fracas    noisy quarrel; pl. same (not ital.)

    fractionalize
              not -ise

    fractions (typ.), spell out simple fractions in textual matter, e.g.
              one-half, two-thirds, one and three-quarters; hyphenate
              compounded numeral in compound fractions such as nine
              thirty-seconds, forty-seven sixty-fourths; in statistical matter
              use one-piece fractions where available, but if these are not
              available use split fractions, i.e. those with dividing line
              attached to denominators and the numerator justified above it;
              but to avoid difficult handwork complex non-displayed fractions
              are now often set in fount-size numerals with a solidus between,
              e.g. 19/100. For math. setting, see Hart's Rules, pp. 55-6

    fractions, decimal
              see decimal fractions

    FRAD      Fellow of the Royal Academy of Dancing

    fraenum   not fre-

    F.R.Ae.S. Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society

    F.R.Ag.Ss.
              Fellow of the Royal Agricultural Societies

    FRAI      Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute

    Fraktur   (typ.), name for German style of black letter

    FRAM      Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music

    framable  not -eable

    framework (one word)

    franc     (Fr. m.), coin (not ital.); abbr. f. or fr., pl. f. or frs., to
              be put after the figures, as 10 f.  50 c., or 10.50 fr.

    franúaise (å la)
              (Fr.), in the French style, not cap. F

    France    abbr. Fr.

    Franche-Comt÷
              province, France

    franchise the right to vote, not -ize

    francium  symbol Fr

    Franck (C÷sar Auguste)
              1822-90, Belgian-born French organist and composer

    Franco (General Francisco)
              1892-1975, Spanish head of state 1939-75

    franc-tireur
              (Fr. m.), an irregular sharpshooter; pl. francs-tireurs

    franglais (Fr. m.), French regarded as including too many borrowings from
              English

    Frankenstein
              (in Mary Shelley's novel), the maker of the monster, not the
              monster

    Frankfort Ind. and Ky. (US)

    Frankfurt/-on-Main
              W. Germany; -- -on-Oder, E. Germany; in Ger.  Frankfurt/ am
              Main, -- an der Oder (no hyphens)

    frankfurter
              seasoned smoked sausage

    Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
              German newspaper, not Frankfor-, fur-

    Franz Josef Land
              Arctic Ocean (USSR)

    frappant  (Fr.), striking, affecting

    frapp÷    (Fr.), iced

    FRAS      Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, ditto Asiatic Society

    Fraser    family name of Barons Lovat, Saltoun, and Strathalmond. See also
              Frazer

    Fraser River
              Brit. Columbia, Canada

    Fraser's Magazine


    frat/e    (It.), a friar; pl. -i

    fraternize
              not -ise

    Frau/     (Ger. f.), Mrs, wife, not Fräu; abbr. Fr.; pl. -en

    Fräulein  (Ger. n.), Miss, unmarried lady; pl. same; abbr. Frl.

    Fraunhofer/ (Joseph von)
              German physicist, discoverer of -- lines in sun's spectrum (no
              umlaut)

    Frazer (Sir James George)
              1854-1941, English anthropologist. See also Fraser

    FRBS      Fellow of the Royal Botanic Society; Fellow of the Royal Society
              of British Sculptors

    FRCGP     Fellow of the Royal College of General Practitioners

    FRCM      Fellow of the Royal College of Music

    FRCO      Fellow of the Royal College of Organists

    FRCOG     Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists

    FRCP      Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London

    F.R.C.Path.
              Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists

    FRCS      Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, England

    FRCVS     Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, London

    F.R.Econ.S.
              Fellow of the Royal Economic Society

    Fred.     Frederic, Frederick. When it is a full name, or a diminutive of
              familiarity, it takes no point

    Fredericton
              New Brunswick, Canada, not -ck-

    free and easy
              (three words)

    freeboard (one word)

    free-born (hyphen)

    freedman  an emancipated slave; freeman, one to whom the freedom of a city
              has been given

    free/-for-all, -hand
              (adj.)  (hyphens)

    free/hold, -holder
              (one word)

    free-lance
              (noun & verb)

    Freemantle
              use Frem-

    Freemason/, -ry
              (cap., one word)

    free-range
              (adj., hyphen)

    free/-thinker, -thought
              (hyphens)

    free will the power of self-determination (two words); freewill (adj., one
              word)

    freeze    to convert to ice. See also frieze

    freezing-point
              abbr. f.p.

    frei      (Ger.), free; abbr. fr.

    Freiberg  Saxony, Germany

    Freiburg/ im Breisgau
              Baden, Germany; Ger. abbr. -- i.B.

    Freiburg  Switzerland, use Fribourg

    Freiherr  Get. title; abbr. Frhr.

    Freischâtz (Der)
              opera by Weber, 1819

    freize    use frieze

    Fremantle W. Australia, not Free-

    French    abbr. Fr.; (typ.), alphabet as English; see accents. There are
              strict rules for capitalization, division of words, spacing,
              etc.  The following must suffice here, but reference to Hart's
              Rules, pp.  89-103, is strongly recommended.  Division of words
              is according to spoken syllables, rarely etymology:  single
              consonant goes with following vowel, including consonant + r or
              + l; take over gn (e.g. sei-gneur); doubled consonants may he
              divided. No caps.  for adjectives of nationality, the first
              pers. pronoun, days of week, months, names of cardinal points,
              names indicating rank, as anglais, je, lundi, mars, le nord, le
              duc.  Accents: acute (') used only over e; when two es come
              together the first always has acute accent, as n÷e; grave (')
              used over a, e, u; circumflex (^) used over any vowel.  Cedilla
              c (ú) used only before a, o, u. Diaeresis as in English; the
              digraph oe is not to be separated.  Quotation marks are usu.
              guillemets Ï Ð, though rules are more commonly used in
              conversational passages

    french chalk
              (not cap.)

    French groove
              (bind.), extra space between board and spine

    Frenchified, Frenchlike
              (cap.)

    french polish/, -er, french windows
              (two words, not cap.)

    frenetic  delirious, frantic, not ph-

    frenum    use frae- feq., frequent, -ly, -ative

    frëre     (Fr. m.), brother, friar

    FRES      Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society

    fresco/   water-colour done on damp plaster; pl. -s (not ital.)

    freshman  first-year man at university (one word)

    freshwater
              (adj., one word); fresh water (noun, two words)

    Fresnel (Augustin Jean)
              1788-1827, French physicist

    fret/saw, -work
              (one word)

    Freud/ (Sigmund)
              1856-1939, Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis;
              adj. -ian

    Freytag (Gustav)
              1816-95, German writer

    FRG       Federal Republic of Germany

    FRGS      Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society

    F.R.Hist.S.
              Fellow of the Royal Historical Society

    Frhr.     (Ger.), Freiherr (a title)

    FRHS      Fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society

    Fri.      Friday

    friar's balsam
              tincture of benzoin, not -s'

    FRIBA     Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects (pl. FF-)

    Fribourg  Switzerland, not Frei-; in Ger. Freiburg

    FRIC      Fellow of the Royal Institute of Chemistry, now FRSC

    fricandeau/
              braised and larded fillet of veal; pl. -x (not ital.)

    fricassee/
              a white stew (not ital., no accent), pl. -s

    FRICS     Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

    Friday    abbr. F., Fr., or Fri.

    Friedman (Milton)
              b. 1912, US economist

    frier     one who fries, use fryer

    Friesian  breed of cattle, not Fris-

    frieze    cloth, (archit.) part below cornice, not frei-

    FRIPHH    Fellow of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene

    frippery  tawdry finery

    Fris.     Frisia (Friesland, in Netherlands), Frisian. See also Friesian

    fris/ette curls on forehead, not friz-; -eur, hairdresser; -ure, mode of
              hairdressing

    frisson   (Fr. m.), a shudder

    frit/     (Fr. cook.) fem. -e, pl.  -(e)s, fried

    frith     estuary, use firth

    frizz     to roughen, curl, not friz

    Frl.      (Ger.), Fräulein (Miss)

    F.R.Med.Soc.
              Fellow of the Royal Medical Society

    F.R.Met.S.
              Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society

    FRMS      Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society

    FRNS      Fellow of the Royal Numismatic Society

    fro       (no point)

    Froebel (Friedrich)
              1782-1852, German educationalist, founder of kindergarten system

    Frolic/, -ked, -king


    fromage   (Fr. m.), cheese

    Fronde    French rebel party during minority of Louis XIV

    frondeur  member of Fronde, political rebel

    Frontignan
              a muscat grape or wine (not ital.)

    frontispiece
              (typ.), illustration facing title-page (one word)

    frost/-bite, -bitten
              (hyphens)

    Froude (James Anthony)
              1818-94, English historian

    Froufrou  comedy by Meilhac and Hal÷vy

    frou-frou a rustling of dress (not ital.)

    frowsty   musty, stuffy

    frowzy    unkempt, slatternly

    FRPS      Fellow of the Royal Photographic Society

    FRS       Fellow of the Royal Society, in Lat. SRS (Societatis Regiae
              Sodalis)

    frs.      francs

    FRSA      Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts

    FRSC      Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry

    FRSE      Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

    FRSH      Fellow of the Royal Society of Health

    FRSL      Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature

    FRSM      Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine

    FRST      Fellow of the Royal Society of Teachers

    frumenty  boiled wheat with milk, sugar, etc., not the many variants

    frust/um  (geom.), lower portion of intersected cone or pyramid; pl.  -a;
              not -rum

    FRVA      Fellow of the Rating and Valuation Associatson

    fryer     one who fries, not frier

    FSA       Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries

    FSAA      Fellow of the Society of Incorporated Accountants and Auditors

    FSE       Fellow of the Society of Engineers

    FSIAD     Fellow of the Society of Industrial Artists and Designers

    FSS       Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society

    FSVA      Fellow of the Incorporated Society of Valuers and Auctioneers

    Ft.       fort

    ft.       feint (paper), flat, foot or feet, fortified

    FTCD      Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin

    FTCL      Fellow of Trinity College (of Music), London

    FTI       Fellow of the Textile Institute

    fuchsia   (bot.) (not ital.)

    fuc/us    (Lat.), a seaweed; pl. -i

    Fuehrer   (Ger.), use Fâhrer

    fuelled   not - eled

    fugleman  leader in mil. exercises, not flugel-, flugle-, fugal-, fugel-

    fug/ue    (mus., psych.) (not ital.); adj. -al

    Fâhrer    leader, title assumed by Hitler in Nazi Germany

    Fujiyama  mt., Japan, properly Fujisan, not Fusi-

    -ful      suffix denoting amounts, pl.  -fuls

    Fulahs    Sudanese, not FellÁh, Fellani, Feulhs, Foulahs, Fulbe.  See also
              fellah

    fulcr/um  point of purchase for lever; pl. -a (not ital.)

    fulfil/, -led, -ling, -ment


    fulgor    splendour, not -gour

    full-bound
              (bind.), completely cased in the same material (hyphen)

    full/-length
              not shortened, -scale, not reduced (hyphens)

    fullness  not fulness

    full out  (typ.), set to margin of column or page

    full point
              (typ.), the full stop; see punctuation V

    fulmar    a petrel

    fulness   use full-

    fulsome   excessive and cloying, not full-

    fumatory  a place for smoking. See also fumi-

    fumigator not -er

    fumitory  (bot.), a plant. See also fuma-

    function  (math.), abbr. F or f

    fun-fair  (hyphen)

    fung/us   pl. -i; adj. -ous (not ital.)

    funny/-bone, -face
              (hyphens)

    fur.      furlong

    fâr       (Ger.) for; abbr. f.

    furbelow  a flounce, not -llow

    furfur/   dandruff; adj. -aceous

    furlong   eighth of mile; abbr. f. or fur.

    furmenty  use fru-

    Furness (Christopher, Baron)
              1852-1912, shipping magnate; -- (Horace Howard), 1833-1912, and
              his son, 1865-1930, US Shakespearian scholars

    Furniss (Harry)
              1854-1925, caricaturist

    furniture (typ.), spacing material

    Furnivall (Frederick James)
              1825-1910, English philologist

    furor     (Lat.), rage (ital.)

    furore    (It.), enthusiastic admiration, uproar (not ital.)

    furry     furlike

    furth/er  (adv., adj., and verb), -est (adv. and adj.), now the dominant
              spellings; use in all cases, not far-

    Furtwängler (Adolf)
              1853-1907, German archaeologist; -- (Wilhelm), his son,
              1886-1954, German conductor

    fusable   use fusi-

    fusain    porous coal, artists' fine charcoal crayon

    fus/e, -ee, fuselage
              not fuz-

    fusible   not -able

    fusil     musket, not -zil

    fusilier  not -leer

    fusillade not -ilade

    Fusiyama  mt., Japan, use Fujiyama

    fut.      future

    futhorc   runic alphabet, not -ark, -ork

    fuz/e, -ee, -elage, -il
              use fus-

    f.v.      folio verso (on the back of the page)

    FWA       Family Welfare Association

    fylfot    the swastika, not fil-

    fytte     use fit

    Fyzabad   Uttar Pradesh (India), not Faizabad

    fz        (mus.), forzando

    FZS       Fellow of the Zoological Society

 7.0 G
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



 7.1 G...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    G         gauss, the seventh in a series, (as prefix) giga-

    G.        Graduate, Grand, Gulf, (naval) gunnery

    g         gram(s) (no point in scientific and technical work), (dyn.)
              local gravitational acceleration

    g.        guinea, -s, (Fr.) gauche (left), gros/, -se (big), (meteor.)
              gale

 7.2 GA...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    GA        General Assembly (Sc. Ch.); Georgia, US (off. postal abbr.)

    Ga        gallium (no point)

    Ga.       Gallic; Georgia, US (off.)

    gabardine durable cloth

    gabbey    use gaby

    gabbro/   (geol.), an igneous rock; pl. -s

    gaberdine a loose cloak

    Gabon/    W. Africa, indep. republic 1960; adj. -ese

    Gaborone  Botswana

    gaby      a simpleton, not -ey, gabbey, gawby

    Gadarene swine


    Gaddi     family of Florentine painters, 1259-1396

    Gadhel/   a Gael of the Irish, Highland Scottish, or Manx branch; adj. -ic

    Gaditanian
              of Cadiz, SW Spain

    gadolinium
              symbol Gd

    Gadshill  Kent, site of Gad's Hill Place, Charles Dickens's residence
              1860-70; character in Shakespeare's Henry IV (one word)

    Gaekwar   title of prince of Baroda, India, not Gaik-

    Gaelic/   abbr. Gael.; -- alphabet, same as English, but no j, k, q, v, w,
              x, y, z. See also accents

    Gaeltacht region of Ireland where vernacular language is Irish

    gaga      senile, incapable (one word)

    Gagarin (Yuri Alekseyevich)
              1934-68, Russian cosmonaut, first to orbit earth, 1961

    gage      a, or to, pledge. See also gauge

    gaiety    not gay-

    Gaikwar   (title), use Gaek-

    gaillardia
              (bot.), a plant

    gaily     not gayly

    gairfish  use garfish

    gairfowl  use gare-fowl

    gairish   use garish

    Gair Loch Strathclyde, use Gare-

    Gairloch  Highland, not Gare-

    Gaitskell (Hugh Todd Naylor)
              1906-63, British statesman

    Gaius     Roman praenomen, not Caius; abbr. C.

    gal       unit of acceleration, with numbers Gal (no point)

    Gal.      Galatians

    gal.      gallon, -s

    gala/     festive occasion; pl. -s (not ital.)

    galaena   use -lena

    galangale use gali-

    galantine white meat served cold in jelly, not gall-

    Galantuomo (Il Re)
              King Victor Emmanuel I of Italy

    galanty show
              a shadow pantomime, not -tee, gallantee, -ty

    Galatea (Acis or Pygmalion and)


    Galati    Romania, not -acz, -atch, -atz

    Galatia   Asia Minor

    Galatians abbr. Gal.

    galavant  use galli-

    Galaxy    (astr.), the Milky Way (system) (cap.)

    gale      (meteor.), wind moving at 40-70 miles per hour

    galena    lead ore, not -aena

    galera    (Sp. typ.), a galley

    galëre    (Fr. f.), galley (ship); qu'allait-il faire dans cette --?  (how
              did he get into this scrape?)

    Galilean  of Galilee, or of Galileo

    Galileo [Galilei]
              1564-1642, Italian astronomer and mathematician; in Fr. Galil÷e,
              It.  Galilei

    galingale a sedge with medicinal root, not gala-

    galiot    a vessel, use gall-

    galipot   a resin. See also gall-

    galivant  use galli-

    gall.     gallon, -s

    gallantine
              use galantine

    gallanty show
              use gala-

    gallaway  see gallo-

    gall-bladder
              (hyphen)

    Galle     town, Sri Lanka, formerly Point de Galle

    gallery   in Fr. f. galerie

    Galles    (Fr. f. sing.), Wales; adj.  gallois/, fem. -e

    galley/   (typ.), a flat oblong tray for holding composed type; -- proofs,
              those supplied in "slips" about 18 in. long (i.e. impressions
              taken from type on galleys). See also proof

    Gallic    of Gaul, French; abbr. Ga.

    gallice   in French

    Gallic/ism
              French idiom; -ize, to make Gallic or French, not -ise

    Galli-Curci (Amelita)
              1889-1963, Italian soprano

    galligaskins
              pl., breeches, not -in

    gallimaufry
              a medley

    galliot   Dutch cargo-boat

    Gallipoli S. Italy, Turkey

    gallipot  a small jar. See also gali-

    gallium   symbol Ga

    gallivant to gad about, not gala-, gali-

    gallon/, -s
              abbr. gal. or gall.

    galloon   a dress trimming

    galloot   use galoot

    gallop/   a horse's movement; -ed, -er, -ing. See also galop

    gallopade Hungarian dance, not galop-, gallopp-

    Gallovidian
              of Galloway

    Galloway  SW Scotland

    galloway  a horse, also breed of cattle, not galla-

    gallows   treated as sing.

    gallstone (one word)

    Gallup/ (Dr George Horace)
              1901-84, founded American Institute of Public Opinion, 1936; --
              poll, measure of public opinion (two words, one cap.)

    galoot    an awkward fellow, not gall-, geel-

    galop     a dance. See also gallop

    galore    in abundance

    galosh/   an overshoe, not gol-, -oshe; -ed

    galumph   to gallop triumphantly

    galv.     galvan/ic, -ism

    Galvani (Luigi)
              1737-98, discoverer of galvanism

    galvanize not -ise

    Galway    W. Ireland

    Galwegian of Galloway

    Gama (Vasco da)
              1467-1524, Portuguese navigator, first round Africa to India

    Gambia (The)
              W. Africa, indep. 1965

    Gambier   Ohio, US

    gambier   a gum, not -beer, -bir

    gamboge   yellow pigment, not -booze

    gambol/   to frisk; -led, -ling

    game/bird, -keeper
              (one word)

    gamin/    a street urchin, fem. -e (not ital.)

    gamma/    unit of magnetic flux density; in SI units 1nT; -- globulin, a
              protein; -- ray (two words)

    gammon    a cured ham, not gamon

    gamy      having the flavour or scent of game left till high, not -ey

    Gand      Fr. for Ghent, Belgium

    Gandhi/ (Mohandas Karamchand)
              (Mahatma Gandhi), 1869-1948, Indian nationalist leader; -- (Mrs
              Indira), 1917-84, Prime Minister of India 1966-77, 1980-4, dau.
              of Pandit Nehru, not related to preceding; -- (Rajiv), b. 1944,
              Prime Minister of India 1984-, her son

    gangli/on knot on nerve; pl. -a

    gangue    rock or earth in which ore is found

    gangway   (one word)

    ganister  a hard stone, not gann-

    gantlet   use gaun-

    gantry    platform to carry travelling crane, etc., not gau-

    Ganymede  (Gr. myth.), cup-bearer to the gods

    gaol/     -er, not jai-. See also goal

    gaol/bird, -break
              (one word)

    Garamond  a typeface

    Garamont (Claude)
              c.1500-61, French type-designer, -cutter, and -founder

    Garcilaso de la Vega
              1503-36, Spanish poet; -- -- -- -- ('the Inca'), 1540-1616,
              Spanish historian

    garúon    (Fr. m.), bachelor, boy, waiter (ital.)

    Garde nationale
              (Fr.), national guard (one cap.)

    gardenia  (bot.), an ornamental shrub (not ital.)

    Gardens   abbr. Gdns.

    gare      (Fr. f.), railway station

    garefish  use garfish

    gare-fowl the great auk, not gair-, gar- (hyphen)

    Gare Loch Strathclyde, not Gair

    Gareloch  Highland, use Gair-

    garfish   similar to pike, not gair-, gare-

    gargantuan
              enormous (not cap.)

    gargoyle  (archit.), grotesque spout, not -ile, -oil

    Garhwal   Uttar Pradesh, India

    gari      use gharry

    garish    gaudy, not gair-

    garlic    but garlicky

    Garmisch-Partenkirchen
              W. Germany

    garnet    red precious stone

    garn/i    (Fr.), fem. -ie, furnished

    garrott/e to throttle, not -ote, garotte; -er

    Garter King-of-Arms
              herald, not -at-

    gas       (US colloq.), gasoline

    gaseous

    Gaskell (Mrs Elizabeth Cleghorn)
              1810-65, English novelist

    gasoline  volatile liquid from petroleum, esp. (chiefly US and techn.)
              petrol, not -ene

    Gasp÷     peninsula, cape, and town (Quebec prov., Canada)

    gas poisoning
              (two words)

    Gast/haus (Ger. n.), an inn; pl.  -häuser (cap.)

    Gast/hof  (Ger. m.), a hotel; pl.  -hæfe (cap.)

    gastronom/e
              a judge of good eating; -ic, -y

    gastropod any member of the Gastropoda, mollusc class (not ital.); not
              -ster-

    gçt/÷     (Fr.), fem. -÷e, spoiled

    gçteau/   (Fr. m.), cake, pl. -s

    gatecrash/, -er
              (one word)

    gate/fold folded oversize page (one word)

    gate/keeper, -post, -way
              (one word)

    gather    (bind.), to assemble the printed and folded sections in sequence

    GATT      General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

    gauch/e   awkward; -erie, awkwardness (not ital.)

    gauche    (Fr.), left; abbr. g.

    gaucho/   a mounted herdsman, native of the pampas, not gua-; pl. -s

    gaud/y    annual entertainment, esp.  college dinner; (adj.) showy; -ily,
              -iness

    gaug/e    a measure; -ing, not guage.  See also gage

    Gauguin (Eugëne Henri Paul)
              1848-1903, French painter

    Gaul      anc. France; adj. Gallic, (Fr.) gaulois/, fem. -e

    Gaullist  follower of de Gaulle

    Gauloise  propr. term for French cigarettes

    gauntlet/ a long glove, not gant-; -ed

    gauntr/ee, -y
              use gantry

    gaur      Indian ox, not gour

    Gauss     (Karl Friedrich), 1777-1855, German mathematician and physicist

    gauss     unit of magnetic induction, abbr. G; pl. same

    Gautama Buddha
              founder of Buddhism; see Buddha

    Gauthier-Villars
              publishers, Paris

    Gautier (Th÷ophile)
              1811-72, French writer

    gauzy     not -ey

    gavel     a president's hammer

    gavial    Asian crocodile, not ghar-

    gavotte   a dance, music for it

    gawby     use gaby

    gay/ety, -ly
              use gai-

    Gay-Lussac (Joseph Louis)
              1778-1850, French chemist and physicist

    gaz.      gazett/e, -ed, -eer

    gazebo/   summer-house, belvedere; pl. -s

    gazett/e, -ed, -eer
              abbr. gaz.

    gazpacho  cold vegetable soup

    gazump    to raise price to would-be buyer after agreement but before
              completion

 7.3 GB...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    GB        Great Britain

    GBE       Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire

    GBH       grievous bodily harm

    G.B.S.    (George Bernard Shaw, 1856-1950), Irish-born British dramatist
              and critic

 7.4 GC...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    GC        George Cross; Golf Club

    GCA       Ground Controlled Approach (radar)

    GCB       Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath

    GCE       General Certificate of Education

    GCF       or g.c.f. (math.), greatest common factor

    GCHQ      Government Communications Headquarters

    GCI       Ground Controlled Interception (radar)

    GCIE      Kmght Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire

    GCLH      Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour

    GCM       general court martial

    GCM       or g.c.m. (math.), greatest common measure

    GCMG      Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St
              George

    GCSI      Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India

    GCVO      Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order

 7.5 GD...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    GD        Grand/Duchess -- Duchy, -- Duke

    Gd        gadolinium (no point)

    Gdns.     Gardens

    GDP       gross domestic product

    GDR       German Democratic Republic

    Gdsm.     Guardsman

 7.6 Ge...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Ge        germanium (no point)

    g.e.      (binding) gilt edges

    gearbox   (one word)

    gear-lever
              (hyphen)

    gearwheel (one word)

    geb.      (Ger.), geboren (born), gebunden (bound)

    GEC       General Electric Company

    gecko/    a house-lizard; pl. -s

    gee/-ho, ---up
              call to horses, not jee-

    geeloot   use gal-

    geezer    (slang), an old man. See also geyser

    gefuffle  use ker-

    Geiger counter
              (in full, Geiger-Mâller counter), instrument for detecting
              radioactivity

    Geisenheimer
              a white Rhine wine

    geisha/   Japanese dancing girl; pl.  -s

    Geissler (Heinrich)
              1814-79, German physicist, inventor of -- vacuum tube

    gel       (phys.), (form) semi-solid colloidal solution

    gelatin/e, -ize
              not -ise, -ous

    Geld      (Ger. a.), money (cap.)

    Gelderland
              E. Netherlands, not Guel-

    gelder rose
              use gue-

    gel÷e     (Fr. f.), frost, jelly

    Gel÷e (Claude)
              see Lorrain

    Gelert    faithful dog of Welsh legend

    Gellert (Christian Fârchtegott)
              1715-69, German poet

    Gelsemium (bot.), not -inum

    gem       (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 4 pt.

    gemel     finger-ring, hinge, etc., not gemew, gimbal, gimmal, gimmer

    gemm/a    a bud; pl. -ae

    gemâtlich (Ger.), leisurely, agreeab/le, comfortab/le, -ly

    Gen.      General, Genesis

    gen.      gender, genera, general, -ly, genitive, genus

    Gendarme/ (Fr. m.), pl. -s (not ital.)

    gendarmerie
              (Fr. f.), body of soldiers used as police

    gender    abbr. gen.

    gén/e     (Fr. f), constraint; -÷, fem.  -÷e, constrained

    gene/     the carrying unit of a cell, the unit of heredity; pl. -s

    genealog/y
              family's pedigree; adj.  -ical, not -olog-

    genera    see genus

    General   abbr. Gen.

    General Assembly
              (Sc. Ch.), abbr. GA

    general election
              (not caps.)

    generalia (Lat. pl.), general principles

    generalissimo/
              supreme commander, pl. -s

    generalize
              not -ise

    generator not -er

    Genesis   abbr. Gen.

    genes/is  pl. -es

    genet     kind of civet-cat. See also jennet

    Geneva    Switzerland, in Fr. Genëve, Ger. Genf, It. Ginevra; adj.
              Genevan; Genevese (sing. and pl.), native(s) of --, in Fr.
              genevois/, fem. -e(s)

    Geneviëve (Sainte)
              patron of Paris

    Genghis Khan
              1162-1227, Mongol conqueror of N. China and Iran, not Jenghiz --

    gen/ie    a spirit in Muslim myth., pl. -ii. See also jinnee

    genit     use jennet

    genitive  abbr. gen. or genit.

    genius/   (person of) consummate intellectual power; pl. -es (genii is pl.
              of genie)

    geni/us loci
              (Lat.), the pervading spirit of a place; pl. -i loci

    Gennesaret (Sea of)
              not -eth

    gennet    use jennet

    Genoa     Italy; in Fr. Génes, It.  Genova; adj. Genoese, not -ovese

    genocide  deliberate extermination of a race

    genre     (art), a painting of the ordinary scenes of life (not ital.)

    gens      a clan; pl. gentes

    Gens de Lettres (Soci÷t÷ des)
              French society of authors

    Gensfleisch
              see Gutenberg

    Gent      Fl. and Ger. for Ghent, Belgium

    gent.     gentle/man, -men

    genteel/  fashionable, snobbishly refined, adv. -ly

    Gentele's green
              a colour

    gentil/   (Fr.), fem. -le, gentle, kind

    gentile   anyone not a Jew. See also goy

    gentilhomme
              (Fr. m.), nobleman, gentleman; pl. gentilshommes

    gentleman-at-arms
              (hyphens)

    Gentleman's Magazine
              (not -men's)

    Gents (the)
              men's lavatory (cap., no point)

    genuflexion
              a bending of the knee, not -ction


    genus     pl. genera, abbr. gen. See also botany, zoology

    Geo.      George

    geod.     geode/sy (large-scale earth measurement), -tic

    Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (òtienne)
              1772-1844, French zoologist, not -frey (one hyphen only)

    Geoffrey-Lloyd (Baron)


    geog.     geograph/er, -ical, -y

    geographical qualifiers
              forming everyday terms, usually have lower-case initials, as
              chinese white, indian ink, roman type. But Brussels sprouts,
              London pride. See capitalization and Hart's Rules, pp. 12-13

    geol.     geolog/ical, -ist, -y

    geologize not -ise

    geology   names of formations to have caps., as Old Red Sandstone

    geom.     geome/ter, -trical, -try

    Geordie   native of Tyneside

    Georg     Ger. for George

    George    abbr. Geo.

    George-Brown (Baron)


    Georgetown
              Guyana

    George Town
              Cayman Is., Malaysia (two words)

    Georgia   US; off. abbr. Ga. or (postal) GA

    Georgia   a Soviet Socialist Republic. See also USSR

    Georgian  of Georgia or the Georges

    Georgium sidus
              (astr.), old name for Uranus

    Ger.      German, Germany

    ger.      gerund, -ial

    geranium/ (bot.), pl. -s (not ital.)

    Gerard (John)
              1545-1612, English botanist, not -arde

    gerbil    desert rodent, not jer-

    gerfalcon use gyrfalcon

    G÷ricault (Jean Louis Andr÷ Th÷odore)
              1791-- 1824, French painter

    gerkin    use ghe-

    German    abbr. Ger. (typ.), now usually set in roman (Antiqua) type; see
              accents. The Fraktur alphabet (listed in Hart's Rules, p. 104)
              has no small caps. or italic, emphasis being shown by
              letter-spacing. For details of German printing-practice (note
              esp.  the rules on capitalization, word-division, and ligatures)
              see Hart's Rules, pp. 103-11

    german    (cousin)

    germane to
              relevant

    germanium symbol Ge

    Germanize not -ise

    Germany   abbr. Ger.

    G÷rõme (Jean L÷on)
              1824-1904, French painter

    gerrymander
              to manipulate unfairly, not je-

    gerund/, -ial
              abbr. ger.

    Ges.      (Ger.), Gesellschaft (a company or society) (cap.)

    gesammelte Werke
              (Ger. pl.), collected works (one cap.)

    Gesellschaft
              (Ger. f.), a company or society (cap.), abbr. Ges.

    gesso/    gypsum used in art, pl. -es

    gest.     (Ger.), gestorben, deceased

    Gestalt/  a shape, the whole as more than the sum of its parts; also used
              as adj. to describe philosophy or psychology based on this

    Gestapo   German secret police (under Hitler)

    Gesta Romanorum
              (Lat. pl.), medieval collection of anecdotes

    gesticulator
              one who moves his bands and arms in talking, not -er

    gestorben (Ger.), deceased; abbr.  gest.,

    gesundheit!
              (Ger.), your health (said also to one who sneezes)

    get-at-able
              accessible (hyphens)

    gettable  (two ts)

    Gettysburg
              Pennsylvania, scene of Battle and of Lincoln's address, 1863

    Geulinex (Arnold)
              1625-69, Dutch philosopher

    GeV       giga-electron-volt

    Gewandhaus
              (Ger. n.), Clothworkers' Hall, concert-hall in Leipzig

    gewgaw    gaudy plaything (one word)

    geyser    hot spring, water-heater (not ital.). See also geezer

 7.7 GFS...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    GFS       Girls' Friendly Society

 7.8 GG...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    GG        Girl Guides, Governor-General, Grenadier Guards

    Gg        gigagram

    g.gr.     a great gross, or 144 dozen

    GGSM      Graduate of Guildhall School of Music

 7.9 Ghadames...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    Ghadames  Libya

    Ghana     formerIy Gold Coast Colony, indep. 1957, republic 1960; adj.
              and noun Ghanaian

    Ghandi    use Gandhi

    gharial   use gavial

    gharry    a vehicle used in India, not gari

    ghat      (Anglo-Ind.), mountain pass, steps to a river, not ghçt, ghÁt,
              ghaut

    Ghazi     Muslim fighter against non-Muslims

    ghee      Ind. butter, not ghi

    Gheel     Belgian commune long celebrated for its treatment of mentally
              ill

    Ghent     Belgium, in Fr. Gand, Fl. and Ger. Gent

    gherao    Ind. & Pak. lock-in of employers

    gherkin   a small cucumber, not ge-, gi, gu-

    ghetto/   (hist.) Jews' quarter, slum area; pl. -s (not ital.)

    ghi       use ghee

    ghiaour   use gi-

    Ghibelline
              one of the Emperor's faction in medieval Italian states, opp. to
              Guelph; not -in, Gib-, Guib-

    Ghiberti (Lorenzo)
              1378-1455, Italian sculptor, painter, goldsmith

    Ghirlandaio (Domenico)
              1449-94, Italian painter

    Ghizeh    use Giza

    Ghonds    use Gonds

    Ghoorkas  use Gurkhas

    ghoul     an evil spirit, not -ool, -oule, -owl

    GHQ       General Headquarters

    Ghurkas   use Gurkhas

 7.10 GI...
 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


    GI        (US), Government Issue, (colloq.)  serviceman

    Giacometti (Alberto)
              1901-66, Swiss sculptor, painter, poet

    giallo antico
              (It.), a rich-yellow marble

    Giant's Causeway
              Co. Antrim, not -ts'

    giaour    Turk. name for non-Muslim, not ghiaour, giaur

    Giaour (The)
              poem by Byron, 1813

    Gib.      Gibraltar

    gibber    to chatter, not j-

    gibbet/, -ed, -ing


    Gibbon (Edward)
              1737-94, English historian

    Gibbons (Grinling)
              1648-1720, English carver; -- (Orlando), 1583-1625, English
              composer

    gibbo/us  hump-backed, doubly convex like the moon between half and full;
              -sity

    gib/e     to sneer; -er, -ing. See also gybe

    Gibeline  use Ghibelline

    Gibraltar/
              abbr. Gib.; adj. -ian

    gibus     opera-hat (not ital.)

    Gide (Andr÷ Paul Guillaume)
              1869-1951, French writer

    Gideon    member of body distributing bibles

    Gielgud (Sir Arthur John)
              b. 1904, English actor and producer

    Giessen   university city, W. Germany

    giga-     prefix meaning one thousand million, abbr. G

    gigolo/   pl. -s (not ital.)

    gigot/    (cook.) leg of mutton; -- sleeve (two words); not j-

    gigue     a lively dance

    Gilbert (Sir William Schwenck)
              1836-1911, English librettist

    Gil Blas  picaresque satire by Le Sage, 1715

    gild      an association, use guild

    Gilead    mountainous district east of R. Jordan

    Gill (Arthur Eric Rowton)
              1882-1940, artist, sculptor, type-designer and typographer;
              designed Perpetua and Gill Sans founts

    Gillette (King Camp)
              1855-1932, US inventor of safety razor; -- (William), 1857-1937,
              US actor and writer

    Gillray (James)
              1757-1815, English caricaturist

    gillyflower
              clove-scented flower, not jilli-

    gilt      abbr. gt.

    gimbal    use gemel

    gimcrack  trumpery, not jim-

    gimlet    a tool, not gimb-

    gimm/al, -er
              use gemel

    gimmick   a contrivance, device

    gimp      a trimming, a fishing-line, not gui-, gy-

    Ginevra   It. for Geneva

    ginger/-ale, -beer
              (hyphens)

    ginglym/us
              (anat.), a hingelike joint such